Blood Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Research Articles

Pengaruh penundaan pemeriksaan terhadap laju endap darah pada sampel darah EDTA

Introduction: Blood is an essential component of living organisms, ranging from primitive animals to humans. Under physiological conditions, blood always remains within blood vessels to carry out its functions (Bakta, 2020). The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), also known as blood sedimentation rate, is an examination to determine the rate at which erythrocytes settle in non-coagulated blood (blood containing anticoagulants) in a vertical tube over a specific period. The Westergren method for ESR measurement is the most satisfactory method currently used in hospitals and clinics. This study aims to determine the difference in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate values between EDTA blood samples examined immediately and those delayed for 3 hours at room temperature. Method: This analytical descriptive research compares the results of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate examinations conducted immediately and those delayed for 3 hours using the Westergren method at room temperature. The study involved 30 samples obtained from outpatient and inpatient patients by venous blood collection. Findings: The statistical analysis using Paired t-Test showed that the P Value was 0.00 (P < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between immediate and delayed examinations for 3 hours at room temperature using the Westergren method. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is recommended to conduct Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate examinations with EDTA blood samples immediately as it is more effective.

Efficacy of the Coordinative compound of Aluminium and N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-anthranilic (mefenamic) acid on the Model of Chronic Alcohol-Induced Pancreatitis

The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of the innovative coordinative compound of aluminium and N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-anthranilic (mefenamic) acid (CCAA, possessing hepatoprotective and antioxidative activity) on the model of chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis in rats (Lieber–DeCarli isocaloric alcohol liquid diet for 10 weeks + LPS administration once a week for the three last weeks, 3 mg/kg intravenously). CCA was administered for 21 days at doses of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg intragastrically. Leucocyte content in the peripheral blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, basal glycemia, total lipids level, α-amylase and pancreatic elastase activity in blood serum and the duodenal contents as well as histological structure of the pancreas were evaluated. In the blood serum and the homogenate of the pancreas, glutathione content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. The dose-dependent normalizing effect of CCAA was registered by the influence on the non-specific inflammatory markers, pancreatic exocrine function, and cytoarchitectonics of the pancreas (the highest efficacy – at a dose of 120 mg/kg). The normalizing influence on the prooxidant-antioxidant balance markers was not dose-dependent with an especially significant normalizing influence on SOD activity. The results substantiate expanding indications for the of the studied drug.

Effects of occupational exposure on the hematologic parameters among welders

Introduction: The effect of prolonged exposure to welding fumes on blood levels remains an unresolved question. In our study, we aimed to determine the effects of metal fume exposure on various blood parameters in welders. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional. It included all male welding workers admitted to a health institution, a reference hospital for occupational diseases, for 2021. It was conducted with 254 individuals. The variables examined included age, duration of employment, smoking habit, body mass index, hemoglobin levels, erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet counts, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, free prostate-specific antigen, creatinine and manganese levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Results: In our study, 40.6% of the welders were between 21-30 years old. 65.7% of the participants have been welding for more than five years. According to body-mass index values, 44.1% of the participants were pre-obese, and 16.9% were obese. 63.8% of the participants were smokers. In 35.8% of participants, hyperglycemia was present, and polycythemia was present in 27.2%. When blood parameters were analyzed, fasting blood glucose, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and sedimentation rate were lower in those who worked less than five years than those who worked five years or more. The difference was statistically significant. In blood test results, leukocyte, glucose, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and sedimentation rate values in welders were correlated with total working time. Conclusion: Welders in our study had a high prevalence of smoking, overweight, and obesity. Working time is correlated with liver enzyme levels and fasting blood glucose values. For healthier workers, employers should fulfill their responsibilities for occupational health and safety.

Acute physiological responses and muscle recovery in females: a randomised controlled trial of muscle damaging exercise in hypoxia

BackgroundStudies have investigated the effects of training under hypoxia (HYP) after several weeks in a male population. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the acute hypoxic effects on physiology and muscle recovery in a female population.MethodsThis randomized-controlled trial aimed to investigate the acute effects of muscle damaging exercise, performed in HYP and normoxia (CON), on physiological responses and recovery characteristics in healthy females. Key inclusion criteria were recreationally active female participants between the age of 18 to 35 years without any previous surgeries and injuries, whilst key exclusion criteria were acute pain situations, pregnancy, and medication intake. The females conducted a muscle-damaging protocol, comprising 5 × 20 drop-jumps, in either HYP (FiO2: 12%) or CON (FiO2: 21%). Physiological responses, including capillary oxygenation (SpO2), muscle oxygenation (SmO2), heart rate (HR), core- (Tcore) and skin- (Tskin) temperature were assessed at the end of each exercise set. Recovery characteristics were quantified by taking venous blood samples (serum creatine-kinase [CK], C-reactive protein [CRP] and blood sedimentation rate [BSR]), assessing muscle swelling of the quadriceps femoris muscle, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensor muscles, countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and muscle soreness ratings (DOMS) at 24-, 48- and 72-hrs post-exercise.ResultsSpO2 (HYP: 76.7 ± 3.8%, CON: 95.5 ± 1.7%, p < 0.001) and SmO2 (HYP: 60.0 ± 9.3, CON: 73.4 ± 5.8%, p = 0.03) values were lower (p < 0.05) in HYP compared to CON at the end of the exercise-protocol. No physiological differences between HYP and CON were observed for HR, Tcore, and Tskin (all p > 0.05). There were also no differences detected for any recovery variable (CK, CRP, BSR, MVIC, CMJ, and DOMS) during the 72-hrs follow-up period between HYP and CON (all p > 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, our results showed that muscle damaging exercise under HYP leads to reduced capillary and muscle oxygenation levels compared to normoxia with no difference in inflammatory response and muscle recovery during 72 h post-exercise.Trial registrationNCT04902924, May 26th 2021.

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of the nootropic drug Actitropil (fonturacetam) in the treatment of asthenic syndrome

Background. Asthenia is one of the most common symptoms in the clinical practice of a doctor of any specialty. This is due to the high incidence of this pathology: in patients with chronic somatic diseases from 45% to 90%, with an acute pathological process – about 55%. There are no uniform standards for the treatment of asthenic disorder; however, the basis for the medical correction of this pathology is nootropic drugs.&#x0D; Aim. To study the clinical efficacy and safety of the nootropic drug Actitropil (fonturacetam) in patients with various types of asthenic disorder.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The observational clinical program included 50 patients (average age 43.22±14.60) with asthenic symptoms. Patients received Actitropil (fonturacetam) at a dose of 200 mg per day, divided into two doses. The duration of therapy was 30 days, the total duration of follow-up was 60 days. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated before and after the course of therapy, as well as in the delayed period according to the scales of asthenia MFI-20, well-being, activity, mood SAN, anxiety and depression HADS (part 1), sleep quality Spiegel, quality of life EQoL-5D-3L. Patients' satisfaction with the treatment and tolerability of therapy were also assessed on 5-point scales; adverse events were recorded and the number of patients with good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory treatment results was calculated based on the subjective assessment of the subjects. Blood parameters analysis was used as laboratory assessment methods: erythrocytes, leukocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood sedimentation rate, total protein, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin and thrombin time, prothrombin, international normalised ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen.&#x0D; Results and conclusion. The results of the study showed high efficacy (98%) and safety of the use of Actitropil (absence of adverse events, low adverse events level during the course of treatment, no negative effect on liver function, blood coagulation and carbohydrate metabolism) in the treatment of various types of asthenic syndrome, including those associated with comorbid diseases. There is a significant therapeutic effect of Actitropil on concomitant symptoms of asthenia: anxiety, sleep status and quality of life. The antiasthenic effect of the drug does not differ depending on age and increases in the delayed period.

РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК У ДЕТЕЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ АЛГОРИТМОВ МАШИННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ

Background. Diagnosis of early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global challenge, as late-stage disease is more commonly diagnosed. The development of modeling methods for making management decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of early diagnosis of CKD is an important scientific and practical task, which can be greatly supported by the use of machine learning algorithms (MLA). Aim. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis of CKD using data from history, clinical-instrumental, genetic examination and machine learning algorithms (MLA). Methods. Data were obtained from a single-center retrospective catamnestic cohort study (2011–2022) of children with CKD stage 1–4 aged 1 to 17 years. The main group included 128 children with CKD, and the comparison group included 30 children without any kidney disease. Two groups were comparable by sex and age. The data of anamnesis, clinical-instrumental and genetic examination were used to build a model for CKD diagnosis. The model was built using the MLA multivariate logistic regression (MLR). Three variables were used in the model: erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood (β = 0,392; p&lt;0,001); erythrocytes in urine (β = 1,225; p&lt;0,001); and asthenic physique (β = 5,792; p&lt;0,001). Results. A diagnostics model was obtained allowing prediction of CKD on a test sample with accuracy of 90,3% [80,6; 96,8], sensitivity of 92,0% [81,5; 100,0], specificity of 83,3% [50,0; 100,0], ROC-AUC = 90,0% [77,2; 100,0]. The resulting model is of excellent quality (&gt;90%) as the ROC-AUC is 0,90 on the test sample. The cut-off point value of the probability of CKD is 0,25. Conclusions. We developed and tested the model that diagnoses early-stage CKD in children with high accuracy

Study of socio-clinical risk factors and assessment of metabolic syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With polycystic ovary syndrome

Background and Aims: More than 1.55 million women of reproductive age have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the world; PCOS is an important disease threatens public health, linked to psychological, metabolic, and reproductive problems. The aim of our work was an evaluation of some risk factors, oxidative stress and Cardiovascular Risk among PCOS Women in El-Oued region. Methods: Our risk factor study was conducted on a group of 200 women who were diagnosed by specialized doctors (100 healthy and 100 polycystic ovaries), with 50 women volunteering to provide blood and saliva samples to study the blood glucose, Atherogenic index, lipids profile, hematological and oxidative stress markers. Results: About risk factors study, our results showed that the high levels of Psychological distress, Menstrual fluctuation and year of taking pills are the most dangerous factors (OR=3.11; OR=9.205; OR=5.940) respectively. Our result demonstrated a significant increase (P &gt; 0.05) in blood glucose, total cholesterol, Triglycerides, VLDL, Atherogenic index and sedimentation rate, MDA and SOD levels and a significant decreased (P &gt; 0.01) in HDL, WBC (P &lt; 0.000), MCV (P &lt; 0.05) HGB, RBC, CMH, CMH level in women with PCOS patients as compared to controls. Conclusions: In conclusion, several social and nutritional factors contributed to the spread and development of PCOS in El-Oued region. In addition to a change in blood components, lipid profile Atherogenic index and their relationship to oxidative stress, which contributes to metabolic syndrome development and the occurrence of cardiovascular complication in women with PCOS.

Significance of inflammatory markers in primary Fibromyalgia syndrome and their relation in assessing the disease severity

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by diffuse chronic musculoskeletal pain associated with various other symptoms. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of FMS are still unclear, it was reported to have a possible inflammatory basis. No laboratory marker is currently available to diagnose the disease. This study aimed to search for biomarkers useful in diagnosis of FMS. We assessed blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), as inflammatory markers in primary FMS patients and their relationship with disease severity and depression scores. The study included 30 FMS patients, diagnosed according to the 2010 ACR (American Colleague of Rheumatology) criteria and 30 normal volunteers as a control group. FMS patients filled out the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Score (MADRS) as well. There was a significant difference in the studied parameters including ESR, CRP, NLR, MPV between study patients and control groups (p&lt;0.05 for all). However, PDW did not differ between the two study groups. Based on our study findings, we can conclude that serum levels of the tested inflammatory markers including ESR, CRP, NLR, and MPV were higher in patients than in controls which makes them of good diagnostic value in patients with fibromyalgia. Meanwhile, some of these markers, mainly the acute phase reactants, have a positive relation with disease severity and depression scores, which in turn affect the quality of daily living.

Acute toxicity and therapeutic application of Zizyphus lotus and Ruta chalepensis phenolic extracts in treatment of gastroenteritis induced by Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae

This study aimed to evaluate the antigastroenteritis effect against Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae after therapeutic application of hydromethanolic extracts (MeOH.E) and aqueous extracts (Aq.E) of Zizyphus lotus (ZL) and Ruta chalepensis (RC). Acute oral toxicity was elucidated using in vivo methods and antigastroenteritis effect were evaluated using S. enterica subsp. arizonae-induced diarrheal model. Furthermore, test groups were treated with 400 mg/kg of the MeOH.E and Aq.E of each plant, while the control group was given neomycin (200 mg/kg) as standard antibiotic treatment, positive and negative controls were given the infectious germ (4 × 106 cells/mL) and 0.9% saline solution NaCl (10 ml/kg), respectively. Both plants extracts showed no toxicity for all the animals, so the LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Moreover, an important bactericidal effect, using both plants extracts was determined against S. enterica subsp. arizonae cells in the intestine. In parallel, a decrease in alkaline phosphatase, amino alanine transferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels was observed with reduction in blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all treated animals. Thus, these results could be exploited in the medical field for the formulation of potent antibacterial drugs that cure severe gastrointestinal infections.

Relationship Between a Levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (Ast), Alanine Aminotransferase (Alt), Sedimentation Rate of Blood (Led) and Interleukin (Il)-6 in Patients with Tuberculosis (Tb) and Latent After 2 Months Treatment of Tuberculosis (Tb)

The aims to determine the relationship between aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Blood Sedimentation Rate (LED) and Interleukin (IL)-6 levels. The methods used are Laboratory Observation, Enzymatic Thermo Scientific Indiko, Ves Matic Easy, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The samples in this study were tuberculosis and latent after 2 months of treatment, the samples used were 30 samples, statistic tests were normality tests with Shapiro Wilk and Independent sample tests. The results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, blood sedimentation rate (LED) levels, interleukin (IL)-6 levels in tuberculosis patients and latent after 2 months of treatment obtained significant results. At alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in tuberculosis patients and normal latent is not significant. There is a relationship with the results of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) examination, blood sedimentation rate (LED), interleukin (IL)-6 in tuberculosis (TB) patients and latent after 2 months of tuberculosis (TB) treatment.

Left atrial remodeling in adolescents with obesity evaluated by speckle-tracking echocardiography.

In adolescents with obesity, a left atrial (LA) enlargement has been reported. However, data regarding its function and its stiffness are missing. The aim of this study was to describe LA morphology and function, using speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) and to explore their potential determinants in adolescents with obesity. Twenty-eight adolescent women with obesity (13.2 ± 1.4 yr) with an illness duration of 130 ± 27 months and 33 controls (14.1 ± 2.0 yr) underwent a resting echocardiography including an analysis of left ventricular (LV) and LA morphologies and strains. A fasting venous blood sample was performed to biochemical determinations including inflammation markers. LA volume and stiffness index were increased in adolescents with obesity compared to controls. LA reservoir, conduit and booster pump functions were not different between groups. By stepwise forward multivariate regression analyses, systolic blood pressures, cardiac output and sedimentation rate were the independent determinants of LA volume (p < 0.0001, β-coefficient = 0.460) whereas only the body mass index was an independent determinant of LA stiffness (p = 0.003, β-coefficient = 0.413). In adolescents with obesity, we observed a specific LA remodeling, including higher volume and lower stiffness, which could constitute early signs of an altered LV diastolic function.

Hematological Status of Broilers with Addition Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) on Feed in Maintenance Without Vaccination

Pegagan (Centella asiatica), is a potential herbal plant as a supplement ingredient in feed. Because Pegagan contains various bioactive compounds such as triterpenoid saponins, triterpenoid genins, essential oils, flavonoids, phytosterols, and other components such as volatile oils, tannins, amino acids, and carbohydrates. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of giving Pegagan through feed on the hematological status of broilers reared without using vaccines. This study used 100 Day Old Chicks (DOC) which were reared for 35 days in a closed-house cage system. The feed used is commercial feed and Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban.) powder. Feed was given ad-libitum. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of 5 treatments, namely the concentration of Pegagan powder in the feed (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%) with 4 replicates and each replicate consisting of 5 chicks. The variables observed were Haematological Status including erythrocyte quality, hemoglobin, and blood sedimentation rate consisting of 3 parts, namely MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume, MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration, and MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)) and Leukocyte Profile including Heterophiles, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and monocytes were measured using the Automatic Hematology Analyzer method. Results, the addition of Pegagan powder to a treatment level of 2% in broiler feed and data analysis and ANOVA showed a very significant effect on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels but had no significant effect on RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. As well as having a very significant effect on the number of Leukocytes, Monocytes, and Eosinophils but no significant effect on Heterophiles, Basophils, and Lymphocytes. So, administrating Pegagan powder up to 2% in broiler feed can improve hematological status.

Correlation between Leukocyte Count and Blood Sedimentation Rate with C-Reactive Protein in Covid-19 Confirmed Patients at Gresik Regional General Hospital

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a new type of disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SAR-CoV-2) virus which was previously called Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov). The spread of Covid-19 is very fast and can cause death. The increase in the number of leukocytes is directly proportional to the clinical severity of Covid-19 patients, which begins with viral invasion of the respiratory tract, then the virus will attack target cells, causing an increase in interleukin-6 which is a polypeptide cytokine and c-reactive protein that will code for leukocyte proliferation. Inflammation is a mechanism to protect from various microorganisms, in the inflammatory process cells will release various pro-inflammatory cytokines including c-reactive protein and fibrinogen. This increase in fibrinogen causes high levels of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. This study aims to determine the relationship between the number of leukocytes and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate on the value of c-reactive protein in confirmed Covid-19 patients. This type of research uses a cross sectional design with purposive random sampling technique using secondary data. Data collection in this study was carried out in June 2022 at the RSUD Ibnu Sina Gresik Laboratory. Statistical test using Spearman correlation test. This study shows that there is a very strong relationship between the number of leukocytes and c-reactive protein (p = 0.000, r = 0.873) then there is a strong relationship between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c-reactive protein (p = 0.000, r = 0.659) in patients Covid-19.

Impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on blood count and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels: A prospective cohort study

The aim was to elucidate the magnitude of alterations in systemic blood counts in healthy patients during the first 14 days after fixed orthodontic appliance placement. This prospective cohort study consecutively included 35 White Caucasian patients starting orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. The mean age was 24.48 ± 6.68 years. All patients were physically and periodontally healthy. Blood samples were collected at 3 time points: (1) baseline (exactly before the placement of appliances), (2) 5 days after bonding, and (3) 14 days after baseline. Whole blood and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were analyzed in automated hematology and erythrocyte sedimentation rate analyzer. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were measured by the nephelometric method. Standardized sample handling and patient preparation procedures were adopted to reduce preanalytical variability. A total of 105 samples were analyzed. All clinical and orthodontic procedures were performed without complications or side effects during the study period. All laboratory procedures were performed per protocol. Significantly lower white blood cell counts were detected 5 days after bracket bonding, compared with baseline (P<0.05). Hemoglobin levels were lower at 14 days than baseline (P<0.05). No other significant shifts or alteration patterns were observed over time. Orthodontic fixed appliances led to a limited and transient change in white blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels during the first days after bracket placement. The fluctuation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels was not significant, demonstrating a lack of association between systemic inflammation and orthodontic treatment.

Serum zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein and insulin levels and their correlation with metabolic syndrome in patients with rosacea.

Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance may accompany rosacea. Zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine involved in lipid, glucose, and insulin metabolism and might be associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. To investigate the serum ZAG levels, presence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and the correlation between ZAG levels, rosacea severity, and metabolic syndrome in patients with rosacea. Seventy-nine patients with rosacea and 80 healthy volunteers were included. Anthropometric and demographic features, personal and family histories, clinical data, the subtype, severity, and duration of rosacea were recorded. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia were evaluated in both groups. Fasting blood sugar, lipid panel, C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, insulin, and serum ZAG levels were investigated. Frequency of metabolic syndrome, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in the rosacea group (p < 0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Frequency of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance did not significantly differ between the groups (p=0.175 and 0.694, respectively). The mean serum ZAG levels were lower in the rosacea group, but no significant difference was evident. In rosacea patients with metabolic syndrome, serum ZAG levels were significantly lower (p=0.043); however, serum ZAG levels, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance values were significantly higher (p=0.168, 0.013 and 0.001, respectively). Metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and high C-reactive protein levels were associated with rosacea indicating chronic systemic inflammation. ZAG levels were associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with rosacea but not associated with rosacea subtype and disease severity.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Hemoglobin Levels in Pesticide Poisoning-Farmers

Pesticides are chemicals used to control insects, fungi, weeds, and others. Unrestrained use of pesticides leads to poisoning that has an impact on inflammation and anemia. To provide evidence for this notion, acetylcholinesterase enzyme levels, blood sedimentation rates, and blood hemoglobin levels of farmers exposed to pesticides have been studied. The study design was quantitative in a cross-sectional manner. The participants of the study were all members of the Kurnia Makmur farmer group in Landasan Ulin Utara District, Banjarbaru with a total sample of 60 people. An examination of acetylcholinesterase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and hemoglobin enzyme levels was carried out at the Banjar Regency Health Lab. The blood sample was withdrawn from the cubital vein. Spectrophotometry was used to determine acetylcholinesterase enzyme levels, while ESR was determined by the automatic method. Hemoglobin levels are measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method. T-tests were used to compare acetylcholinesterase, ESR, and hemoglobin levels in the normal group and the poisoning group. The study concluded that exposure to a pesticide in farmers' pesticide poisoning may cause inflammation characterized by an increase in ERS. However, there was no decrease in hemoglobin levels.

Diagnostic efficiency of metagenomic next-generation sequencing on spinal infection and prognosis.

Spinal infection is a rare infectious disease that is difficult to treat. The incidence of spinal infection is on the rise with the experiential use of antibiotics, the increasing incidence of drug-resistant bacteria, and the improvement of detection techniques. Traditional detection methods have limitations such as low sensitivity and long time-consuming in the diagnosis of spinal infection. In the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spinal infection, it has always been the focus and difficulty to determine the type of pathogens and to use antibiotics in a targeted manner. Many patients in the early stage of spinal infection due to the limitations of traditional detection methods cannot be quickly and accurately diagnosed, resulting in diagnosis delay, missed the best treatment time, bringing disastrous consequences to patients. There is an urgent need for a high-specificity, high-sensitivity, and time-saving test technique in clinical practice, which can simultaneously distinguish and identify the pathogen of spinal infection. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a new frontier technology emerging in recent years. It can detect all known pathogens in samples and has been used to diagnose clinically atypical and rare infectious diseases. This study aims to analyze the sensitivity of mNGS technique in diagnosing pathogens after spinal infection and its effect on prognosis. Clinical data of 82 patients with spinal infection admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Peripheral blood erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were routinely performed before surgery, and focal tissue specimens were obtained during surgery. Microbial culture, histopathological examination, and mNGS detection were performed. All patients were assigned into a targeted medication group (n=71) and an experienced treatment group (n=1) based on the results of mNGS. After regular follow-up, the sensitivity of mNGS to detect pathogens of spinal infection and its effect on prognosis were evaluated. The positive rate of mNGS (86.59%, 71/82) was significantly higher than that of microbial culture (18.99%, 15/79) and PCT (30.23%, 13/43). There were no significant differences in preoperative temperature, white blood cell count, neutrophil ratio, and scores of Visual Analogue Scale between the targeted medication group and the experienced treatment group. Preoperative use of antibiotics had no significant effect on the positive rate of mNGS and microbial culture (P=0.681). According to the targeted medication group, postoperative CRP and ESR showed a decreasing trend, and the ESR was significantly lower than that of the experienced treatment group at 30 days follow-up (P=0.044). Compared with the microbial culture or PCT, mNGS has a higher sensitivity rate to detect pathogens of spinal infection. Patients receiving targeted antibiotics based on the results of mNGS have better outcomes than those receiving the experienced medicine.

Clinical aspects of diarrhea during the pandemia of COVID-19

The aim. To investigate the clinical peculiarities of adult patients with diarrheal syndrome, associated with coronavirus infection COVID-19.The materials and methods. There has been carried out the analysis of 56 patients aged 26-81 years, hospitalized with acute enteric infection at the Municipal Infectious Diseases Hospital №8 (not reprofiled as hospital for the treatment of coronavirus infection COVID-19 patients) in the course of August 2020 – February 2021 and the patients with cause-effect relationship with COVID-19. There have been used the routine diagnostic methods, the analysis of feces for causative agents of diarrhea was tested by the methods of bacteriological and immunoenzymatic analysis, the analysis of feces for toxins A and B Clostridium difficile was tested method of immunochromatographic assay; the blood serum was tested by method of immunoenzymatic analysis and the analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs was tested by immunochromatographic assay and PCR test for markers SARS-COV-2. The statistical material treatment has been done using Statistical Package of IBM SPSS Statistics-22.The results. There have been registered 51,8% of cases – diarrhea as one of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in adult patients (the first group of patients), in 48,2% of cases – diarrhea as a result of recently treated COVID-19 and a massive course of antibiotics (the second group of patients). In the second group 12 patients have been diagnosed with clostridial infection, 15 patients – with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There has been registered the main severity of clinical manifestations in patients with clostridial infection. The disease being characterized by severity of colitis syndrome, the blood sedimentation rate increasing, hyperleukocytosis in haemogram, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The aggravating factors are combined comorbidity and patients aged over 55 years.The conclusion. There should be used the differential approach for diarrheal syndrome in patients with coronavirus infection. Taking into account the massive course antibiotics’ side effects, the analysis of feces for pathogenic flora must be included into the medical examinations such as Clostridium difficile and the course of probiotic and anticlostridial medicines should be done.

HUBUNGAN BIOMARKER INFLAMASI C-REAKTIF PROTEIN DENGAN LAJU ENDAP DARAH PADA PASIEN TERKONFIRMASI COVID-19

Abstract: China country. It spreads very quickly, namely through physical contact through the nose, mouth, and eyes, and develops in the lungs (C-Reactive Protein). CRP is an acute phase protein synthesized in the liver for non-specific monitoring of local and systemic disease. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is the rate at which erythrocytes settle in a vertical tube. Research has been carried out to determine the title of the relationship between C-Reactive Protein Levels and Blood Sedimentation Rates in Covid-19 Confirmed Patients. Samples in this study were 60 samples. Then it was found that there were 45 men with a percentage (58.3 %) and a female sex with a percentage of 25 people (41.7 %), and the average c-reactive protein level 477.63 mg/dl and the sedimentation rate was 3.258,33 mm /hour. Then the results of statistical tests obtained results of 0.001 &lt; 0.05. the conclusion is that there is a relationship between levels of c-reactive protein and levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients suspected of covid-19 with sufficient correlation criteria.Keywords: Corona virus, CRP levels, LED

Identifying and analyzing the effects of electric fields on erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Introduction: The influence of electric field on the nature of blood flow and cells is controversial. Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) examination is a recommended approach to diagnose a few health conditions such as polymyalgia rheumatic and temporal arteritis. Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of electric field on ESR of human male and female blood samples. Method: Healthy blood samples were exposed with electric field (in-vitro) with various exposure intensities. The Westergren method used to examine ESR in-vitro. Results: An increase of ESR was shown in blood samples of both genders at low to high exposure intensities. Female blood samples got a higher ESR than that of male blood samples at low exposure filed. However, that trend turned to opposite at high exposure electric field. Compare to untreated blood samples, the largest rate of ERS variation, for male and female blood samples, were about 140% versus a 135% respectively due to 72 V/m of exposure. Conclusion: Consequently, electric field produces an influence on the blood red cells sedimentation depending on the exposure intensity. References ALI, F. M., S. MOHAMED, W. &amp; MOHAMED, M. R. 2003. Effect of 50 Hz, 0.2 mT magnetic fields on RBC properties and heart functions of albino rats. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 24, 535-545. BASKURT, O. K. &amp; MEISELMAN, H. J. 2013. Erythrocyte aggregation: basic aspects and clinical importance. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, 53, 23-37. BRIGDEN, M. L. 1999. Clinical utility of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. American family physician, 60, 1443-1450. FERNANDES, H. P., CESAR, C. L. &amp; BARJAS-CASTRO, M. D. L. 2011. Electrical properties of the red blood cell membrane and immunohematological investigation. Revista brasileira de hematologia e hemoterapia, 33, 297-301. IINO, M. 1997. Effects of a homogeneous magnetic field on erythrocyte sedimentation and aggregation. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 18, 215-222. JUUTILAINEN, J. &amp; LAHTINEN, T. 1985. Effects of low frequency electric fields on the sedimentation rate of human blood. Preliminary observations. International journal of biometeorology, 29, 243-252. KIZILOVA, N., BATYUK, L. &amp; BARANETS, V. Human red blood cell properties and sedimentation rate: a biomechanical study. The International Conference of the Polish Society of Biomechanics, 2018. Springer, 3-22. MUSTAFA, B. T., YABA, S. &amp; ISMAIL, A. H. Impacts of In Vivo Exposure Static Magnetic Field to Blood Viscosity. Materials Science Forum, 2020a. Trans Tech Publ, 369-378. MUSTAFA, B. T., YABA, S. P. &amp; ISMAIL, A. H. 2020b. Influence of the static magnetic field on red blood cells parameters and platelets using tests of CBC and microscopy images. Biomedical Physics &amp; Engineering Express, 6, 025004. MUSTAFA, B. T., YABA, S. P. &amp; ISMAIL, A. H. 2019. A review of the Effects of Magnetic Field on main blood cells: in vivo and in vitro experiments. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 31, 40-50. SOX JR, H. C. &amp; LIANG, M. H. 1986. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Guidelines for rational use. Annals of internal medicine, 104, 515-523. VENNAPUSA, B., DE LA CRUZ, L., SHAH, H., MICHALSKI, V. &amp; ZHANG, Q.-Y. 2011. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measured by the Streck ESR-Auto Plus is higher than with the Sediplast Westergren method: a validation study. American journal of clinical pathology, 135, 386-390. YAMAGISHI, A. 1990. Biological systems in high magnetic field. Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 90, 43-46.