Terms Of Essence Research Articles

The Philosophy of creativity: conceptual approaches of V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev

The object of this paper is creativity as a cultural philosophical and historical-philosophical phenomenon. The subject of the research is the substantiation of the essence of creativity by Russian religious philosophy on the example of the doctrine of V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev. The aim of this research is to identify and articulate the key semantic constructs of creativity from the positions of the above-mentioned thinkers. The article also explores ideas about the nature of creativity and the specific features of a creative subject through the prism of relevant concepts of a socio-humanitarian orientation. A brief historical and philosophical excursion into the understanding of the ontological essence of creativity is carried out, modern ontological concepts of creativity are revealed and an existentially oriented concept of creativity is proposed. The theoretical basis of the research is the original works of V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev, as well as various commenting scientific sources. The methodological foundation of the research is a comparative analysis and a method of contextual vision of creativity. The main result of the conducted research is the articulation of key aspects of the understanding of creativity by V.S. Solovyov and N.A. Berdyaev. It is shown that for the first philosopher, the central task of creativity is the spiritualization of the material world through the realization of the unity of Goodness, Truth and Beauty, while the second thinker considers the main mission of creativity to be the establishment of a fundamentally different spiritual being by the subject. The scientific novelty of the research also lies in the comparative characterization of the concepts of creativity of these thinkers in terms of essence, tasks, meaning, material, sources, functions, result and other structural aspects.

Trends and peculiarities of local budgets functioning in the conditions of war

The paper summarizes the theoretical and applied principles of functioning of local budgets as a component of public finance, an instrument for ensuring financial self-sufficiency, regulating socio-economic development and stimulating investment activity of regions and territorial communities, and identifies their features (territorial affiliation, dependence of the volume of local budget funds on the economic potential of the territory, social orientation, dependence on interbudgetary transfers, imperative and regulatory certainty of budgetary. The paper examines the impact of fiscal decentralization on the functioning of local budgets and the ability of local governments and executive authorities at different levels of administrative and territorial structure to exercise delegated and own powers. Based on the use of methodological tools of the dialectical approach to cognition of the essence of local budgets, a comprehensive scientific approach to this definition is formulated in terms of essence, content, form and as a phenomenon. The social purpose of local budgets is clarified, the realities are analyzed and the peculiarities of their functioning in wartime are revealed. The expediency of changes in the budget process is argued, changes in budget and tax legislation are characterized. Based on the analysis of the dynamics, composition of revenues and expenditures of local budgets, the main problems of formation and use of budgetary resources of local governments are identified. It is argued that one of the most important problems in the organization of budgetary relations at the local level is the discrepancy between local budget revenues and the need of local governments and local executive authorities for financial resources to ensure the provision of quality and affordable public services to the population.

A Study of U.S. Immigration Policy Towards Latin America 2009-2022 - From the Realism Perspective

The United States is the worlds largest recipient of immigrants, and due to historical and geographic reasons, the United States has a deep connection with Latin American immigrants. At the same time, the issue of immigration has become an issue of greater interest to Latino voters in U.S. elections. Since the end of World War II, the U.S. foreign policy-making process has been primarily tinged with offensive realism. Based on this, this paper will analyze the changes in the U.S. governments immigration policy toward Latin America during the Obama administration, the Trump administration, and the Biden administration (as of December 2022) in three different periods through realism theory. This paper finds that although the policies of the three periods mentioned above differ slightly in subtle aspects due to the leaders personal governing preferences, they all reflect realism in essence in terms of macro policies.

An affective reading on narrative productions methodology. Narrative as a body

ABSTRACT From an affective perspective, this work discusses how a Narrative (N), which results from the narrative production methodologies (NPM), can be considered a body. We briefly explain what NPM is, its proceeding, and the theoretical discussion supporting it. Later we present Affect Studies (AS) and their perspective on the body. We propose not to define the body in terms of essence (what is a body) but of capabilities (what can a body do). This proposal leads us to the analysis of the Narrative, considered as a body, based on three concepts: Passage of Affect, Assemblage, and Prehension. The study of narratives has much to offer us if we expand and transcend the limits of representation and embrace theories such as Affect Studies and Posthumanism. This is an invitation not to systematize but to play methodologically with contemporary theoretical points of view and other concepts not considered when NPM was conceived.

Ruth Barcan Marcus and Minimal Essentialism

AbstractSince the publication of Kit Fine's “Essence and Modality”, there has been lively debate over how best to think of essence in relation to necessity. The present aim is to draw attention to a definition of essence in terms of modality that has not been given sufficient attention. This neglect is perhaps unsurprising, since it is not a proposal made in response to Fine's 1994 paper and ensuing discussion, but harks back to Ruth Barcan Marcus's earlier work in the 1960s and 1970s on essentialist claims. At the core of Barcan Marcus's account is Minimal Essentialism, of which there are several extensions, in particular, for cases of referential predicates (such as “x is identical to Socrates”), Individuating Essentialism, and Aristotelian Essentialism. I argue that Minimal Essentialism fares favourably against a host of familiar examples. I close with some historical observations, that the distinction between essence and necessity was already commonplace in the early days of quantified modal logic and its philosophy.

On explaining necessity by the essence of essence

ABSTRACT There has been much debate recently on the question whether essence can explain modality. Here, I examine two routes to an essentialist account of modality. The first is Hale's argument for the necessity of essence, which I will argue is – notwithstanding recent attempted defences of it – invalid by its very structure. The second is the proposal that it is essential to essential truth that it is necessary. After offering three possible versions of the view, I will argue that each fails to provide a metaphysical explanation of necessity in terms of essence.

Legal aspects of gender equality and their legislative consolidation

Presently, not only the equality of rights and freedoms is vital, but also the legal consolidation of equality between men and women in the ability to fully use all those rights and freedoms in various spheres of social life, which are guaranteed and ensured by the state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the terms “gender” and “gender equality” in the context of international regulatory documents and Ukrainian legislation on ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men as an integral part of the general rights of a person and a citizen. Among the key research methods were dialectical, logical-legal, and hermeneutic, which helped analyse the terms “gender” and “gender equality” and determine the regulatory framework of documents on ensuring and guaranteeing gender equality of both sexes. Using the comparative method, the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with international standards of gender policy was compared and analysed. This paper presents the results of the characterization and interpretation of the norms of legal documents and legislation regarding their compliance with the principles of gender equality. The essence of terms “gender” and “gender equality” was covered. The main areas of ensuring the equality of men and women, which are guaranteed by Ukrainian and international legislation, were outlined. The need to include in all state programs some measures that ensure gender equality and meet the Sustainable Development Goals was substantiated. It was proved that both at the state and regional levels, it is expedient to conduct various trainings that cover gender aspects and raise awareness among employees to develop a professional gender-sensitive culture of the working environment. Emphasis was placed on the importance of measures to prevent violations of human and citizen rights and freedoms, as well as to ensure gender equality between men and women under martial law. The importance of mandatory prosecution and punishment of the Russian military, guilty of violence against Ukrainian women and men, was emphasized. The results of the study can be used both by scientists who investigate issues of gender equality and discrimination based on gender, and by representatives of state bodies whose sphere of competence includes the implementation of gender equality policy, as well as by students and teachers of law schools, everyone who is interested in issues of gender and equality.

What Is Non-Naturalism?

Metaethicists often specify non-naturalism in different ways: some take it to be about identity, while others take it to be about grounding. But few directly address the taxonomical question of what the best way to understand non-naturalism is. That’s the task of this paper. This isn’t a merely terminological question about how to use the term “non-naturalism”, but a substantive philosophical one about what metaphysical ideology we need to capture the pre-theoretical concerns of non-naturalists. I argue that, contrary to popular opinion, non-naturalism is best characterized not in terms of identity or grounding, but in terms of essence. First, I lay out some desiderata for a good characterization of non-naturalism: it should (i) speak to and elucidate the non-naturalist’s core pre-theoretical commitments, (ii) render non-naturalism a substantive, local claim about normativity, and (iii) provide the most general characterization of the view possible (iv) in a way that best fits the spirit of paradigm non-naturalist views. I then argue that identity characterizations fail to satisfy the former two desiderata, while grounding characterizations at best don’t satisfy the latter two. So, I propose a new essence characterization of non-naturalism and argue that it does a better job of satisfying all four desiderata. Moreover, I argue that this essence characterization has important implications for both metaethical and metaphysical theorizing.

The Literary Mind of “Being”: Healing Power in The Prelude

Book Fourteenth of The Prelude by William Wordsworth serves as a religious conclusion that signifies that a spiritual communion with God, infinite and transcendental and magnificently expressed by Nature, can heal and restore man’s mind in his crises of life. God’s being is a supreme Dasein, which in terms of essence is the Word/Logos, and which embraces the feature of “de-severance”, that is, eternity. And as a creator, God’s being-in-the-world is essentially caring. This article aims to employ hermeneutics to explicate the religious significance of Book Fourteenth, pointing out that Being housed in Logos is actually the healing power in life crises. I apply hermeneutics to explicate the theological significance of Book Fourteenth.

CREATION OF NEMAT KOZIBOEV

This article discusses the creation of Nemat Koziboyev. Nemat Koziboev was one of the artists who thought on a broad scale, looked at the world and existence with different eyes, and strived for vitality. Whether it is a historical or a contemporary subject, he looked at reality in its essence in terms of beauty, colors and forms. Beautiful patterns created by masters, various forms were sometimes used against the background of historical works created by the artist.

PERCEPTION OF ESSENCE OF CONTROLLING AND ITS USE IN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN TIME OF CRISIS: DOES CONTROLLING FULFILL ITS ESSENCE?

The use of controlling in the business sphere is relatively broad and its essence can be perceived diversely by enterprises of different sectors and sizes. The aim of the research is to identify the current state of the use of controlling in Slovak manufacturing enterprises with an assessment of the perception of its essence in terms of capital structure and business performance measured by the Return on Sales (ROS). Total of 347 enterprises were asked by means of stratified sampling in 2020. Goodness-of-fit test was used when examining the representativeness of the research sample and for individual hypotheses the two-sample test of relative frequencies, relative frequency test, 95% interval estimates of relative frequencies, contingency and Pearson’s chi-square test were applied. Testing confirmed the existence of statistically significant correlation between the capital structure of manufacturing enterprises and the level of wider perception and practical use of the essence of controlling in relation to the performance measured by ROS. In conclusion is demonstrated that the potential of controlling in enterprises is not fully used, especially in the form of comprehensive secondary coordination of management and the possible directions of using it are outlined, with a positive impact on business performance.

UNAMUNO ve “ÇAĞDAŞ HIRİSTİYANLIK”

“This article/research that I translated from Hasan Hanefi examines, in terms of Spanish philosopher Miguel de Unamuno, the ancient Christianity throughout the history. While Hasan Hanefi, here, researched Christianity beliefs in the presence of Ancient Christians, on the one hand, he criticizes of it, on the other hand, from own viewpoint, aims for explanation of it. Hasan Hanefi, also here, compares the Christianity beliefs established by the institution of papacy with philosophies of his age in which includes schools like communism, socialism and existentialism. According to what Hasan Hanef said, Unamuno follow such a conclusion: the contemporary Christianity has lost that noble ore and effect arising from jesus son of mary, who is prominent with/stamped with the life, the dynamism and regeneration and the spritual ressurrection; whether individually or socially, it has become such a thing that loses it’s effect and power on spirits. We also may said: Our author Hasan Hanefi, in terms of essence and nature of Christianity, make comparisons between the philosophies and trends of his age and philosophies that will come later and have an impact on humanity, especially on Europeans… After all this, definitely, he concludes such a result: Some philosophies is closer to, in it’s essence and nature, the Christianity religion and the message of jesus, than the Christianity religion institutionalized throughout the history! and he maintains his explanations: that Christianity religion has lost, especially throughout scholastic ages, it’s nature and divine character and, no matter where and when one lives, except a blind devotion, has become a mechanic belief ineffective on human sprit!.”

Brexit: передумови, наслідки, інтереси та основні вектори міждержавних відносин Великої Британії у сфері торгівлі.

The carried out analysis reflects the essence and course of the Brexit process. In terms of essence, the Great Britain’s exit from the EU should be considered a complex transformational process, which in a real form reproduces the model of structural changes occurring within the framework of a non-balanced open system (dissipative structure). Such a conceptual approach to the interpretation of this process allows us to specify the definition of Brexit as a solution to the intra-system contradiction that has formed within the most complex form of integration, which is the European Union. With the transformation (transformation of the form) and structural changes occurring along this process, a new quality of the basic system together with the separated former elements of this system, which have acquired the status of independent integral system units, is formed. In the future, the dynamics may take the form of either progress or regression. Accordingly, Brexit as a result of the transformation of the economic and political union of European countries is fraught with risks for both sides – as for Great Britain, so for the EU. The economic system of Great Britain is one of the largest and most productive in Europe and the world. Therefore, Brexit has significantly weakened the EU economy, but has not caused a critical deterioration in its condition. Similarly, the Great Britain’s loss of the EU membership, which the country had since 1973, had hindered the possibilities of growth, but did not cause a devastating change in the economy. The situation in the sphere of international trade appears to be similar. For Great Britain, the Brexit transition period has become extremely difficult, as it largely coincided with the protracted period of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a response to the challenges facing the country after Brexit, Great Britain is implementing a model of interstate relations aimed at preserving the partnerships acquired during the period of the EU membership and at the same time forming new ones, being no less effective. Within the limits of this model, the most likely format of equally close economic (including trade) relations «countries of Europe – Great Britain – the USA» will be formed. Trade relations with China remain mutually beneficial for Great Britain, although their context has become significantly politically determined, given the divergence of the interests of the USA and China and the Great Britain’s loss of the role of a conductor of Chinese interests in the EU. Great prospects are opened to Great Britain by the direction of Indo- and Asia-Pacific cooperation, which involves developing relations with countries, the vast majority of which are participants in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

Wady przedsiębiorstwa jako przedmiotu czynności prawnej

The article is of a scientific and research nature and contains the results of a research project conducted within the area of Polish civil law and commercial law. The aim of the research is to define the concept of “defect of the undertaking” subject to a legal transaction and to identify the relationship between the defect of the undertaking and the defects of its individual assets. It is not only of a theoretical but also practical significance to carry out an analysis of this issue, given the possibility of making an undertaking an independent object of legal transactions. An important issue is a distinction between a defect of the undertaking as an object of legal transaction, a defect in the right to the undertaking or rights to individual assets thereof. The main thesis boils down to the statement that the defect of the undertaking is a specific construct, different from the defect of its individual assets and independent of their defects. It can exist in a situation where no asset is affected by such a defect. The purpose of the research is to build the concept of “defect of the undertaking” and to demonstrate the relationship between such concept and the characteristics which make up its essence in terms of organisation, purpose and functionality, taking into account the type of the legal transaction concerned. The purpose of these deliberations is also to examine the possibility of classification of defects of the undertaking under provisions defining the incompatibility with the contract of the legal good covered by the transaction. The research is complemented by a list of types of liability for defects of the undertaking and rights correlated with this liability.

Theoretical Implication and Practical Value of Xi Jinping’s Important Exposition on Youth Struggle

Xi Jinping’s Important Exposition on Youth Struggle is General Secretary Xi Jinping’s theoretical exposition on the purpose, path and value of youth struggle in the new era. In terms of essence, Xi Jinping’s important discussion on youth struggle originates from the practical need to cultivate young people with both moral integrity and moral integrity, the value need to carry forward youth struggle in the new era, and the important perception of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s life experience. The theoretical implication and practical value contained in Xi Jinping’s important exposition on youth struggle are linked together, which provides supporting ideological tension for Xi Jinping’s important exposition on youth struggle. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore the theoretical implication and practical value of Xi Jinping’s important exposition on the struggle of youth.

Teftâzânî’nin Düşünce Sisteminde İnsanî Nefsin Varlığı ve Hakikati

Scholars in Islamic thought have examined the question of the human soul`s essence through its various aspects and asserted diverse approaches. Unlike the earlier Islamic theologians (al-mutaqaddimūn), the later Islamic theologians (almuta’akhkhirūn) generally did not explicitly express their opinions on the essence of the human soul within the chapters discussing this issue because of their distinctive method and discussion style pertaining to the works in that period. Al-Taftāzānī, who is among the foremost Islamic theologians of the later period of kalām, wrote statements indicating his acceptance of the concept of corporeal soul in his works’ chapters on the human soul. However, he also included statements implying the idea of the immaterial soul in these same chapters. Analyzing Taftāzānī`s opinions about the varied topics with which his thought system was involved is essential for determining his views on the essence of the human soul. By examining his thought system, this article has concluded Taftāzānī to have argued the human soul to self-evidently exist beyond the sensible body and to have preferred the view of the subtle body as identical to other bodies in terms of essence within the diversified views of corporeal soul. Moreover, he considered the essential parts (al-ajzā’ al-a~liyya), which he had predicated to most Islamic theologians as a view on the essence of the human soul, not as the essence of the human soul but as the basis of the sensible body. This article traces Taftāzānī`s thoughts on the human soul through his views on physics, epistemology, ontology, and theology then reveals his opinions on the essence of the human soul based on these findings.

Метафизика языковых категорий в «лингвистическом кантианстве» и аналитической философии

This paper considers the Kantian philosophical tradition in western language philosophy of the XXth century, describes the ways of its influence and argues the existence of the “Kantian language philosophy tradition” as a continuous stage to be a certain evolutionary line in the history of philosophy. By now one ignores the influence of Kantian philosophy upon “those not pee linguistic turn” and does not esteem I. Kant as a philosopher of language, nor counts his influence in this sphere. The mode of this influence is uncertain and represents various views from synthesis to direct evolution. To discover this issue the author of this paper tries to find a metaphysic core element in language ontology, inherited by the analytic philosophers from I. Kant’s writings; conducts a comparative research of the aforementioned authors’ papers, extracts derived from I. Kant core metaphysical aspect in language ontology and a textological analysis, historical reconstruction. The researchers ignore historical and ontological links between language philosophy, Kantian and the analytical tradition due to a philological development of academic linguistics in the late XIXth – XXth centuries. Following the Kantian tradition in philosophy theories of the analytic philosophers (particularly W. Qwine and P. Strawson) contain the metaphysical core in language ontology, primarily in its syncretic essence of logical, semantic and utterly linguistic categories (i. e. the scheme of concepts, sense, universals, etc.). Syncretism of logical and linguistic essence in terms is also typical for the Kantian philosophy and characterizes the Kantian philosophy to be a source for the linguistic one, and a fully expressed the “Kantian language philosophy tradition”.

From Essence to Necessity via Identity

Abstract An essentialist theory of modality claims that the source of possibility and necessity lies in essence, where essence is (obviously) then not to be defined in terms of necessity. Hence such theories owe us an account of why it is that the essences of things give rise to necessities in the way required. A new approach to understanding essence in terms of the notion of generalized identity promises to answer this challenge by appeal to the necessity of identity. I explore the prospects for this approach, and argue that it fails. If one favours an account of essence in terms of generalized identity, then one will not, I argue, be able to satisfactorily defend an essentialist theory of modality against the challenge; if one wishes to defend an essentialist theory of modality, and thereby to give an explanation of how necessity arises from essence, one should not understand essence in terms of generalized identity.

ACKNOWLEDGING GENDER DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION AS KEY TO ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH: A REVIEW AND TRENDS

Diversity refers to the existence of human differences on the grounds of colour, race, ethnicity, gender, identity, age, physical attributes, ethical values, nationality, education, personality, experiences and knowledge base. Inclusion, on the other hand, is the collaborative environment that enhances belongingness, participation and contribution as it provides respect to people across varying parameters of difference. Over the past few decades, workforce diversity and inclusive work practices have acquired the core position in several small, medium and large sized organizations whether national or international. Historical and current status of women workforce participation in Indian organizations reveals that a huge gap exists between the proportion of female labor force and their male counterparts. Presently, as companies have initiated to acknowledge that women constitute a significant source of human capital, it becomes essential to create female friendly workplaces to encourage gender diversity in organizations. The present scenario identifies gender diversity and inclusion of workforce as the key to business success and growth. This piece of research investigates the nuances of gender diversity and inclusion that bring out their true essence in terms of creativity and innovation, organizational reputation, productivity, decision-making, problem-solving and organizational performance as its several advantages. Additionally, the present research throws light upon the status of gender diversity in Indian organizations and the present global trends in the domain of gender diversity and inclusion as a key competitive advantage. It also attempts to bring out the reasons for acknowledging gender diversity and inclusion as a core of every organizations’ policy.

Essence, modality, and intrinsicality

Kit Fine (Philos Perspect 8:1–16, 1994) famously objected against the idea that essence can be successfully analyzed in terms of de re necessity. In response, I want to explore a novel, interesting, but controversial modal account of essence in terms of intrinsicality and grounding. In the first section, I will single out two theoretical requirements that any essentialist theory should meet—the essentialist desideratum and the essentialist challenge—in order to clarify Fine’s objections. In the second section, I will assess Denby’s improved modal account, which appeals to the notion of intrinsicality, and argue that it is untenable. In the third section, I will explain how, when combined with a modal-existential criterion, a hyperintensional account of intrinsicality—in the same vein as Bader (J Philos 110(10):525–563, 2013) and Rosen (in: Hale and Hoffman (eds) Modality: Metaphysics, logic, and epistemology, Oxford, OUP, 2010)—can help successfully address Fine’s counterexamples. In the fourth section, I will evaluate how this novel analysis of essence stands with respect to sortal, origin, and natural kinds essentialism and discuss potential objections and difficulties.