Nueva Especie Research Articles

Una nueva especie de Chrysina Kirby, 1828 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) de Ecuador e inclusión dentro del grupo de especies veraguana propuesto

Chrysina mercedesae sp. nov. is described from Ecuador. A description of the species including illustrations of the adults, distribution map, as well as diagnostic characters and a key to three species that are hereby placed into the veraguana species-group, are presented.

Nueva especie del género Phaleria Latreille (Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae) de la costa norte del Perú

A new species of the genus Phaleria Latreille from northern Peruvian coast is described and illustrated: Phaleria psammatea nov. sp. Diagnostic characters are discussed in relation to Western Hemisphere species, particularly those of the Pacific coast of South America.

New Species of Marsupial Frog (Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from an Isolated Montane Forest in Southern Peru

We describe a new species of marsupial frog (genus Gastrotheca) from an isolated patch of cloud forest in the upper reaches of the Pachachaca River, a tributary of the Apuro ´mac River in southern Peru (Apuro ´mac Region). The new species is small with males less than 30 mm and a single female 35.3 mm in snout-vent length. A juvenile was collected from inside an epiphytic bromeliad at ,3 m, suggesting that this species is arboreal or uses bromeliad tanks as microhabitats. We describe the advertisement call, which has a dominant frequency above 2.2 kHz. Based on morphology and advertisement call, the new species is most similar to Gastrotheca piperata described from the Yungas of Bolivia. The new species differs from G. piperata by having smaller size, no dermal fold on the tarsus, a bluntly rounded to vertical snout in profile, gray coloration on dorsal surfaces of Fingers I and II and by producing advertisement calls that have a higher dominant frequency and a smaller number of pulses. RESUMEN.—Describimos una nueva especie de rana marsupial (genero Gastrotheca) de un parche aislado de bosque nublado en las nacientes del ro ´o Pachachaca, un afluente del ro ´o Apuro ´mac en el sur de Peru ´ (Region Apuro ´mac). La nueva especie es pequena, con machos que miden menos de 30 mm y una hembra 35.3 mm en longitud hocico-cloaca. Un juvenil fue capturado dentro de una bromelia epo ´fita a una altura de ,3 m, lo cual sugiere que esta rana es arborea o usa las bromelias como microhabitats. Describimos el canto nupcial, cuya frecuencia dominante es de mas de 2.2 kHz. En base a morfologo ´a y canto nupcial, la nueva especie se asemeja masa Gastrotheca piperata descrita de las Yungas de Bolivia. La nueva especie se diferencia de G. piperata por su menor tamano, ausencia de pliegue tarsal, hocico redondeado o vertical en vista lateral, coloracion gris en la superfice dorsal de los dedos I y II y por producir un canto nupcial con frecuencia dominante mas alta y menor numero de pulsos. Biological inventories and phylogenetic and taxonomic research in the cloud forests of southeastern Peru over the past decade have led to the description of many new species of amphibians (Lehr and Catenazzi, 2008, 2009a,b). These recent discoveries point to the exceptional diversity of montane and high-elevation taxa in the eastern slopes of the Andes. Beta diversity of montane taxa is likely to be much higher than currently known, and as new inventories are conducted, we predict that many additional species will be discovered. These discoveries will help us better understand patterns of species abundance and distribution in relation to the heterogeneous environment of the eastern cordilleras and inter-Andean valleys of southern Peru. The herpetofauna of the Apurimac region is poorly known. The west and central portions of this region are dominated by species that have a wide geographic distribution in the puna and other high-elevation habitats of the Peruvian Altiplano, such as Gastrotheca marsupiata, Pleurodema marmoratum, and Tachymenis peruviana. However, the eastern portion of the Apurimac Region has more species, several of which are endemic. The inter-Andean dry valleys of the Apurimac canyon and of its tributaries, for example, are inhabited by two endemic squamates, the lizard Stenocercus apurimacus and the snake Drymoluber apurimancesis (Lehr et al., 2004). These valleys often present heterogeneous environments, from dry, scrublike vegetation in places where the cordilleras function as rain shadows, to cloud forests where local topography intercepts moisture and favors the formation of fog. Many of these habitats are difficult to access and are poorly known biologically. Based on museum collections, G. marsupiata is the only marsupial frog that has been reported previously from Apurimac. William E. Duellman collected a series of this species in four locations between Abancay and Huancavelica (voucher specimens at the Museum of Natural History,

A Distinctive New Species of Tyrant Flycatcher (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae: Cnipodectes) From Southeastern Peru

AbstractWe describe a distinctive new species of twistwing (Tyrannidae: Cnipodectes) from southeastern Peru. Despite extensive ornithological research in the region, this species has escaped notice, which suggests that it may be restricted to larger blocks of forest dominated by bamboo (Guadua spp.), a habitat poorly surveyed in Amazonia. Currently known from only a few sites in the departments of Madre de Dios and Cuzco, the species appears to be a Guadua specialist, though its life history is very poorly known. To date, the only other species of Cnipodectes, C. subbrunneus (Brownish Twistwing), is not known from most of southeastern Peru.Una Nueva Especie Distintiva del Género Cnipodectes (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) del Sureste de Perú

A New Species of Smoky Honeyeater (Meliphagidae: Melipotes) From Western New Guinea

AbstractWe describe a new species of smoky honeyeater from the Foja Mountains, an isolated range in western New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia). A common inhabitant of montane forest and forest-edge in this little-known north coastal range, this species possesses a fleshy pendant suborbital wattle, unique in the genus Melipotes, among other characteristics that distinguish it from all congeners. This fleshy wattle provides a morphological link between Melipotes and the monotypic genus Macgregoria, an alpine inhabitant of the Central Ranges of New Guinea, traditionally treated as a bird of paradise (e.g., Frith and Beehler 1998) but now regarded as the sister genus to Melipotes (Cracraft and Feinstein 2000). The presence of an endemic meliphagid species in the Foja Mountains highlights the biogeographic significance and conservation importance of this geographically isolated upland forest tract, which is also home to the endemic Golden-fronted Bowerbird (Amblyornis flavifrons) and Berlepsch's Parotia (Parotia berlepschi), a distinctive, recently rediscovered species of six-wired bird of paradise (B. M. Beehler unpubl. data).Una Especie Nueva de Melipotes (Meliphagidae) del Oeste de Nueva Guinea

Alacranes (Arachnida: Scorpiones) de Frontera Corozal, en la selva lacandona, Chiapas, México, con la descripción de una nueva especie de Diplocentrus (Diplocentridae)

Palabras clave: Scorpiones, Buthidae, Diplocentridae, Centruroides, Diplocentrus chol, especie nueva, Ocosingo. Abstract. Diurnal and nocturnal collecting in the community of Frontera Corozal, Municipio Ocosingo, Chiapas, Mexico, revealed three species of scorpions, two belonging to the family Buthidae and one to Diplocentridae. Centruroides schmidti Sissom is a new record for the state of Chiapas, and Diplocentrus chol is described as a new species.

A DISTINCTIVE NEW SPECIES OF TYRANT FLYCATCHER (PASSERIFORMES: TYRANNIDAE: CNIPODECTES) FROM SOUTHEASTERN PERU

Abstract We describe a distinctive new species of twistwing (Tyrannidae: Cnipodectes) from southeastern Peru. Despite extensive ornithological research in the region, this species has escaped notice, which suggests that it may be restricted to larger blocks of forest dominated by bamboo (Guadua spp.), a habitat poorly surveyed in Amazonia. Currently known from only a few sites in the departments of Madre de Dios and Cuzco, the species appears to be a Guadua specialist, though its life history is very poorly known. To date, the only other species of Cnipodectes, C. subbrunneus (Brownish Twistwing), is not known from most of southeastern Peru. Una Nueva Especie Distintiva del Genero Cnipodectes (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) del Sureste de Peru

A New Species of Marsupial Frog (Anura: Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from the Amazonian Slopes of the Cordillera Oriental in Peru

A new species of marsupial frog, Gastrotheca, with prominent cranial crests is described from humid montane forest on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Departamento de Pasco, Peru. The frog has an exceedingly robust cranium that most closely resembles that of G. cornuta; however, the cranial crests of G. cornuta are less well developed, and less obvious externally, than those of the new taxon. Within the genus Gastrotheca, one of the most variable parts of the skull is the squamosal, which has a variety of articular arrangements with the maxilla, the pterygoid, and in some taxa, the frontoparietal. In contrast to the modifications of dermal cranial elements, the postcranial skeleton seems to be relatively conserved in Gastrotheca.Describimos una nueva especie de Gastrotheca de los bosques montanos de la vertiente oriental de los Andes en el Departamento de Pasco, Perú. La nueva especie se caracteriza por sus prominentes crestas craneales y por poseer un cráneo extremadamente robusto, similar al de G. cornuta; sin embargo, las crestas craneales de G. cornuta son menos evidentes extrenamente. En el género Gastrotheca, el hueso escamosal es una de las partes más variables del cráneo, teniendo una variedad de arreglos articulares con el maxilar superior, pterigoideo y, en algunos taxa, con el frontoparietal. En contraste con las modificaciones presentes en los elementos dermales del cráneo, el esqueleto postcraneal parece ser relativamente homogéneo en Gastrotheca.

A New Species of Killifish in the Genus Orestias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from the Southern High Andes, Chile

Abstract A new species of Cyprinodontidae, Orestias piacotensis new species, is described from Laguna Piacota in the southern high Andean region (18°11′49.8″S, 69°15′56.9″W). It is a small and slender-bodied fish with mottled blackish bands on its flanks, fading to white on the belly and should be classified in the “agassii complex.” Its head is moderately large with large eyes whose orbits do not reach the dorsal profile. This species is distinguished from the rest of the “agassii complex,” by possessing a wide protractile mouth with slightly upturned lower jaws, and pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins with elongate middle rays, pointed and with a reduced (12–16) and constant number of rays. It has a long and narrow caudal peduncle. Rounded, irregularly-sized, small scales cover the sides of the body, being absent from the dorsal and ventral parts of the body. The gill rakers are long, rounded, and closely spaced. Both sexes have 52 chromosomes. Se describe una especie nueva de Cyprinodontidae, Orestias piac...

A NEW SPECIES OF CUPIENNIUS (ARANEAE, CTENIDAE) COEXISTING WITH CUPIENNIUS SALEI IN A MEXICAN MANGROVE FOREST

The new species Cupiennius chapanensis is described from a mangrove forest in the coastal regions of Chiapas, México. The most noticeable characteristic of the species is the bright red coloration of the chelicerae, given by a covering of long setae on the anterior surface; because of this coloration, it has been previously confused with Phoneutria fera Perty 1833. It is generally similar to Cupiennius getazi Simon 1891, but lacks the spotted pattern on the ventral surface of the femora, together with other differences in genitalic morphology. Cupiennius salei Keyserling 1877 was also found on the same forest during the wet season, while C. chiapanensis appeared in the dry season. Adults of both species were never collected at the same time. This is also the first record of C. salei at the sea level, being previously considered a highland species.RESUMEN. Se describe Cupiennius chiapanensis nueva especie, la décima del género. Fue recolectada del manglar de la costa de Chiapas, México. La característica más notoria es la coloración roja brillante de sus quelíceros, dada por una cubierta de sedas largas en el frente del quelícero. Esta coloración ha provocado que se le confunda con Phoneutria fera Perty 1833 en tres referencias que se documentan. En general, es similar a Cupiennius getazi Simon 1891, pero no exhibe el patrón moteado en la superficie ventral de los fémures, además de otras diferencias en su estructura genital que se discuten. Se encontró también en el mismo bosque a Cupiennius salei Keyserling 1877 durante la época de lluvias, mientras que C. chiapanensis apareció durante la época de secas. Los adultos de ambas especies nunca fueron recolectados en la misma época. Este también es el primer registro de C. salei a nivel del mar, pues era considerada una especie de tierras altas.

A New Species of Hawaiian Finch (Drepanidini: Loxioides) From Makauwahi Cave, Kaua‘i

Abstract A new species of Hawaiian finch is described from two fossil maxillae recovered from Holocene lacustrine sediments in Makauwahi Cave, island of Kaua‘i. The new species is assigned to Loxioides on the basis of characters defined in a previous study of drepanidine phylogeny. The maxilla of the new species resembles that of L. bailleui (the only other member of the genus) in its distinctly foreshortened shape, but differs in size and several qualitative characters. The species was sympatric with Loxioides cf. bailleui during the Holocene on Kaua‘i. Like L. bailleui, it may have been a resource specialist feeding mainly on leguminous pods. The radio-carbon chronology of the Makauwahi site indicates that the species became extinct in the late Holocene and, more tentatively, that it may have survived well beyond the time when humans first discovered and colonized Kaua‘i. Una Nueva Especie de Pinzón de Hawaii (Drepanidini: Loxioides) de la Cueva Makauwahi, Kaua‘i

A NEW SPECIES OF HAWAIIAN FINCH (DREPANIDINI: LOXIOIDES) FROM MAKAUWAHI CAVE, KAUA‘I

Abstract A new species of Hawaiian finch is described from two fossil maxillae recovered from Holocene lacustrine sediments in Makauwahi Cave, island of Kaua‘i. The new species is assigned to Loxioides on the basis of characters defined in a previous study of drepanidine phylogeny. The maxilla of the new species resembles that of L. bailleui (the only other member of the genus) in its distinctly foreshortened shape, but differs in size and several qualitative characters. The species was sympatric with Loxioides cf. bailleui during the Holocene on Kaua‘i. Like L. bailleui, it may have been a resource specialist feeding mainly on leguminous pods. The radio-carbon chronology of the Makauwahi site indicates that the species became extinct in the late Holocene and, more tentatively, that it may have survived well beyond the time when humans first discovered and colonized Kaua‘i. Una Nueva Especie de Pinzon de Hawaii (Drepanidini: Loxioides) de la Cueva Makauwahi, Kaua‘i

A New Species of Colubrid Snake (Synophis) from Western Colombia

-Based on characters of external morphology, scutellation, and osteology, we describe a new species of Synophis from the Pacific versant of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Assignment of this species to Synophis is tentative, pending a reassessment of nothopsin relationships. Some natural history notes are reported for the new species. RESUMEN.-Con base en caracteres de morfologia externa, escamaci6n y vertebras, se describe una nueva especie de Synophis del bosque nublado de la vertiente pacifica de la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. La referencia de esta especie a Synophis es provisoria y queda a la espera de una revisi6n de las relaciones de los not6psinos. Se reportan algunos aspectos de la historia natural de la nueva especie. In August 1994, personnel from the Laboratorio de Herpetologia of the Universidad del Valle, in Colombia, began an intensive survey of the herpetofauna at Hacienda San Pedro on the Pacific slopes of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Among the material collected at this site are two specimens representing an undescribed species referable to Synophis. In three years of work at Hacienda San Pedro, only two specimens of Synophis were collected. Herein, we describe this new species and discuss morphological variation and current problems encountered in studying the systematics of the genera Emmochliophis (E. fugleri and E. miops) and Synophis (S. bicolor, S. calamitus, and S. lasallei; sensu Hillis, 1990) and present natural history data for the new species. As indicated by Bogert (1964) and Hillis (1990), attempts to study the biology of these enigmatic snakes have been thwarted by a paucity of specimens, presumably because of low population densities and/or semifossorial habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Because of the presumed sister relationship between the genera Synophis and Emmochliophis (sensu Hillis, 1990) and the similarity among their species, we compare and diagnose the new species with respect to members of Emmochliophis, Synophis, and Xenopholis (see the Appendix). To assess the validity of current phylogenetic hypotheses, we also examined a variety of 2 Corresponding Author. 4 Present Address: Division of Vertebrate Zoology, Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192, USA. other colubrid genera. Data from specimens unavailable for examination were compiled from Bogert (1964), Hillis (1990), Nic6foro-Maria (1950, 1970), Peracca (1896), and Werner (1923). The sex of the female holotype was determined by visual examination of the relatively short tail length and small girth and was confirmed by the lack of radiodense hemipenial spines in radiographs (Card and Mehaffey, 1994). The sex of the male paratype was verified by presence of hemipenes and chin tubercles. Color descriptions are based on preserved specimens, field notes, and photographs of the paratype in life. Body measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm with a metal straight ruler and digital calipers. Illustrations were drawn with the aid of a Nikon SMZ-U dissecting microscope with a camera lucida attachment. The coordinates of the type locality were determined using a Magellan CPS satellite receiver. Vertebral characters were examined from radiographs (1.25-min exposure; 5 mV; 45 KV), dried skeletal material, and cleared-and-doublestained vertebrae. These materials were compared with descriptions by Bogert (1964), Fritts and Smith (1969), and Hillis (1990). Teeth were counted on the right side of the holotype only and were observed from the radiographs. Synophis plectovertebralis sp. nov. (Figure 1) Holotype.-UVC 11858, a female collected on 31 March 1995 by Luciano Atoy Ortega at Hacienda San Pedro, about 6 km south El Queremal, Municipio Dagua, Departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 03?29'N, 76042'W, at 1800 m on the Pacific versant of the Cordillera Occi-

New Boraginaceae from Tropical America 3: A New Tournefortia from Ecuador and Colombia

Tournefortia gigantifolia, an unusual understory shrub, is described as new from wet forests in Ecuador and Colombia. It is distinct in its monocaulous or sparsely branched habit with large punctate leaves clustered near the stem apices. Its free anthers and unlobed fruits indicate clearly that it is a member of Tournefortia sect. Tournefortia, but its relationships with other species are not evident. RESUMEN. Tournefortia gigantifolia, un arbusto excepcional de sotobosque, se describe como nueva especie. Habita en bosques htimedos en Ecuador y Colombia. Es distintivo en su forma de crecimiento monocaule o con pocas ramas, con hojas grandes que presentan abundantes puntos en el haz; las hojas estan agrupadas cerca de los Apices de los tallos. Aunque esta nueva especie claramente pertenece al g6nero Tournefortia, secci6n Tournefortia, sur parentesco con las otras especies de la secci6n no esti claro. The pantropical genus Tournefortia L. comprises at least 150 species that are strongly centered in the Neotropics. Most modem authors have treated the genus in a broad sense (Nowicke, 1969; Gibson, 1970; Nowicke & Skvarla, 1974) and have included species in three sections, although the nomenclature has been confused. Johnston (1930) recognized section Cyphocyema I. M. Johnston, a group of perhaps 20 species confined to the New World tropics, and section Tournefortia (as sect. Eutournefortia), which comprises the vast majority of the genus with well over 130 species. One species of section Tournefortia occurs in eastern Africa (Verdcourt, 1988), four are found in Madagascar and the Mascarenes, and eight range from southern Asia through the Philippines to Australia (Johnston, 1935b). The more than 100 species that occur in tropical America are mostly South American, and the majority of these species are found in the Andean countries. The third section, sect. Mallatonia Grisebach, consists of three species widely distributed in the Caribbean, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Johnston's opinion on the placement of these species varied widely through his publications on the gen s (Johnston, 1930, 1935a, b, 1949, 1951), and some authors have followed Britton (1915) in recognizing these species as generically distinct, but they have often been grouped together. The genus has all but been ignored by modem monographers, and the last comprehensive treatment was that of De Candolle (1845). Since that time, the New World species have been treated only in floristic works and regional studies. The Central American species are comparatively well studied, having been treated for Veracruz (Nash & Moreno, 1981), Guatemala (Gibson, 1970), Nicaragua (Miller, in press), and Panama (Nowicke, 1969; Miller, 1988). Two studies of South American species of Tournefortia were published by Ivan Johnston that treated the species of Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina (Johnston, 1930) and the Guianas and adjacent Brazil north of the Amazon (Johnston, 1935a). Unfortunately, the Andean countries, certainly the center of diversity for the genus, have largely been ignored. E. P. Killip prepared, but never published (see Nowicke, 1974, for a more complete discussion of Killip's unpublished manuscripts), a treatment for the Andean countries, including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, and Killip's manuscript still exists in the archives of the National Herbarium at the Smithsonian Institution. While never submitted for publication, Killip's work did serve as the basis for two papers describing new species from the region (Killip, 1927, 1929). One more of the species recognized as new by Killip was later published by Nowicke (1974). Since Killip's effort there has been no comprehensive study of the Andean species, and new taxa from the northern Andean countries have been described individually (Johnston, 1956; Nowicke, 1974; Gentry, 1977; Gilli, 1983; Miller, 1989, 1995, 1997, 2000). While Killip's short papers published most of the new taxa that he recognized, several were never validly published; their use has nevertheless crept into herbaria from specimens that Killip annotated. One of these is for a plant from wet forests of northern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia that has never been described despite NovoN 10: 48-52. 2000. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.132 on Thu, 15 Sep 2016 05:51:44 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

A New Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from Southern Costa Rica

A new species of Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) with 5-foliolate leaves is described from southern Costa Rica, compared with its closest relative, and illustrated. RESUMEN. Una nueva especie de Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) con hojas 5-folioladas, se describe de la regi6n sur de Costa Rica, se compara con otra especie cercana y se ilustra en este artfculo. Dalechampia L. is a genus of about 115 mostly neotropical species (Burger & Huft, 1995). Eleven species have recently been accounted for in Costa Rica (Burger & Huft, 1995). Except for D. spathulata (Scheidweiler) Baillon, an erect subshrub, the Costa Rican taxa are clambering vines with leaves that vary from simple and unlobed, with 5 palmate veins, to 2-3-lobed, and to trifoliolate. A new Dalechampia with 5-foliolate leaves from southern Costa Rica is described below. Dalechampia burgeriana G6mez-Laurito, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas. Coto Brus, Fila Cruces, entrada de los Atunes y orilla de la quebrada, borde de bosque, pastizales y charrales, 1000-1200 m, 24 July 1995, Isidro Chacdn 279 (holotype, USJ; isotypes, CR, F, MO). Figure 1. Dalechampia regnellii species brasiliensis affinis, a qua imprimis differt basi asymmetrici foliolorum lateralium, stipulis involucralibus 8-10 mm longis, bracteis involucralibus majoribus, sepalis pistillatis 12, ovario glabro, fructu majore. Clambering vines, leafy stems 1-1.3 mm thick, with retrorse appressed hairs and spreading stinging bristles 1-1.5 mm long; stipules 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, narrowly lanceolate, ciliate along the margin, with 6-7 ascending veins, persisting. Leaves 5-foliolate, petioles 3-10 cm long, ca. 1 mm thick with retrorse appressed hairs and spreading trichomes, stipels stipule-like; petiolules 3-10 mm long with antrorse appressed hairs; leaflets with blades 6.510.5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, narrowly ellipticoblong to narrowly ovate-elliptic, apex acuminate, margin with short teeth, lateral leaflets asymmetric at the base with a rounded-truncate side and a cuneate side, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, especially on the veins beneath; venation pinnate with 7-8 pairs of major secondary veins. Inflorescence axillary, solitary on axillary short-shoots 47 cm long; short-shoots with retrorse appressed hairs and 1-3 reduced leaves, involucral stipules 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, narrowly lanceolate, pilose along the margin, with 67 ascending veins; involucral bracts 4-5.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, ovate and 5-lobed, yellowish green, with 7-9 major veins from base, the veins sparsely ciliate outside and strigillose with short appressed hairs on the inner surface, the margin ciliate and with short teeth. Staminate cymules pedunculate, peduncules 3-5 mm long, flattened, sparsely pubescent, involucel cupuliform, 2.5-4 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, with the bracts completely connate; pedicels 3-6 mm long; resiniferous bractlets laminar, margins entire, secreting sticky whitish resin; staminate flowers 8-9; bud oblongelliptic, 2 mm long, 1-1.2 mm broad, acute at tip; calyx lobes 4, becoming reflexed, staminal column 2 mm long, glabrescent, anthers ca. 12, crowded, subsessile, 0.8 mm long, bilocular and dehiscent longitudinally. Pistillate cymules sessile, involucel of 2 bractlets; bractlets glabrous, margins sinuate, densely ciliate with hairs to 1 mm long; pistillate flowers 3, very short-pedunculate at anthesis; peduncles ca. 1 mm long; sepals 12, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, bipinnatifid, margins hispid; ovary ca. 2 mm high, 1.5 mm thick, glabrous, 3locular; stylar column straight, terete, 12-15 mm long, 0.5 mm thick, glabrous, cream-colored, tip slightly dilated and sometimes slightly downturned. Central fruiting-pedicel 2-2.5 cm long, laterals 10-12 mm long; fruiting sepals 12-16 mm long, margins, tentacular processes, and midstrip copiously beset with straight, sharp bristles 1-2 mm long. Capsule 12-14 mm diam., glabrous; columella 12-15 mm long, persisting; seeds globose, ca. 4 mm diam., rugose-verrucate, whitish, palered tinged. This n w species is named in honor of William C. Burge , long-time friend and devoted student of NovoN 10: 368-370. 2000. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.203 on Sat, 10 Jun 2017 18:05:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 10, Number 4 2000 G6mez-Laurito Dalechampia burgeriana from Costa Rica 369 i.. FL_ i: ::: : ??'~:':d

Gymnogeophagus che, una nueva especie de la familia Cichlidae de la cuenca del río Paraná (Perciformes, Labroidei)

Gymnogeophagus che , a new species of the family Cichlidae from the Paraná river basin (Perciformes, Labroidei). Gymnogeophagus che , new species, is described from the Paraná river basin in northeastern Argentina. This species can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: Absence of small rounded spots on dorsal, anal, and caudal fins, few hyaline stripes on caudal fin, low body depth and head profile, and ascending arm of the premaxilla bearing a wide symphyseal articular facet.

Valeriana eupatoria (Valerianaceae), a New Species from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Valeriana eupatoria, a new species native to Araucaria forests from upland Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, is described and illustrated. It is apparently related to V chamaedryfolia, from which it is set apart chiefly by its larger inflorescences and non-lobate, pubescent, and larger leaves. RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra Valeriana eupatoria, una nueva especie nativa de los bosques montanos de Araucaria de Rio Grande do Sul, en el sur de Brasil. La especie aparentemente estai relacionada con V chamaedryfolia, de la cual se diferencia principalmente por las inflorescencias mais grandes y sus hojas no lobadas, enteras, pubescentes y m-is grandes. The familial status of Valerianaceae is debatable in light of recent studies; Judd et al. (1994) merged it in Caprifoliaceae based mainly on morphological and anatomical similarities. Molecular studies (APG, 1998; Backlund & Pyck, 1998; Pyck et al., 1999) point to the close relationship of both groups, establishing the derivation of Valerianaceae from a caprifolioid ancestor; these authors, in spite of the opinion of Judd et al. (1994), maintain Valerianaceae as a separate family. I have chosen to follow their lead. If maintained as a separate family, the Valerianaceae comprise from 9 (Gunn et al., 1992) to 13 (Cronquist, 1981) genera. Valeriana is the largest genus in the family, with about 300 species (Cronquist, 1981). Valeriana L. in South America attains its highest diversity in the Andes; the Brazilian species are disjunct from this Andean stock and restricted chiefly to montane habitats in southern and eastern regions of the country, from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul, showing a marked southward increase in number of species. The last thorough taxonomic revision of Valeriana in Brazil listed 15 species (Borsini, 1962). One more species was recently described (Sobral, 1999), and, during a study of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil, another unnoticed shrubby species was detected; it is herein described as new. Valeriana eupatoria Sobral, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul: Linha Quinze, Gramado, 29020'S, 50053'W, Oct. 1997 (stam. fl), M. Sobral & C. Mird 8604 (holotype, ICN; isotypes, FLOR, MBM, MO, RB, SP, US). Figures 1, 2. Species nova V chamaedryfoliae proxima, a qua foliis non lobatis, pubescentibus, foliis et inflorescentiis longioribus distincta est. Dioecious, erect or occasionally prostrate, sympodially branching undershrubs or shrubs 0.5-1.5 m high. Twigs, leaves, and inflorescence axes pubescent with hyaline hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long. Leaves opposite, simple, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, discolored when dried, pilose on both faces, more densely so abaxially, 813 cm long and 2.2-3.7 cm wide; apex narrowly acuminate; base cuneate and decurrent along the pseudopetiole; central nerve adaxially plane or sulcate, abaxially salient; secondary nerves 4 to 6 (8) pairs, plane or sulcate above and salient below, the second air stronger than the others, the two first pai s sometimes diverging at a narrower angle than that of the other veins (about 300); margins irregularly serrate, with 16 to 25 teeth 4-6 mm long near the blade midpoint; pseudopetiole 6-10 x 12 mm, the leaf bases connate across stem node. Inflorescences in terminal panicles, the staminate ones 40-50 x ca. 30 cm, the pistillate ones 2030 x 10-18 cm, with 3 orders of branching to the ultimate dichasial units; bracts on the lower two nodes of the inflorescence 4-7 x 1.5-2.0 cm, simlar to the leaves but occasionally with a pair of eviden basal lobes, the other bracts much smaller, up to 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, acropetally diminishing in size. Bracteoles lanceolate, up to 0.4 x 0.2 mm. Flowers of both sexes sessile, pentamerous; calyx obsolete, generally reduced to a warty intumescence with no evident teeth at the base of the flowers, in some flowers hardly visible. Staminate flowers white, campanulate, 0.8-0.9 x 0.71.0 mm, the lobes acute, 0.4-0.5 x 0.4-0.5 mm; stamens 3, 1.0-1.2 mm long, the anthers globose, 0.3 x 0.2-0.3 mm, bithecal. Pistillate flowers NovoN 10: 149-152. 2000. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.120 on Mon, 05 Sep 2016 06:04:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

A New Leptochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) from Papua New Guinea and the Torres Strait Islands of Australia

Leptochloa simoniana N. Snow is newly described from Papua New Guinea and Boigu Island in the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. A key and tabular diagnosis are provided for L. simoniana and morphologically similar congeneric species. It most resembles the sub-Saharan species L. coerulescens. Its chief diagnostic features are the long-sericeous to arachnose hairs at the apex of the callus and the densely scabrous adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. The species is currently known from only three sites and is thus considered vulnerable. RESUMEN. Se describe Leptochloa simoniana N. Snow, una especie nueva de Paptia Nueva Guinea y de la Isla Boigu en el Estrecho de Torres, Queensland, Australia. Se proporcionan una clave y una diagnosis tabular para L. simoniana y especies congendricas morfol6gicamente similares. Es muy parecida a L. coerulescens, una especie del sub-Sahara. Se distingue principalmente por los tricomas largos a aracnoideos en la base de la lema. En actualidad la especie se conoce s61o de tres lugares y por lo tanto se la considera vulnerable. The eragrostoid genus Leptochloa P. Beauvois occurs worldwide from temperate to tropical regions and consists of some 40 taxa (Snow, 1997a, 1998a). All widespread annual species are considered weedy in agricultural situations (Hafliger & Scholz, 1981; Snow, 1997a), and some are anthropogenically transcending oceanic boundaries and becoming established on continents far beyond their normal range (Lazarides, 1980; Snow & Simon, 1999). This article describes a new species brought to my attention by the collector of the type material, Barbara Waterhouse, and brings to three the number of newly described species in the genus since 1997 (Snow & Simon, 1997; Snow, 1998b). Morphological attributes of herbarium material were measured and compared to known species of Leptochloa following Snow (1997a) under a phylogenetic species concept (Snow, 1997b). Descriptive terminology follows recommendations of the Systematics Association Committee (1962). Leptochloa simoniana N. Snow, sp. nov. TYPE: Australia. Queensland: Cook District, Boigu Island, Torres Strait, 9o13.89'S, 142'13.26'E, 31 Mar. 1998, B. M. Waterhouse & J. F Grimshaw BMW 4862 (holotype, BRI; isotypes, BO, BRI, CANB, GREE, K, L, LAE, MEL, MO, NAQS, NSW, QRS). Figure 1. Similis Leptochloae caerulerti autem paniculae ramis pluribus, pilis arachnoideis lemmatis basi, lemmatibus glumisque longioribus, vaginis dense scabris interdum pilos tuberculatos pilosos gerentibus, differt. Plants annual, caespitose. Culms erect, sometimes branching, arising from fibrous roots, 90-140 cm tall, 2.5-4.0 mm wide at base, round to laterally compressed; nodes glabrous but often glaucous; internodes glabrous, 6-20 cm long, hollow. Leaf sheaths somewhat flattened near ground, longer or shorter than internodes, prickles short but dense throughout, tuberculate pilose hairs sometimes present, margins glabrous; collars green, lacking anthocyanin pigmentation. Ligules membranous, 3-4 mm long, apex truncate and erose. Leaf blades + linear, 20-35 x 0.35-0.9 cm at base, densely scabrous throughout above and below, occasionally bearing a few tuberculate pilose hairs, flat but drying involute, remaining attached at base, midrib prominent above near base, less so elsewhere. Panicles narrow, inserted basally, exserted ca. 2/3 length or more, 45-75 x 2--10 cm; branches 6575, alternate or sub-whorled, ascending to steeply ascending, 5-10 cm long near base decreasing to 5 mm or less near apex, rigid to slightly flexuous, densely scabrous throughout and highly striate, axils glabrous. Spikelets 3(4)-flowered, laterally compressed, 3.0-3.4 mm long, imbricate ca. 1/5-1/2 their length, pedicels 0.5-1.0(-2.0) mm long. Glumes membranous, 1-nerved, narrowly triangular to narrowly ovate; lower glume 1.6-2.1 mm long, apex attenuate, scabrous with prickles on midnerve and sometimes laterally; upper glume 1.8-2.4 mm long, apex acute to attenuate and sometimes shortly mucronate, scabrous with prickles on midnerve and laterally. Lemmas 3-nerved, membranous, (lowermost) 2.3-2.7 mm long, ovate, green, sometimes tinged maroon or crimson, lateral nerves neither prominent nor distinctly raised abaxially, hairs sericeous to arachnose at very base and callus apex (up to 1.3 mm long) but becoming relatively short sericeous (< 0.5 mm long) apically along nerves (sometimes sparsely so), sometimes shortly sericeous between nerves in lower third, hair tips tapered (Snow, 1996); apex acute or slightly emarginate and sometimes shortly mucronate. Palea thinly membranous, subequal to ca. 2/3 lemmatal length, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, sericeous to arachnose along nerves; apex obtuse or NovoN 10: 238-241. 2000. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.255 on Tue, 24 May 2016 05:30:40 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

A New Species of Tapirira (Anacardiaceae) from Ecuador

Tapirira rubrinervis Barfod, sp. nov., is described from the coastal plain of Ecuador. It is easily distinguished from its congeners by the fewfoliolate leaves, the obovate, unequally sized leaflets, and the striking red venation of the lower surfaces of the leaflets. The variation in leaf morphology and phenology is discussed. RESUMEN. Se describe una especie nueva, Tapirira rubrinervis Barfod, de la regi6n costera de Ecuador. Se distingue fAcilmente de sus cong~neres por tener las hojas con pocos foliolos, los foliolos desiguales y obovados, con Ilamativa nervadura roja del env~s. Asimismo, se comenta la variaci6n en la morfologia de las hojas y su fenologia. A recent revision of Ecuadorian Anacardiaceae for the Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador (Jergensen & Le6n-Yinez, 1999) revealed a new species of Tapirira. Barfod (1987) described only two species of Tapirira in Flora of Ecuador: Tapirira guianensis Aublet, with two subspecies (Barfod, 1986), and T peckoltiana Engler, which should be correctly named T obtusa (Bentham) J. D. Mitchell (Mitchell, 1993). Since this flora treatment was published, T guianensis has been recorded several times west of the Andes in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Carchi, Ecuador. It has been found on the northern coastal plain along the upper tributaries of the Cayapas and Mira rivers. In the Cayapas river system, it is locally known as sajo de arriba, or sajo chi. Sajo is the name for Campnosperma panamense Standley, a rare simple-leaved species of Anacardiaceae growing near Borb6n (Little & Dixon, 1969). In 1993, I received for the first time material of an undescribed species of Tapirira growing along the Mira River and its tributaries in the province of Carchi, where it is locally known as cuilde. The congener T guianensis also occurs in that area. It is called cuilde blanco. There was little doubt that the new material represented a separate species, and it is described here based on nine collections. Although it has several very distinctive features, it is probably most closely related to Tapirira guianensis. Like this species it has chartaceous leaflets that are inconspicuously hairy beneath or glabrous. The flowers are typical for the

A New Species of Psychotria Subgenus Psychotria from Nicaragua

The new species Psychotria hamiltoniana C. M. Taylor is described based on recent collections from the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua; this species is related to R neillii C. W. Hamilton & Dwyer. RESUMEN. Se describe la especie nueva Psychotria hamiltoniana C. M. Taylor basada en colecciones reeientes de la costa caribena de Nicaragua; es affn a F! neillii C. W. Hamilton & Dwyer. During study of recent collections from the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, the following new species was discovered. It belongs to Psychotria L. subg. Psychotria, which was monographed for Central America by Hamilton (1989). The herbarium of the Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Nicaragua-Leon, where specimens of this new species are deposited, does not yet have an international acronym; it is here referred to as HULE. Psychotria hamiltoniana C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Nicaragua. Rio San Juan, municipio de E1 Castillo, Reserva Indio-Maiz, Cerro E1 Diablo, 11°O1'N, 84°12'W, 250 m, 9 Jan. 1997, R. Rueda, I. Coronado, O. Aurauz & lli: Flores 5618 (holotype, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua-Le6n (HULE); isotype, M04895236). Figure 1. Haec species a Psychotria neillii C. W. Hamilton & Dwyer foliorum majorum petiolis longioribus atque inflorescentiae axe breviore ac bracteis floralibus longioribus distinguitur. Shrubs and small trees to 3 m tall, flowering at 2.5 m tall; stems terete, densely short-pilosulous often becoming glabrescent with age. Leaves paired; blades oblanceolate to obovate or occasionally lanceolate, 14-31 cm long, S16 cm wide, at apex acute to acuminate with tips to 20 mm long, at base cordulate with sinus to 12 mm deep, papyraceous, adaxially glabrous, abaxially moderately to densely pilosulous, often more densely so along costa and secondary veins; secondary veins S18 pairs, ascending to spreading but less than 90°, usually at least weakly looping to interconnect in an undulating submarginal vein with 1-2(3) usually rather weak intersecondary veins present between pairs of secondary veins, adaxially the costa and remaining venation plane, abaxially the costa prominulous to prominent and the secondary veins and reticulated minor venation prominulous; petioles 39 cm long, densely short-pilosulous; stipules densely short-pilosulous, caducous or sometimes persisting on distalmost 1-2 nodes, interpetiolar, triangular to lanceolate, 18-34 mm long, acute to very shortly bifid, usually somewhat asymmetrical and twisted, with a thickened basal triangular portion. Inflorescences and flowers not seen. Infructescences terminal, erect, with peduncles 2.5-3 cm long; panicles subglobose, 3-7 x 2{S cm, with 23 sets of secondary axes, with the axes 46 per rank and unequal, with the remains of old flowers and developing fruits sessile in glomerules of 2-3 or usually separated along cymose branches; bracts all deltoid to ovate, 1.S2.5 mm long, acuminate; peduncle, axes, and bracts apparently green, densely short-pilosulous to hirtellous or the bracts often glabrescent; fruits ellipsoid, ca. 5 x 3 5 mm, not flattened laterally, pilosulous to hirtellous, orange to red, with the persistent calyx limb ca. mm long, puberulous to glabrescent, deeply lobed, lobes obtuse to rounded; pyrenes with 3-5 low, rounded to angled, longitudinal ridges. Distribution, phenology, and habitat. In wet forest at 120-250 m, southeastern Nicaragua. Collected in fruit in January, February, and December. This species is distinguished by its pilosulous pubescence on vegetative structures, red-blackdrying color, obovate to oblanceolate, petiolate leaves that are cordulate at the base, shortly pedunculate inflorescences with relatively short, unequal axes that are produced 4 6 per rank, bracts 1.5-2.5 mm long, fruits orange to red at maturity, and pyrenes dorsally with low longitudinal ridges or angles. Although flowers have not been seen, these characters clearly distinguish this species. Psychotria hamiltoniana belongs to Psychotria subg. Psychotria, and within this, to Group 1 of Hamilton (1989). Within Group 1 it is similar to F! neillii C. W. Hamilton & Dwyer, which can be distinguished by its leaves 8-18 x 3-7.5 cm, petioles 2W3 mm long, stipules S14 mm long, peduncles 3-10 cm long, bracts subtending inflorescence NOVON 9: 425-427. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.113 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 04:14:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms