Erythrocyte Membrane Integrity Research Articles

Erythrocyte Oxidative Status in People with Obesity: Relation to Tissue Losses, Glucose Levels, and Weight Reduction.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of reductions in various body mass components on the erythrocyte oxidative status and glycemic state of people with obesity (PWO). A total of 53 PWO followed a six-month individualized low-calorie diet with exercise, during which anthropometric, biochemical, and oxidative parameters were measured. The participants were divided into groups based on weight (W), visceral fat area (VFA), total body water (TBW), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) losses, as well as normoglycemia (NG) and hyperglycemia (HG). Weight reduction normalized glycemia and influenced erythrocyte enzyme activity. Regardless of the tissue type lost (VFA, TBW, or SMM), glutathione peroxidase activity decreased in all groups, accompanied by an increase in glutathione reductase activity. Lipofuscin (LPS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations decreased regardless of the type of tissue lost. The α-/γ-tocopherol ratio increased in those losing >10% body weight, >15% VFA, and >5% TBW. In the NG group, compared to the HG group, there was a decrease in glutathione peroxidase and an increase in glutathione reductase, with these changes being stronger in the HG group. The LPS and MDA concentrations decreased in both groups. Significant correlations were observed between glucose reduction and changes in catalase, retinol, and α-tocopherol, as well as between VFA reduction and changes in vitamin E, L-LPS, and the activities of L-GR and L-GST. This analysis highlights the complex interactions between glucose metabolism, oxidative state, and erythrocyte membrane integrity, crucial for understanding diabetes and its management. This study shows the significant metabolic adaptability of erythrocytes in response to systemic changes induced by obesity and hyperglycemia, suggesting potential therapeutic targets to improve metabolic health in obese individuals.

Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of a Crude Polysaccharide Derived from Green Seaweed Halimeda tuna: Computational and Experimental Evidences.

In this study, we investigated for the first time the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of crude polysaccharide (PSHT) extracted from green marine algae Halimeda tuna. PSHT exhibited anti-oxidant activity in vitro through scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl free radical, reducing Fe3+/ferricyanide complex, and inhibiting nitric oxide. PSHT maintained the erythrocyte membrane integrity and prevented hemolysis. Our results also showed that PSHT exerted a significant anti-edematic effect in vivo by decreasing advanced oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde levels and increasing the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat's paw model and erythrocytes. Interestingly, PSHT increased the viability of murine RAW264.7 macrophages and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells by decreasing pro-inflammatory molecule levels, including nitric oxide, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Our findings indicate that PSHT could be used as a potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemolytic, and anti-oxidant agent. These results could be explained by the computational findings showing that polysaccharide building blocks bound both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and TNF-α with acceptable affinities.

Evaluation of Oxidant/Antioxidant Markers, Cytokines, DNA Damage and Trace Mineral Levels in Goats Naturally Single and Co-Infected with Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis

The impact of co-infections with Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis on caprine health is very limited knowledge and is rarely documented in the literature. Türkiye is endemic for tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing a risk of co-infections in goats. To evaluate the impact of single and co-infection with T. ovis and A. ovis on caprine health, four groups of goats were examined: healthy goats, goats infected with T. ovis, goats infected with A. ovis and goats co-infected with both species. Sera from blood samples was tested for oxidant/antioxidant markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (KAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST)], cytokines [interleukins (IL)-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], DNA damage [8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] and trace minerals [( copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium ( Se)]. MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 levels, CAT and GST enzyme activities were found to be significantly increased in both Theileria ovis and Anaplasma ovis single- and co-infections (P<0.05). In goats, single and co-infected with A. ovis showed a statistically significant increase in SOD enzyme activity compared to goats infected only with T. ovis (P<0.05). In goats co-infected with A. ovis and T. ovis, considerable decrease in GPx enzyme activity were observed (P<0.05). Zn and Se levels in single infected with A. ovis indicated a significant decrease. Also, Cu, Zn, and Se levels in co-infected animals decreased significantly (P<0.05). Significant increase in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in goats with single and double infections indicates impaired erythrocyte membrane integrity due to oxidative stress. Moreover, increased proinflammatory cytokine concentrations in all groups indicate that a high degree of systemic inflammation is induced during parasitaemia.

Erythrocyte membrane integrity and protein activity in high-fat diet fed male Wistar rats

Erythrocyte membrane integrity and protein activity in high-fat diet fed male Wistar rats

Development, evaluation, pharmacokinetic and biodistribution estimation of resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for prostate cancer targeting

Background and aim The study was to extend systemic circulation and biological half-life (t1/2) of trans-resveratrol (RSV) using solid lipid nanoparticles (RSV-SLN) to improve its anti-cancer potential. Methods RSV-SLN was prepared by solvent emulsification evaporation technique and proceeded for evaluation like particle size, PDI, zeta potential, in vitro release, in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular internalisation, haemolysis and erythrocyte membrane integrity, platelet aggregation and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Moreover, cancer cells accumulation of RSV-SLN also needs to be evaluated for proving their targeting ability. Result Prepared SLN showed 126.85 ± 12.09 nm particle size, −24.23 ± 3.27 mV Zeta potential and 74.67 ± 4.76%. release at 48 h and haemocompatible. The cellular internalisation image showed the SLN reach in a cytoplasm and nucleus of PC3 prostate cells. RSV-SLN exhibited high t1/2 (8.22 ± 1.36 h) and 7.19 ± 0.69 h MRT (Mean residence time) and lower clearance i.e. 286.42 ± 13.64 mL/min/kg. The bio-distribution of RSV-SLN was found to be extremely high in prostate cells and accumulate 7.56 times greater than that of RSV solution. Conclusion The developed RSV-SLN can be applied as potential carrier for delivery of drug of chemotherapeutics at an extend systemic circulation and targeting efficiency at tumour site.

Genotoxicity and in vitro investigation of Gefitinib-loaded polycaprolactone fabricated nanoparticles for anticancer activity against NCI-H460 cell lines

For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, a BCS class II drug, Gefitinib, was widely used. Due to poor bioavailability, uncontrollable drug release, Gefitinib witnessed side effects. To circumvent such associated problems, optimized Gefitinib encapsulated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles with three different molecular weights of PCL (average Mn∼10,000, Mn∼45,000 & Mn∼80,000) were developed using Box–Behnken design while understanding the influence of critical process parameters of the nanoparticles. For morphological characterizations, SEM, TEM, AFM were used. Hemocompatibility, platelet aggregation, and erythrocyte membrane integrity tests were used to test nanoparticles for biocompatibility; excellent biocompatibility was reported during these tests. The in-vitro drug release studies confirmed that Gefitinib-PCL10,000NPs, Gefitinib-PCL45,000NPs, and Gefitinib-PCL80,000 NPs, show significant initial burst effects, and later nanoparticles possessed zero-order kinetics. The genotoxicity of PCL nanoparticles was assessed by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, indicating DNA damage in NCI-H460 cell and micronuclei and nuclear buds’ formation. Further, reactive oxygen species studies, MTT cytotoxicity assays at 24 & 48 h, stability, in-vitro cellular uptake of optimized fluorescent Gefitinib PCL80,000NPs, and apoptosis studies were also carried out. As a result, investigating stable Gefitinib-loaded poly-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles could open up new research avenues, potentially lowering side effects and improving Gefitinib's profile in the treatment of NSCLC.

MEMBRANE STABILIZING EFFECT AND ANTI-SICKLING POTENTIALS OF Trametes hirsuta (HAIRY BRACKET MUSHROOM) EXTRACT ON HUMAN HbS ERYTHROCYTES

The role of fungi based nutraceuticals in the treatment and management of Sickle cell has been under exploited and thus necessitates for more research. This research, studies the potential of decoction extract of Trametes hirsuta mushroom in lysis reduction and stabilization of erythrocyte membrane integrity. Freshly harvested, washed and air-dried T. Hirsuta was ground and 1.5 dm3 of distilled water was added to 1.5 kg of the ground mushroom. The filtrate obtained after boiling for 30 min. and cooling for 2 hrs was dried using an autodesicator to give decoction extract. Volumes of 5.0 mg/mL, 10.0 mg/mL and 15.0 mg/mL of the extract were obtained via serial dilutions, while HbS erythrocytes were obtained by centrifuging 5.0 mL of HbS-blood mixed in 5.0 mL of 0.9 % physiological saline. HbS erythrocytes treated with 15 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL had the highest and the lowest lysis at 50% mark. Lowest median corpuscular fragility was observed in erythrocytes suspended in 10.0 mg/mL of extract, while negative percentage stability were observed in erythrocytes suspended in 10.0 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL of extract. The control had the highest hemoglobin polymerization, while morphological stability was highest (89.40 + 4.61 %) after 5 min. of culturing in 10.0 mg/mL of extract. The ability of this mushroom extract to stabilize erythrocyte membrane integrity and reduce the progression of lysis shows that this mushroom can be exploited as a possible nutraceutical means in both the management and treatment of sickle cell anemia and its associated crises.

Mitapivat increases ATP and decreases oxidative stress and erythrocyte mitochondria retention in a SCD mouse model

Polymerization of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (HbS) leads to erythrocyte sickling. Enhancing activity of the erythrocyte glycolytic pathway has anti-sickling potential as this reduces 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and increases ATP, factors that decrease HbS polymerization and improve erythrocyte membrane integrity. These factors can be modulated by mitapivat, which activates erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PKR) and improves sickling kinetics in SCD patients. We investigated mechanisms by which mitapivat may impact SCD by examining its effects in the Townes SCD mouse model. Control (HbAA) and sickle (HbSS) mice were treated with mitapivat or vehicle. Surprisingly, HbSS had higher PKR protein, higher ATP, and lower 2,3-DPG levels, compared to HbAA mice, in contrast with humans with SCD, in whom 2,3-DPG is elevated compared to healthy subjects. Despite our inability to investigate 2,3-DPG-mediated sickling and hemoglobin effects, mitapivat yielded potential benefits in HbSS mice. Mitapivat further increased ATP without significantly changing 2,3-DPG or hemoglobin levels, and decreased levels of leukocytosis, erythrocyte oxidative stress, and the percentage of erythrocytes that retained mitochondria in HbSS mice. These data suggest that, even though Townes HbSS mice have increased PKR activity, further activation of PKR with mitapivat yields potentially beneficial effects that are independent of changes in sickling or hemoglobin levels.

Ginkgo biloba Supplement Reverses Lead (II) Acetate-Induced Haematological Imbalances, Hepatic and Renal Dysfunctions in Male Wistar Rat.

Lead is a heavy metal abundant in nature that causes haematological imbalances, and hepatic and renal dysfunction, and this imbalance has been linked to oxidative stress. Several reports have shown that natural products are implicated in ameliorating metal poisonings. Ginkgo biloba is a flavonoid-rich natural herbal supplement with several pharmacological properties. The present study investigated effect of Ginkgo biloba supplement (GBS) on lead-induced toxicity. Animals were given a lead dose of 25mg/kg for 14days orally and then given Ginkgo biloba supplements of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg orally for 14days. Animals given GBS had significantly improved haematological and rheological parameters. GBS showed a protective impact in terms of improved kidney and liver histology, anti-oxidant enzyme activity (CAT, SOD, GSH, and MDA), organ function indices, and a lower rate of erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Conclusively, Ginkgo biloba supplementation attenuated lead toxicity by normalization of haematological imbalances, and hepatic and renal dysfunction as well as maintaining erythrocyte membrane integrity.

Human Hemoglobin S Erythrocyte-Stabilizing and Antisickling Potential of Extract of Wood Ear Mushroom, Auricularia auricula (Agaricomycetes).

The increased prevalence and mortality of sickle cell disease necessitates more research on its management and treatment. This study investigated the antisickling potential of Auricularia auricula obtained from its natural environment within the University of Port Harcourt in Nigeria. Freshly harvested mushrooms were washed, air-dried, and ground and distilled water was added. The mixture was divided into two parts; one part was extracted by cold maceration and lyophilized to give cold maceration extract, while the filtrate obtained after boiling and cooling of the second part was dried in an autodesiccator to give decoction extract. Volumes of both extracts were obtained via serial dilution. Sickle cell hemoglobin S (HbS) erythrocytes were obtained by centrifuging HbS-blood in 0.9% physiological saline. The percentage of lysis decreased when 10 and 5 mg/mL of both extracts were added to erythrocytes suspended in hypotonic buffered saline, while the lowest median corpuscular fragility was observed for cold maceration extract at 5 mg/mL. The lowest negative percentage of stability and highest morphological stability were observed for decoction extract at 10 and 5 mg/mL after 5 min of culturing in decoction extract, respectively. The ability of A. auricula extracts (mainly the decoction extract) to reverse and stabilize erythrocyte membrane integrity and morphology is a clear indication that this mushroom may offer a valuable natural option for the treatment and management of sickle cell anemia.

Adaptive performance of hairy thin-tailed (Yankasa) and wooly fat-tailed (Ossimi) sheep in tropical hot-dry season

The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the thermoregulatory, haematological, oxidative stress and serum electrolyte variations in an indigenous, hairy thin-tailed Yankasa (n = 10) and a recently introduced, wooly fat-tailed Ossimi (n = 10) sheep in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone during the peak of the hot-dry season. Thermoregulatory variables were recorded in the morning and afternoon hours, while samples were collected to evaluate variations in blood parameters. The results revealed that the rectal, skin, eye and fibre surface temperatures, as well as respiratory rate significantly (P < 0.05) increased from morning to afternoon hours in both sheep types. The heart rate significantly increased from morning to afternoon hours in wooly fat-tailed sheep, but no significant increase was observed in the hairy thin-tailed sheep. The wooly fat-tailed sheep exhibited higher (P < 0.05) heart rate and eye temperature than the hairy thin-tailed sheep in the afternoon hours. In the morning hours, the skin temperature was higher (P < 0.05) in the hairy thin-tailed sheep than the wooly fat-tailed sheep. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility was higher (P < 0.05) in hairy thin-tailed than wooly fat-tailed sheep. No significant difference (P> 0.05) was observed between sheep types in respiratory rate, sweating rate, rectal temperature, haematological parameters, serum malondialdehyde, potassium and sodium ion concentrations. It is concluded that the wooly fat-tailed sheep showed greater sensitivity, but higher erythrocyte membrane integrity during the hot-dry season. The non-significant difference between sheep types in most evaluated parameters suggests a relative similarity in their responses to heat stress, affirming the prime influence of adaptation to heat, and not fibre type, in the development of heat tolerance in the sheep.

Physiological and Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia in Athletes: Role in Reducing Efficiency and Correction Methodology

Under high-intensity loads, the athlete's bodies take place a number of biochemical reactions and physiological processes that can lead to hyperbilirubinemia. The factors that can initiate the onset of this phenomenon include the syndrome of micro-damage muscle, violation of the integrity of erythrocyte membranes, decreased blood pH, malnutrition and increase oxygen demand of the body. Degree of expression of manifestations of physiological bilirubinemia depends on the level of adaptation of the athlete to the physical activities offered. Hyperbilirubinemia in athletes can be one of the components of the deterioration of the functional state, forming the symptoms of endogenous intoxication. The relevance of this problem in sport lies in the relatively low detection rate of hyperbilirubinemia due to the lack of regular screening studies. However, in drawing up a plan of nutritional- metabolic support for training and competitive activity and recovery measures, must not only the individual reaction of the athlete body to physical activity, but also the severity of shifts in the indicators of bilirubin metabolism and their ratio. The article describes the reasons for the increase in bilirubin levels, which can be caused by both the effect of physical activity and by the presence of pathological processes in athletes. The factors influencing the blood serum’s bilirubin content are also highlighted, which include the state of erythrocyte cell membranes and the rate of hemoglobin destruction, the functional state of the liver, the specifics of physical loads and the use of ergogenic pharmacological agents by athletes. Particular accent has been placed on the illumination of hereditary hyperbilirubinemias, which may have been detected at the stage of selection of athletes. The most common phenomenon is Gilbert's syndrome, which occurs in 2-5% of cases in the general population, is characterized in the clinic by a benign flow and is manifested by episodes of jaundice and an increase in total bilirubin content to moderate values due to indirect. The frequency of detection of hyperbilirubinemias in the population of athletes is 4.68%, among which Gilbert's disease accounts for almost half (48.7%). Conclusion. The work highlighted the pathogenesis and diagnostic algorithm of Gilbert's disease, and also emphasized that its drug prevention and correction in athletes to maintain functional and physical fitness should be carried out taking into account anti-doping rules, which requires upon diagnosis timely receipt of a therapeutic exclusion

Washing packed red blood cells decreases red blood cell storage lesion formation

BackgroundTransfusion of blood products is the ideal resuscitative strategy after hemorrhage. Unfortunately, older packed red blood cells have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality after massive transfusion. These packed red blood cells accumulate biochemical and structural changes known as the red blood cell storage lesions. The effect of washing on the formation of red blood cell storage lesions is unknown. We hypothesized that washing packed red blood cells during storage would decrease the development of the red blood cell storage lesions. MethodsBlood from 8- to 10-week-old male mice donors was stored as packed red blood cells for 14 days. A subset of packed red blood cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline on storage day 7 and resuspended in AS-1 solution for an additional 7 days as washed packed red blood cells. Subsequently, the packed red blood cells were analyzed for microvesicle release, band-3 erythrocyte membrane integrity protein (Band-3), expression of phosphatidylserine, cell viability (calcein), accumulation of cell-free hemoglobin, and osmotic fragility. ResultsIn the washed packed red blood cells group, there was less microvesicle accumulation, greater Band-3 expression, less phosphatidylserine expression, a decrease in cell-free hemoglobin accumulation, and a decrease in osmotic fragility, but no differences in red blood cells viability. ConclusionWashing packed red blood cells during storage decreases the accumulation of red blood cell storage lesions. This strategy may lessen the sequelae associated with transfusion of older packed red blood cells.

Cytotoxic activity of poly-ɛ-caprolactone lipid-core nanocapsules loaded with lycopene-rich extract from red guava (Psidium guajava L.) on breast cancer cells

The aims of this study were to produce poly-ɛ-caprolactone lipid-core nanocapsules containing lycopene-rich extract from red guava (LEG), to characterize those nanoparticles and to evaluate their cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer cells. Lipid-core nanocapsules containing the extract (nanoLEG) were produced by the method of interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer. The nanoparticles were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Polydispersity Index, Zeta Potential, pH, Encapsulation Efficiency, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT dye reduction method in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line and inhibition of ROS and NF-κB was assayed in living human microglial cell line (HMC3) by time-lapse images microscopy. A hemolytic activity assay was carried out with sheep blood. Data showed that nanoparticles average size was around 200 nm, nanoparticles concentration/mL was around 0.1 µM, negative zeta potential, pH < 5.0 and spherical shape, with low variation during a long storage period (7 months) at 5 °C, indicating stability of the system and protection against lycopene degradation. The percentage of encapsulation varied from 95% to 98%. The nanoLEG particles significantly reduced the viability of the MCF-7 cells after 24 h (61.47%) and 72 h (55.96%) of exposure, even at the lowest concentration tested (6.25–200 μg/ml) and improved on the cytotoxicity of free LEG to MCF-7. NanoLEG inhibited LPS-induced NF-kB activation and ROS production in microglial cells. The particles did not affect the membrane integrity of sheep blood erythrocytes at the concentrations tested (6.25–200 μg/mL). Thus, the formulation of lipid-core nanocapsules with a polysorbate 80-coated poly-ɛ-caprolactone wall was efficiently applied to stabilize the lycopene-rich extract from red guava, generating a product with satisfactory physico-chemical and biological properties for application as health-promoting nanotechnology-based nutraceutical, emphasizing its potential to be used as a cancer treatment.

Malus micromalus Makino phenolic extract preserves hepatorenal function by regulating PKC-α signaling pathway and attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress in lead (II) exposure mice

Lead (Pb), which widely recognized as a nonessential heavy metal and a major environmental contamination, is a growing threat to the ecosystem and human body. In the present study, Malus micromalus Makino cv. ‘Dong Hong’ phenolic extract (MMPE) has been used to antagonise Pb-induced erythrocyte injury, hepatic and renal dysfunction in mice. Six-week-old male Kunming mice were gavaged with PbCl2 (20 mg/kg mouse/day) and/or MMPE (100 mg/kg mouse/day) by gavage administration for 10 days. We evaluated erythrocyte fragility, relative organ mass, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes to evaluate the protection effect of MMPE on the injury of liver and kidney in Pb-treated mice. MMPE significantly inhibited the increase of protein kinase C-α, B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X, cytochrome C and Caspase-3 protein levels and decreased calreticulin protein expression level in Pb-exposed mice. MMPE supplementation could maintain the integrity of erythrocyte membranes and ameliorate the endoplasmic reticulum stress in Pb-treated mice. It suggested MMPE as a natural nutritional supplement to alleviate Pb-induced hazardous effects in Pb-exposed humans.

Antisickling Effects of Quercetin may be Associated with Modulation of Deoxyhaemoglobin, 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, Redox Homeostasis and Alteration of Functional Chemistry in Human Sickle Erythrocytes.

Abstract It is now glaring that sickle cell anaemia is still one of the highest leading inbred hemoglobinopathy amongst Africans. This study examined the antisickling effects of quercetin via modulation of deoxy-haemoglobin, redox homeostasis and alteration of functional chemistry in human sickle erythrocyte using in silico and in vitro models while espousing preventive and curative approaches. Quercetin was docked against deoxy-haemoglobin and 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, with binding energies (−30.427 and −21.106 kcal/mol) and Ki of 0.988μM and 0.992μM at their catalytic sites via strong hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. Induction of sickling was done using 2% metabisulphite at 3h. Treatment with quercetin prevented sickling outstandingly at 5.0μg/mL and reversed same at 7.5μg/mL, 83.6% and 75.9%, respectively. Quercetin also significantly (P&lt;0.05) maintained the integrity of erythrocyte membrane apparently from the observed % haemolysis relative to untreated. Quercetin significantly (P&lt;0.05) prevented and counteracted lipid peroxidation while stimulating GSH and CAT levels which were detected to considerably (P&lt;0.05) increase with simultaneous significant (P&lt;0.05) reduction in SOD level based on curative approach. Umpiring from our FTIR results, a favorable alteration in the part of functional chemistry in terms of shifts (bend and stretches) and functional groups were observed relative to the induced erythrocyte/untreated. Thus, antisickling effects of quercetin may be associated with modulation of deoxy-haemoglobin, redox homeostasis and alteration of functional chemistry in human sickle erythrocytes.

CORRELATION OF FREE HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL AND PLASMA NITRIC OXIDE IN PACKED RED CELL DURING BLOOD BANK STORAGE PERIOD

Stored red blood cells undergo morphological and biochemical changes with increased storage time, commonly refferred as the storage lesion, reduced integrity of erythrocyte membrane, causing hemolysis and increased free plasma hemoglobin level. Nitric Oxide (NO) is an endogenous vasodilator with the major role in vascular and blood flow regulation. Accumulation of free hemoglobin (fHb) during storage RBC hemolysis is thought to be correlated with elevated NO consuming causes low NO level that significantly impair endothelial function. This study aim to was to analyze the correlation of free Hb and plasma nitric oxide level during PRC storage period in the blood bank. This research was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design to 14 unit PRC those were stored in Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital Blood Bank. The study was conducted from May 2016 to August 2017. The assay was performed for 28 days of storage with one week intervals. Free plasma hemoglobin and NO level were analyzed by cyanmethemoglobin and colorimetry method respectively. Spearman test was used to access the correlation between free Hb level and nitric oxide plasma with p&lt;0.05 means significant. Most donors were male (85.7%) with age range were 33(9) years. Free Hb and nitric oxide level were significantly differenced in each week storage periods (p&lt;0.05). Two parameters was significantly had moderate negative correlation during storage periods (r=-0.56; p=0.01).

Determination of the potentials of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Buchholzia coriacea in preventing sodium metabisulphite-induced oxidation of some hemoglobin SS erythrocyte membrane proteins

BACKGROUND: The sustenance of the erythrocyte membrane integrity is crucial to ensuring a continuous lamina flow of erythrocytes through narrow blood vessels. So it is imperative to find a substance to attenuate the oxidation of erythrocytes that cause the membrane structure remodelling. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hydrating strength and modulatory effect of Buchholzia coriacea seed extracts on erythrocyte membrane proteins degradation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of B. coriacea were obtained following standard procedures. Blood samples (5.00 mL) from five known hemoglobin SS individuals in steady state were subjected to electrophoresis to establish the genotype of the individuals. The osmotic fragility assay was performed with 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 and 20.00 mg/mL of the extracts in the presence of different concentrations of phosphate-buffered saline. The graph of percentage hemolysis was plotted against saline concentration, and the mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) determined. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also done using the same concentrations of extracts. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.01) between the average MCF in all the extract concentration and the control. Protein 4.1 and Ankyrin did not appear on the electrophoretic lanes of all the test samples when compared with the control. However, spectrin and ankyrin bands were visible with regular size and intensity. CONCLUSION: B. coriacea seed extracts possess antihemolytic character. However, it does not have the ability to maintain the erythrocyte membrane model despite its acclaimed antioxidant character.

Biocompatibility Studies of Gadolinium Complexes with Iminodiacetic Acid Derivatives

Apart from using as radiopharmaceuticals, iminodiacetic acid derivatives, after complexation with gadolinium, have been also tested as MRI CAs (magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents) since they show high affinity to hepatocytes and therefore provide high-resolution MRI of the liver. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of four gadolinium complexes with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) derivatives differing in substituent in aromatic ring by estimating their influence on plasma hemostasis, integrity of erythrocyte membrane, and toxicity towards human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The influence of gadolinium-based CAs on plasma hemostasis was evaluated by measuring PT (prothrombin time), APTT (activated partial tromboplastin time), and TT (thrombin time). The effects of tested compounds on RBCs (Red Blood Cells) were assessed using hemolysis assay and microscopy studies. The influence of gadolinium complexes on the barrier properties of HUVECs was assessed by means of real-time method based on the measurements of the impedance changes of the cells. Gadolinium complexes did not affect significantly PT and TT. APTT measurements revealed significant prolongation in the presence of all tested gadolinium complexes at the concentration higher than 0.5 μmol/mL. Hemolysis assay showed that compounds with alkyl substituents in benzene ring without halogen atom (1–3) do not exert unfavorable effect on the integrity of erythrocyte membrane over the entire concentration range. All gadolinium complexes at 1.0 μmol/mL contribute to the decrease in HUVEC viability and integrity. To conclude, the study describes biocompatibility studies of gadolinium-based CAs, provides additional insight into their potential toxicity associated with systemic administration, and underscores the necessity for further research.

Correction to: Perturbations of erythrocyte membrane integrity by subchronic low-level lead exposure in New Zealand white rabbits

The original version of this article contained a mistake. The BLLS value 53.92±14.06 shown in Table 1, Row 7, Column 8 should read 24.67±2.30.