Esophageal motility disorders (EMD) manifest clinically with the presence of dysphagia and/or chest pain related to swallowing. In order to diagnose it, it is necessary to first rule out organic causes that would explain these symptoms. In recent decades, the development of high-resolution manometry and its use in routine clinical practice has allowed for better characterization of esophageal motility disorders. The diagnostic criteria have been updated in recent years in the Chicago Classification v4.0, which establishes two large groups of motor disorders: those with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) and those with abnormal esophageal body contractility. The treatment of EMDs with EGJOO (the various presentations of achalasia and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction) is aimed at reducing the baseline pressure in this area. Various techniques are available for this, such as pneumatic balloon dilatation, endoscopic (POEM) and surgical myotomy (Heller myotomy), and, less frequently, the use of oral drugs and botulinum toxin injection. In the case of esophageal peristalsis disorders, the goal of treatment is to control symptoms. To do so, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used in patients with associated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and, in the case of disorders associated with hypercontractility, other drugs such as nitrates or calcium channel blockers and, occasionally, low-dose tricyclic antidepressants may be used.