Abstract
Excessive radiation exposure to the skin can cause erythema and pigmentation on the skin. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd\'s ethanol extract contains bioactive compounds that have medicinal properties, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids which have conjugated double bonds which are able to specifically absorb UV radiation so they can be applied chemical absorber. This study aims to test the sunscreen activity of the ethanol extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea in vitro using the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method which is determined by calculating the % Transmission value of erythema (% Te), the value of % Transmission pigmentation (% Tp), and the value Sun Protection Factor (SPF). As well as regular testing alive by observing the effect of erythema on the skin of white mice (Rattus norvegicus) which is irradiated with UV light. Analysis results in vitro showed that Willd\'s Bougainvillea spectabilis ethanol extract cream was able to provide sunscreen activity with concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5% with SPF values respectively 21.22 (ultra protection); 16.69 (ultra protection) and 12.48 (maximum protection) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control 6.95 (extra protection), with a percent erythema (% Te) concentration value of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% with consecutive values of 6.85 (standard suntan); 7.26 (standard suntan) and 10.42 (fast tanning) compared to control cream Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) 28.15 (fast tanning), with a percent pigmentation value (% Tp) concentration of 1.5%, 1.0 %, 0.5% with consecutive values of 7.29 (sunblock); 7.56 (sunblock) and 11.62 (sunblock) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control, namely 60.10 (extra protection). Then on to testing alive using one-way ANOVA analysis, it was found that Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea ethanol extract was able to inhibit the emergence of erythema in test animals significantly (p<0.05) in all treatment groups, with the diameter of erythema formed at concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% produces an erythema score of 1, which means very little erythema is produced.
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