Erythema Scores Research Articles

Efficacy and safety of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid compound in the treatment of keratosis pilaris: A split-body randomized clinical trial.

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a prevalent benign dermatological condition characterized by small bumps at the hair follicles alongside surrounding redness, significantly impacting both aesthetics and mental well-being. This study investigated the potential benefits of a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) compound for treating KP. A split-body, investigator-blinded, randomized, intraindividual comparative clinical trial was conducted. The non-cross-linked HA compound was injected into KP-affected regions on both upper arms. The treatment was delivered across four sessions scheduled at 4-week intervals. Blinded physicians and patients assessed differences in erythema, skin roughness, and overall scores between treated and control areas at the final follow-up visit. At the 12th and 24th weeks post-treatment, a four-point scale was utilized to assess subjects' perceived treatment efficacy. Additionally, dermoscopic images, histological alterations, and adverse events were monitored. Physician assessments revealed a significant reduction in roughness and overall scores for treated areas compared to controls. Patient self-assessments also reflected improvements in roughness, redness, and overall scores for treated sides at the final visit, with 35.71% of patients demonstrating sustained improvement in redness and 71.43% reporting persistent improvements in roughness at 24th weeks post-treatment. The dermatoscopic examinations revealed a notable enhancement in both the quantity of follicular plugs and the extent of erythema among the subjects in the treatment group. Histopathological outcomes also demonstrated improvement. This study suggests that the non-cross-linked HA compound effectively improves skin roughness and promotes hair shaft growth in KP treatment, demonstrating a favorable safety profile. These findings position it as a potentially viable alternative therapy in clinical practice.

Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Nanofat Injection in the Treatment of Postburn Scars Using Optical Skin Imaging Analysis.

Burn scars are considered one of the challenging issues that can affect the quality of life by causing aesthetic and functional problems. Injecting nanofat particles, which are considered a source of stem cells, into the dermis and/or subcutis of the burned area is considered a promising procedure for the treatment of scars and the correction of volume shortage and skin renewal. To assess the safety and effectiveness of using autologous nanofat injections to treat burn scars. Thirty patients with postburn scars participated in the trial. Each patient received one session of liposuction, which was then converted into nanofat and injected back into the scar tissue. Four months after the session, the evaluation was conducted both objectively using the Antera camera 3D imaging and subjectively using the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). Because there were statistically significant improvements in the treated scars' height, color, vascularity, and pliability, the total VSS scores differed significantly before and after treatment. Furthermore, the Antera 3D imaging revealed a statistically significant variation in the treated scars' indentations, erythema, and pigmentation scores. The study findings demonstrated that nanofat is a successful postburn scar treatment option that improves patients' quality of life.

Investigating the Use of 0.3% Adapalene/2.5% Benzoyl Peroxide Gel for the Management of Moderate-to-Severe Acne in Indian Patients: A Phase 4 Study Assessing Safety and Efficacy.

Background Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit associated with an increase in sebum secretion. Topical treatment with adapalene and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is considered effective when used either as monotherapy or in fixed-dose combinations. However, the combination gel of 0.3% adapalene with 2.5% benzoyl peroxide (A0.3%+BPO2.5%) has not been evaluated in Indian patients with acne. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of A0.3%+BPO2.5% gel in Indian patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. Methodology This was a 12-week prospective, multicenter, open-label, phase IV study conducted at six centers in India. Safety was assessed based on local tolerability (stinging or burning, erythema, dryness, and scaling) and any reported adverse events. Efficacy was evaluated based on reductions in the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions, the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scale, and the Global Assessment of Improvement (GAI) score. The patient-reported outcome was measured using the Subject Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results Of the 135 patients, 132 completed the study between December 24, 2021, and July 18, 2022 (93.9% had moderate acne; 6.1% had severe acne at baseline). The A0.3%+BPO2.5% gel was well tolerated. The reductions in the severity scores of erythema, scaling, and dryness from baseline to week 12 were 38.9%, 47.4%, and 76.5%, respectively. A targeted reduction of ≥50% in the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions was achieved in 115 (87.1%) and 109 (82.6%) patients, respectively. Based on the investigator's responses to the IGA questionnaire at week 12, 28% and 40.9% of patients had clear and almost clear skin, respectively. Using the GAI scale, investigators reported that at 12 weeks from baseline, most patients presented with improvements in symptoms, such as erythema, scaling, and dryness, and none reported any worsening. Treatment satisfaction was rated as 91% by the patients. Conclusions The A0.3%+BPO2.5% gel effectively reduced the inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions and was found to be safe and well tolerated in Indians with moderate‑to‑severe acne vulgaris.

Oclacitinib (APOQUEL®) is a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor with efficacy in a canine model of flea allergic dermatitis.

Oclacitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that potently inhibits JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy, inflammation, and pruritus (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-31). Oclacitinib (Apoquel®, Zoetis Inc, Parsippany, NJ) is approved for the treatment/control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and treatment/control of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age. To evaluate the effectiveness of oclacitinib in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis, the JAK1 selective inhibitor was tested in a placebo-controlled, masked, single-dose (0.4 mg/kg) or repeat-dose (0.4 mg/kg, twice daily for 2 weeks) study. Pruritic behaviors were quantitated by video recording, and erythema and skin lesions were assessed using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Results showed that oclacitinib reduced pruritus by 61% as early as 1.5 h after a single oral dose compared to placebo, with an average reduction (compared to placebo) of 85% 1-5 h after dosing (0.4 mg/kg; p < .0001). Oclacitinib also significantly reduced erythema (p < .0001) and skin lesion (p < .0005) VAS scores on Day 14 compared to placebo in a repeat dose study. No adverse events were noted during the conduct of these studies. IL-31 concentrations were elevated in the majority of dogs after flea infestation, suggesting JAK1-dependent cytokines may drive clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis. These findings show that oclacitinib, an inhibitor of JAK1-dependent cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation can rapidly reduce clinical signs associated with flea allergic dermatitis in dogs.

Dry eye and decreased tear film stability in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction patients.

Exploring the prevalence of dry eye (DE) and the changes of tear film stability in patients with primary acquired obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct (PANDO). In this cross-sectional, observational study, 370 eyes in 223 patients with PANDO were assessed. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was used to evaluate ocular surface symptoms, and the Keratograph 5M non-invasive ocular surface analyser was used to assess ocular surface parameters. According to the TFOS DEWS II criteria, patients with OSDI ≥ 13 and NIKBUT < 10s were diagnosed with DE. Of the 223 PANDO patients, 65 (29.1%) met the diagnostic criteria for DE. Compared with patients without DE, PANDO patients with DE were significantly older (p < 0.001), had a longer duration of epiphora (p = 0.023), and more likely to have a positive regurgitation on pressure over the lacrimal sac (ROPLAS) sign (p = 0.003). Multifactorial analysis showed that older age, positive ROPLAS and hypertension were significant independent predictors of DE (p < 0.05). Among the 147 unilateral PANDO patients without DE, the TMH, NIKBUT-first, NIKBUT-average and bulbar erythema scores were significantly higher in the PANDO sides. This study illustrated the prevalence of DE in PANDO patients was 29.1% and DE is more likely to occur in those who are older, have hypertension and are positive for ROPLAS. In addition, in patients with unilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction, a decrease in tear film stability was observed in the healthy eye.

Clinical and Dermoscopic evaluation of post acne erythema after treatment with topical timolol maleate 0.5%

Background and objectives: A common consequence of acne inflammation is called post-acne erythema, which describes telangiectasia and erythematous lesions that persist even after acne treatment, although some post-acne erythema lesions may become better with time. For some patients, having prolonged post-acne erythema might not be acceptable. Many studies have assessed the effectiveness of various post-acne erythema therapeutic approaches; however, there is no standard treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of topical timolol maleate 0.5% in the treatment of post-acne erythema clinically and by dermoscopy. Methods: A randomized therapeutic clinical trial conducted in Sulaimanyah city-Kurdistan region over a period from March to September of 2022.Thirty patients (24 female and 6 male) with persistent post-acne erythema were enrolled in this study. Treatments with timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution: apply 3-5 drops of timolol over the affected area every night at bedtime for 12 weeks. Our objectives were patient satisfaction, dermoscopy-assessed erythema assessment, and physician-reported clinical improvement. Result: After 12 weeks of treatment, there were no patients with severe erythema, clinically and statistically; there was a marked decline in the mean clinician erythema score and its standard deviation from 2.7± 0.98 to 1.0 ± 1.0 Also by dermoscopy-assessed erythema assessment, there was a substantial decrease in the mean erythema score and its standard deviation from 2.0±0.72 to 0.70±0.70, no participants after therapy exhibited severe erythema by dermoscopy.so statistically there is significant reduction in erythema clinically and dermoscopically. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there was very good response of post-acne erythema lesions with no obvious side effects, further therapeutic clinical studies with larger sample size is needed.

Ameliorative effects of topical ramelteon on imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation in mice.

Psoriasis is a long-lasting, immune-related inflammatory skin disease that affects 2-3% of the global population. It is distinguished by erythematous, silvery, and scaly patches. Ramelteon is a type of melatonin agonist that is used to treat insomnia. It has enhanced non-classical immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the study is to assess the ameliorative effects of topical ramelteon on imiquimod (IMQ)-aggravated psoriasiform-like dermatosis in mice. The 32 albino mouse males were placed into six groups of eight animals, all of them. With the exception of the control group, all groups gained a once-a-day regimen of topical imiquimod 5% cream at a dose of 62.5mg for eight uninterrupted days, while mice in the control group gained vaseline-based ointment alternately. Immediately after an 8-day induction period in the imiquimod group, mice in the clobetasol and ramelteon treatment groups obtained a twice-daily regimen of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment and 0.1% ointment, respectively, for a further 8days. This extends the total duration of the experimental study to 16 continuous days. The findings of our study found that ramelteon significantly mitigated the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the skin tissue, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as the scores associated with psoriatic lesions, including erythema, scaling, skin thickening, ear thickness, and overall cumulative PASI scores. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory impact of ramelteon was achieved by markedly increasing IL-10 levels in the skin tissue and correcting cutaneous histopathological alterations. Ramelteon ointment (0.1%) was comparable to that of clobetasol (0.05%) ointment in alleviating a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform inflammation; this is probably due to its potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Therefore, ramelteon could be a good additive option for therapeutic management of immune-triggered inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of topical tretinoin 0.05% cream and tacrolimus 0.1% ointment plus iontophoresis in the management of palmoplantar psoriasis.

Palmoplantar psoriasis (PPP) is a localized variant of psoriasis that may be resistant to topical therapy, owing to the poor penetrability of topical agents at this anatomical site. Modalities that enhance localized cutaneous delivery of drugs could help to solve this problem. Iontophoresis is one such procedure that augments transdermal drug delivery, thus enabling better and expeditious therapeutic outcomes. To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of iontophoresis with tretinoin 0.05% cream and tacrolimus 0.1% ointment in treating patients with PPP. Sixty patients with PPP (28 males and 32 females, age range 8-76 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups comprising 30 patients each. One group (12 males and 18 females) received iontophoresis with tretinoin 0.05% cream; the other (16males and 14 females) received iontophoresis treatment with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. Both groups received treatment weekly from baseline until 4 weeks and then fortnightly at weeks 6 and 8. Clinical images were taken at each visit and improvement of psoriasis was evaluated using the erythema, scaling, induration and fissuring (ESIF) score. The percentage reduction in ESIF score was also assessed on completion of treatment and the grade of improvement noted for each patient. Twenty-seven patients in the iontophoresis with tretinoin 0.05% cream group and 29 in the iontophoresis treatment with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment group completed the study. The mean (SD) ESIF score in the former decreased significantly from 8.7 (2) at baseline to 3.2 (1.7) at the study endpoint (P < 0.001). Similarly, in the latter group, there was a substantial reduction in mean (SD) ESIF score from 8.2 (1.9) at baseline to 3.3 (1.1) at the study end (P < 0.001). No significant adverse effects were encountered in either treatment arm. Iontophoresis using tretinoin and tacrolimus was found to be effective and safe for the treatment of PPP. Although iontophoresis with tretinoin showed slightly better results than with tacrolimus, these were not statistically significant.

Comparison of the effect of topical triamcinolone 0.1% cream with sulfur 2.0% cream in the treatment of patients with hand eczema: A randomized controlled trial.

Hand eczema (HE) is a common and heterogeneous condition. It has a wide range of etiologies and clinical manifestations. In this study the efficacy of triamcinolone 0.1% cream and sulfur 2% creams was compared in treating patients with HE. This randomized, triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with HE (including 70 right and 70 left hands). In this study, two creams were used including triamcinolone 0.1% and sulfur 2.0%. Patients were treated with these creams twice a day (once in every 12 h) for 4 weeks. Follow-up was 4 weeks after treatment. Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI), itching, dryness, burning sensation, and erythema scores were collected three times during the study and compared between treatment regimens. Findings showed that both triamcinolone (0.1%) and sulfur (2.0%) creams could significantly reduce the scores of HECSI, itching, dryness, burning sensation, and erythema, and the therapeutic effects lasted for at least 4 weeks after cessation of topical treatment. Topical sulfur cream (2.0%) is as effective as triamcinolone (0.1%) cream in treatment of HE without any prominent adverse reactions.

Formononetin attenuates psoriasiform inflammation by regulating interferon signaling pathway

BackgroundPsoriasis is a long-lasting, inflammatory, continuous illness caused through T cells and characterized mainly by abnormal growth and division of keratinocytes. Currently, corticosteroids are the preferred option. However, prolonged use of traditional topical medication can lead to adverse reactions and relapse, presenting a significant therapeutic obstacle. Improved alternative treatment options are urgently required. Formononetin (FMN) is a representative component of isoflavones in Huangqi (HQ) [Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge.]. It possesses properties that reduce inflammation, combat oxidation, inhibit tumor growth, and mimic estrogen. Although FMN has been shown to ameliorate skin barrier devastation via regulating keratinocyte apoptosis and proliferation, there are no reports of its effectiveness in treating psoriasis. ObjectiveThrough transcriptomics clues and experimental investigation, we aimed to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying FMN's action on psoriasis. Materials and methodsCell viability was examined using CCK8 assay in this study. The results of analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FMN-treated HaCaT cells and normal HaCaT cells using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were presented on volcano plots and heatmap. Enrichment analysis was conducted on DEGs using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO), and results were validated through RT-qPCR verification. After 12 days of FMN treatment in psoriasis mouse model, we gauged the PASI score and epidermis thickness. A variety of techniques were used to assess FMN's effectiveness on inhibiting inflammation and proliferation related to psoriasis, including RT-qPCR, HE staining, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ResultsThe findings indicated that FMN could suppress the growth of HaCaT cells using CCK8 assay (with IC50 = 40.64 uM) and 20 uM FMN could reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to the greatest extent. FMN-treated HaCaT cells exhibited 985 up-regulated and 855 down-regulated DEGs compared to normal HaCaT cells. GO analysis revealed that DEGs were linked to interferon (IFN) signaling pathway. Furthermore, FMN improved pathological features, which encompassed decreased erythema, scale, and thickness scores of skin lesions in psoriasis mouse model. In vivo experiments confirmed that FMN down-regulated expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, decreased secretion of TNF-α and IL-17 inflammatory factors, inhibited expression of IFN-related chemokines included Cxcl9, Cxcl10, Cxcl11 and Cxcr3 and reduced expression of transcription factors p-STAT1, p-STAT3 and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in the imiquimod (IMQ) group. ConclusionsIn summary, these results suggested that FMN played an anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative role in alleviating psoriasis by inhibiting IFN signaling pathway, and FMN could be used as a potential therapeutic agent.

The effect of electrical stimulation on skin vulnerability to irritants.

Electrical stimulation (ES) is a widely used technique in the medical field for various purposes. The effect of ES on several skin properties has been investigated; however, its effect on skin vulnerability to irritants remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ES application on skin vulnerability to external irritants. An experimental study on 12 healthy male subjects (Mean±SD, 22.9±3.6 years) who completed the study. The subjects were free of skin abnormalities in the volar aspect of both forearms. Three areas were allocated to each forearm and marked as areas 1, 2, and A in the treated forearm, and areas 3, 4, and B in the control forearm. ES was applied to the volar aspect of the treated forearm for 30min three times a week, for 2 weeks. The effect of ES on skin vulnerability was investigated using 5% and 0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) patches applied to both treated and control forearms. The skin response to irritants was evaluated using transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and a visual erythema score 24h after patch removal. Compared to the control forearm, ES increased skin permeability and erythema in response to external irritants (SLS), as measured by the visual analog score (Z=2.75, p=0.006) and TEWL (p<0.05), respectively. ES escalates skin reactions to low concentrations of irritant substances, such as SLS, in the area between the two electrodes. This emphasizes the use of this substance, and similar irritants should be avoided in areas treated with ES.

In-person validation of the Ichthyosis Scoring System.

Ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by scaling and erythema. Recognizing the variability of scale and erythema by region and ichthyosis subtype, we developed the Ichthyosis Scoring System (ISS) to quantify severity. We previously found ISS to have high inter- and intrarater reliability in evaluating photographic images. To confirm ISS clinical utility, we examined its performance at the 2022 Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types conference. Sixty-five participants were evaluated by 3 of 9 medical professionals trained to score ichthyosis scale and erythema using ISS. Intrarater and interrater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were analyzed using one-way and two-way random effects models, respectively. Intrarater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.931, 95% CI, 0.921-0.940) for scale and good (ICC = 0.876, 95% CI, 0.853-0.899) for erythema scoring. Compared to photo validation with excellent intrarater reliability ratings for both scale (ICC = 0.956, 95% CI, 0.925-0.974) and erythema (ICC = 0.913, 95% CI, 0.855-0.949), ISS demonstrated equivalent reliability for live use. Overall interrater reliability for 10 body sites showed excellent (ICC >0.9) and good (ICC >0.75) agreement and consistency for both scale and erythema. Palms were an exception, demonstrating moderate (ICC >0.5) interrater agreement and consistency for erythema evaluation. ISS is a reliable measure of global and regional ichthyosis severity during in-person evaluations. Ease-of-use, accessibility, and content validity in both live and photographic evaluation endorse ISS as a standard for ichthyosis severity analysis.

Mild but effective skin cleansing-Evaluation of laureth-23 as a primary surfactant.

Skin cleansing products are among the main reasons for the development of hand eczema. Therefore, a mild but effective skin cleansing product is of particular interest, especially in the work place, where various contaminations frequently have to be removed from hands. In this study, the potential of laureth-23 as a primary surfactant was evaluated and compared to other fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAEO). Also, different laureth-23 surfactant combinations were compared to each other. Therefore, transepidermal water loss, erythema and visual scoring were measured after occlusive patch testing in 24 healthy subjects (aged 18-55). Afterwards, the results were ranked from low to high irritant potential and an irritation score was calculated. Furthermore, the cleaning performance was tested using an automated cleansing device in 10 healthy subjects (aged 18-55). The results confirmed the low irritant potential of laureth-23 and blends thereof. Within the different laureth-23 surfactant combinations, the combination of laureth-23 with a mild amphoteric and a mild anionic surfactant was superior to other laureth-23 surfactant combinations like laureth-23/anionic/anionic regarding skin compatibility as well as cleaning performance. In conclusion, laureth-23 showed very good performance as a primary surfactant. Especially, the combination of laureth-23, cocamidopropyl betaine and disodium laureth sulfosuccinate was mild to the skin while also showing good cleansing performance.

Very Early Pulsed Dye Laser Intervention for Optimal Cosmetic Outcome in Post-Thyroidectomy Scars.

Early intervention of surgical scars with a pulsed dye laser is known to effectively prevent pathologic scars. Despite multiple reports on the effectiveness of the treatment, very few studies have demonstrated its appropriate initiation timing. In this study, our objective was to determine the optimal timing for initiating laser treatment following thyroidectomy. This study retrospectively analyzed 91 patients undergoing pulsed dye laser treatment post-thyroidectomy, grouping them by treatment initiation timing. The patients underwent treatment at intervals of 3-4 weeks with at least five sessions. Those with a high pliability score were injected with intralesional corticosteroids. The Antera 3D® skin imaging analyzer was used to assess biophysical parameters. The total Vancouver Scar Scale score significantly reduced after treatment in all groups. The Vancouver Scar Scale score reduction rate was significantly higher after treatment in the group for which the treatment was initiated within 3 weeks of surgery. The pigmentation and erythema score analyzed by Antera 3D® was also lower in this group. Early intervention using a pulsed dye laser within 3 weeks of thyroidectomy can substantially inhibit pathological scar development, providing physicians with a guide for optimal treatment commencement.

ACTIVITY TEST OF BRACTEA BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS WILLD SOLAR SCREEN CREAM EXTRACT IN WAY IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Excessive radiation exposure to the skin can cause erythema and pigmentation on the skin. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd\'s ethanol extract contains bioactive compounds that have medicinal properties, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids which have conjugated double bonds which are able to specifically absorb UV radiation so they can be applied chemical absorber. This study aims to test the sunscreen activity of the ethanol extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea in vitro using the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method which is determined by calculating the % Transmission value of erythema (% Te), the value of % Transmission pigmentation (% Tp), and the value Sun Protection Factor (SPF). As well as regular testing alive by observing the effect of erythema on the skin of white mice (Rattus norvegicus) which is irradiated with UV light. Analysis results in vitro showed that Willd\'s Bougainvillea spectabilis ethanol extract cream was able to provide sunscreen activity with concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5% with SPF values respectively 21.22 (ultra protection); 16.69 (ultra protection) and 12.48 (maximum protection) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control 6.95 (extra protection), with a percent erythema (% Te) concentration value of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% with consecutive values of 6.85 (standard suntan); 7.26 (standard suntan) and 10.42 (fast tanning) compared to control cream Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) 28.15 (fast tanning), with a percent pigmentation value (% Tp) concentration of 1.5%, 1.0 %, 0.5% with consecutive values of 7.29 (sunblock); 7.56 (sunblock) and 11.62 (sunblock) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control, namely 60.10 (extra protection). Then on to testing alive using one-way ANOVA analysis, it was found that Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea ethanol extract was able to inhibit the emergence of erythema in test animals significantly (p&lt;0.05) in all treatment groups, with the diameter of erythema formed at concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% produces an erythema score of 1, which means very little erythema is produced.

Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Intradermal Injection of Different Doses of Botulinum Toxin Type A: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Split‐Face Pilot Study in Rosacea Patients with Erythematic Telangiectasia

Introduction. Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the central facial skin with unknown origin, significantly impacting quality of patient’s life and causing various psychosocial problems. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) is characterized by paroxysmal flushing that occurs repeatedly and is easily resistant to therapeutic drugs. While microinjection of type A botulinum toxin (BTX) can treat ETR, there is no consensus on the injection dose, and strong evidence to verify its efficacy and safety is lacking. This randomized, double‐blind, split‐face clinical study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and optimal dose of two different single‐point injection doses (0.5 U and 1 U) of BTX in the treatment of rosacea. Methods. Twenty‐six patients with ETR were randomly assigned to receive different single‐point injections of BTX (0.5 U and 1 U, respectively) every 1 cm on one half of the face. The Clinical Erythema Score (CEA), VISIA red area absolute value, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale Score (GAIS), and recurrence at 12‐week follow‐up were evaluated at baseline, 2,4, 8, and 12 weeks after injection. Additionally, the Dermatological Quality of Life Index (DLQI) questionnaire survey and adverse reactions were also recorded. Results. All twenty‐six patients completed the follow‐up visits and were included in the analysis. Compared to the 0.5 UBTX‐treated side, the CEA score showed significantly improvement in erythema and flushing at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after injection on the 1 U BTX‐treated side (P &lt; 0.05). The mean absolute value of the red area of VISIA was ‐19.12 ± 51.91 on 1 U BTX‐treated side and 2.5 ± 42.08, on 0.5 UBTX‐treated side at 4 weeks after treatment, showing significant improvement on the 1 U side (P &lt; 0.05). GAIS and DLQI were also significantly improved from Week 4 to Week 12 and Week 2 to Week 12, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). There was no recurrence of symptoms with either 0.5 U or 1 U injection by 12 weeks. Apart from one patient who experienced facial tightness and three patients who had temporary aggravation of erythema, all of which resolved without treatment, 22 patients did not report any side effects except for injection pain during the procedure. Conclusions. BTX‐A can significantly improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with refractory rosacea with few side effects. A single‐point injection of 1 U was more effective. This trial is registered with NCT06282679.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Lyophilized Amniotic Membranes in the Partial Thickness Wound Healing Process in Mus musculus

Background: Currently, tulle or gentamicin ointment is generally used to prevent wound infections in wound care. Human amniotic membrane has been used in medical fields such as wound care. So far, there is no comparative evidence of the effectiveness of each ingredient. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of lyophilized amniotic membrane, tulle, and 0.1% gentamicin ointment in the wound healing process. partial thickness on Mus musculus clinically and histologically.&#x0D; Methods: This type of research is experimental with a post-test-only control group design. There were 24 rats divided into each group. This research was conducted at the anatomical pathology laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, and INA lab in July - September 2023 using rats (Mus musculus), which were divided into 3 treatment groups and one control group.&#x0D; Results: Clinically, lyophilized amniotic membrane, 0.1% gentamicin ointment, and tulle provided better results than controls regarding erythema variables. Histologically, the results showed that the lyophilized amniotic membrane group had the thinnest epidermis and dermis, as well as better histological scores for granulation, fibroblasts, and collagen than the 0.1% gentamicin ointment, tulle, and control groups. In this study, significant differences in effectiveness were found in terms of erythema, skin thickness, granulation, fibroblast, and collagen histological scores, with better results in the lyophilized amniotic membrane group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Clinically, lyophilized amniotic membrane, tulle, and 0.1% gentamicin ointment were more effective than controls for wound treatment due to faster reduction in erythema. However, histologically, the lyophilized amniotic membrane was proven to be more effective than tulle, 0.1% gentamicin ointment, and control in terms of epidermis and dermis thickness, granulation level, fibroblasts, and collagen.

Efficacy of luliconazole combination shampoo in patients with seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a frequently occurring chronic inflammatory disease of the skin which causes scalp erythema, scaling and itching. Though it isn't a life-threatening skin condition, it significantly impacts the quality of life. Luliconazole is a newer antifungal agent with comparable or greater potency than existing agents with better tolerability. We aimed to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability as an initial active and maintenance regimen.In this 12-week, prospective, non-comparative and single-center study, adult subjects with a valid clinical diagnosis of SD of the scalp with a combined score for scaling and erythema between 2 and 4 were included. The primary endpoint was a change in the degree of scaling using a 4-point scale; the secondary endpoints were a change in the degree of erythema and the degree of scalp itching on the scalp at week 4 and week 12. A clinical examination was also performed to assess the tolerability of the shampoo. A subjective self-assessment questionnaire was used to assess patient perception of the efficacy and tolerability of the product.At week 4 and week 12, the scalp scaling was significantly reduced by 69% and 78.6%, and erythema by 77.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Consequently, there was a progressive reduction in itching from 91.2% at week 4 to 94.7% by week 12. At Week 4, 37.8% and Week 12, 55.6% of the participants showed complete clearance of dandruff. Mean scalp dryness assessment scores decreased from 0.31 at week 4 to 0.16 by week 12.None of the subjects reported any symptoms of intolerance or recurrences.The current 12-week study demonstrated significant effectiveness and tolerability of Luliconazole-containing shampoo in the active phase and maintenance treatment of SD with initial twice- and subsequently once-weekly regimens.

Is a 4 J/cm2 PpIX-Weighted Simulated Daylight (SDL-PDT) Dose Still Efficient for Photodynamic Therapy of Actinic Keratosis?

Background: Several solutions are now proposed to provide indoor illumination with so-called artificial white light or simulated daylight (SDL-PDT), resulting in an effective treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). However, the optimal PpIX-weighted light dose is still debated. Integrating the effective irradiance over the irradiation time yields the effective light dose, which is also known as the protoporphyrin IX-weighted light dose and is a key parameter for the efficacy of the treatment. Objectives: The paper aims to report the clinical outcomes of SDL-PDT when using the PpIX-weighted light dose of 4 J/cm2, in patients treated for AK lesions of the scalp or the face at our medical dermatology center (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT052036). Methods: A total of 30 patients (16 males, 14 females), with a mean age of 71.0 ± 10.2, with phototype 1 (16 patients) and phototype 2 (14 patients) with grade I-II AK were treated with a drug light interval (DLI) of 10 min and a light exposure of 35 min (Dermaris, Surgiris, Croix, France), corresponding to a PpIX-weighted light dose of 4 J/cm2. The primary endpoint was the cure rate of patients at six months post-treatment. Secondary endpoints included scores of pain, erythema, crusts, and discomfort during or/and post the treatment. Results: In total, 762 AK were treated. Six months following treatment, the cure rate of the patients was 77%. The median pain score was less than 1 out of 10 for most of the patients. Erythema was observed in all patients and lasted 3 days (±1.5 day). Crusts were seen in 28 patients. Discomfort was reported as mild or less in more than 97% of patients. Conclusions: The shortening of the PpIX-weighted light dose to 4 J/cm2, corresponding to an illumination duration of 35 min with the Dermaris, does not modify the efficacy of the SDL-PDT. This observation is in agreement with recent published data demonstrating that the light dose can be reduced. Furthermore, this clinical study confirmed that SDL-PDT is an effective and nearly painless treatment with minimal side effects for patients with AK lesions of the scalp.

Tranexamic acid improves psoriasis-like skin inflammation: Evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies

The chronic disease psoriasis is associated with severe inflammation and abnormal keratinocyte propagation in the skin. Tranexamic acid (TXA), a plasmin inhibitor, is used to cure serious bleeding. We investigated whether TXA ointment mitigated Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation. Furthermore, this study investigated the effect of noncytotoxic concentrations of TXA on IL-17-induced human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells to determine the status of proliferative psoriatic keratinocytes. We found that TXA reduced IMQ-induced psoriasis-like erythema, thickness, scaling, and cumulative scores (erythema plus thickness plus scaling) on the back skin of BALB/c mice. Additionally, TXA decreased ear thickness and suppressed hyperkeratosis, hyperplasia, and inflammation of the ear epidermis in IMQ-induced BALB/c mice. Furthermore, TXA inhibited IMQ-induced splenomegaly in BALB/c mouse models. In IL-17-induced HaCaT cells, TXA inhibited ROS production and IL-8 secretion. Interestingly, TXA suppressed the IL-17-induced NFκB signaling pathway via IKK-mediated IκB degradation. TXA inhibited IL-17-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through caspase-1 and IL1β expression. TXA inhibited IL-17-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by enhancing autophagy, as indicated by LC3-II accumulation, p62/SQSTM1 expression, ATG4B inhibition, and Beclin-1/Bcl-2 dysregulation. Notably, TXA suppressed IL-17-induced Nrf2-mediated keratin 17 expression. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment reversed the effects of TXA on NFκB, NLRP3 inflammasomes, and the Nrf2-mediated keratin 17 pathway in IL-17-induced HaCaT cells. Results further confirmed that in the ear skin of IMQ-induced mice, psoriasis biomarkers such as NLRP3, IL1β, Nrf2, and keratin 17 expression were downregulated by TXA treatment. TXA improves IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in vivo and psoriatic keratinocytes in vitro. Tranexamic acid is a promising future treatment for psoriasis.