Erosive Wear Research Articles

Variation in wear scar penetration depths due to impact angle on the erosion wear of advanced aluminum matrix nanocomposites

In present study, developing (Al-Fe-Si) materials with high wear and erosion resistance for aerospace components, such as wing skin and fuselage sections, presents a significant challenge for researchers. This study delves into the reinforcement effects of TiC in aluminum composites, produced via ultrasonic-assisted stir casting. The focus lies on exploring the UASC technique to create composites with varied TiC weight percentages (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 % by weight) and evaluating their erosion resistance. Experiments varied erodent particle impact angle, velocity, and discharge rate, alongside impingement angles, and maintaining a constant velocity of 151 m/s for 10-minute durations, using solid particles averaging 201 µm in size. Increasing TiC content improved erosion resistance. Optical profilometry revealed a −131 µm maximum wear scar depth at a 45° impingement angle, with significantly higher erosion wear compared to other angles. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing mechanical system design and durability. Eroded surface failure analysis utilized FE-SEM images to examine composites impacted by erodent forces.

Interference study of double cracks on the inner surface of pipe bends with axial misalignment weld defects

In engineering practice, erosion wear cracks in pipelines occasionally exhibit a phenomenon of multiple crack aggregation. To investigate the effect of the interaction between double cracks in natural gas pipelines with axial misalignment welds, this paper, based on fracture mechanics, firstly establishes a model of an external axial misalignment weld bend. By analyzing the double-crack model of the main crack and subsidiary crack, the interference effect of the subsidiary crack on the leading edge of the main crack is studied. The results show that when both the main crack and the accessory crack are annular cracks, all the points on the leading edge of the main crack are within the shielding zone of the accessory crack under the condition of co-linear neighboring position. Meanwhile, under the condition of coaxial neighboring position, all the points on the leading edge of the main crack are partly within the shielding zone of the accessory crack and partly within the reinforcing zone. Conversely, when the main crack is an annular crack and the accessory crack is an axial crack, the conclusion is opposite to the former. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the safety evaluation of multi-cracked gas pipelines.

Dental Erosive Wear Assessment amongst Different Age Groups Utilising Basic Erosive Wear Examination: An Epidemiological Study

Introduction: The study aims to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear and risk levels amongst different age groups utilising Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) amongst the population of South West Coastal India. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty healthy people participated in the research (n = 32 per group). Using sextants and the BEWE, index (0–18) allowed for the evaluation of erosive tooth wear. Questionnaires supplemented clinical data. Each participant was assigned to groups based on the severity of their erosive wear: high (BEWE sum ≥ 14), moderate (BEWE sum 9–13), low (3–8) and none (0–2). Results: There is no significant difference in the degree of erosive tooth wear across different age groups (χ2– 20.11, P – 0.067 [not-significant]). There is a significant difference in response to questions across different age groups (χ2 – 487.21, P – 0.01 [significant]). Conclusion: The prevalence of erosive tooth wear grows as individuals age. Older age groups, patients who are at a higher risk level require a more comprehensive form of treatment. The aetiology of dental erosion remained unknown to the patients, indicating a deficiency in their understanding of erosive tooth wear.

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of spinel-like high-entropy oxide (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4 and (CrMnFeCoZr)3O4/epoxy coatings

High entropy oxides (HEOs) are considered as an advanced materials having excellent properties like corrosion resistance, high hardness and wear resistance for a wide range of applications. In this study, coatings with two different types of high entropy oxides as epoxy fillers: (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4/EP and (CrMnFeCoZr)3O4/EP coatings were prepared and electrochemically tested for their corrosion resistance. Tests conducted in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution showed that the (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4/EP coatings exhibited better corrosion stability compared to the (CrMnFeCoNi)3O4/EP coatings. This is due to the fact that the introduction of Zr can significantly refine the grain and change the grain structure to a reticulated type, enhancing the corrosion resistance of the coating.

Evaluation of Oral and Dental Health Results and Competition Stress Levels of Adolescent Athletes in Different Winter Sports Branches.

The aim of the present study was to examine the findings of the intraoral examinations of the 12-16 years old novice (control) and elite athletes across the winter sports branches, which were alpine discipline skiing, snowboarding, biathlon, ski jumping, and ice hockey. Besides, the study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-group relationships by comparing the athletes salivary stress biomarker levels at precompetition, during-match, and post-competition stages. Ninety-one athletes (71 elite, 20 novice) participated in our study. Oral health status of the athletes were evaluated. In addition, cortisol levels in the saliva samples obtained at pre-competition (rested before the competition), during-match (just before the start), and post-competition (competition ending moment) stages were measured. The data were analyzed statistically with a significance level of 0.05. Ice hockey athletes were the most affected by untreated dental caries (27.3%). No signs of dental trauma caused by sports activities were found in the winter sports branches. Basic erosive wear examination scores of the ice hockey athletes were similar to the ski jumping athletes and lower than other groups (P=.034). The mean cortisol values between sports branches were listed as: biathlon <snowboarding > alpine skiing < ice hockey < ski jumping (P < .001). Test results of the winter sports athletes' saliva samples revealed that their salivary stress levels might vary in accordance with the sports branches, and there was a negative relationship between the levels of salivary stress biomarkers in competitions and oral health. In winter sports activities, measures for improving oral health should be disseminated.

Erosion wear investigation of Fe-Cr-Ti coating with varying boron content

Erosion wear investigation of Fe-Cr-Ti coating with varying boron content

Study on high-temperature erosive wear behaviour, surface roughness and scratch resistance of NiCrAlY-based composite coating

Study on high-temperature erosive wear behaviour, surface roughness and scratch resistance of NiCrAlY-based composite coating

Protecting primary teeth from dental erosion through bioactive glass

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG) in preventing dental erosion in primary teeth. MethodsEnamel and dentin specimens (2 × 2 × 2 mm) were obtained from extracted primary teeth, which were randomly divided into the following groups based on the pretreatments (n = 12): DW (deionized water), NaF (2 % sodium fluoride), 2BAG (2 % BAG), 4BAG (4 % BAG), 6BAG (6 % BAG), and 8BAG (8 % BAG). The specimens were immersed in the respective solutions for 2 min and subjected to in vitro erosive challenges (4 × 5 min/d) for 5 d. The erosive enamel loss (EEL), erosive dentin loss (EDL), and the thickness of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM) were measured using a contact profilometer. The surface microhardness (SMH) was measured, and the percentage of SMH loss (%SMHL) was calculated. The surface morphology and mineral composition were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. ResultsAfter the erosive challenges, the EEL, EDL, and%SMHL of the 2BAG, 4BAG, 6BAG, and 8BAG groups significantly reduced, with the greatest reduction was observed in the 6BAG (EEL: 6.5 ± 0.2 μm;%SMHL in enamel: 12.8 ± 2.6; EDL: 7.9 ± 0.3 μm; %SMHL in dentin: 22.1 ± 2.7) and 8BAG groups (EEL: 6.4 ± 0.4 μm;%SMHL in enamel: 11.0 ± 1.9; EDL: 7.8 ± 0.5 μm; %SMHL in dentin: 22.0 ± 2.5) (P < 0.05). With increasing BAG concentrations, the number of surface deposits containing Ca, P, and Si increased. Conclusions6BAG was the most effective for preventing dental erosion in primary teeth and showed a particularly strong potential for dentin erosion prevention. Clinical SignificanceBioactive glass, especially at a 6 % concentration, has proven effective in reducing erosive tooth wear and surface microhardness loss while also protecting demineralized organic matrix in primary dentin.

Icing Wind Tunnel and Erosion Field Tests of Superhydrophobic Surfaces Caused by Femtosecond Laser Processing

Ice accumulation on lift-generating surfaces, such as rotor blades or wings, degrades aerodynamic performance and increases various risks. Active measures to counteract surface icing are energy-consuming and should be replaced by passive anti-icing surfaces. Two major categories of surface treatments—coating and structuring—already show promising results in the laboratory, but none fulfill the current industry requirements for performance and durability. In this paper, we show how femtosecond laser structuring of stainless steel (1.4301) combined with a hydrocarbon surface treatment or a vacuum treatment leads to superhydrophobic properties. The anti-ice performance was investigated in an icing wind tunnel under glaze ice conditions. Therefore, flexible steel foils were laser-structured, wettability treated and attached to NACA 0012 air foil sections. In the icing wind tunnel, hydrocarbon treated surfaces showed a 50 s ice build-up delay on the leading edge as well as a smoother ice surface compared to the reference. To demonstrate the erosion resistance of these surfaces, long-term field tests on a small-scale wind turbine were performed under alpine operating conditions. The results showed only minor erosion wear of micro- and nano-structures after a period of six winter months.

Influence of operating parameters on the silt erosion performance of bare and coated SS304 steel

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the silt erosion performance of Bare, 75%Cr2O3 + 25%Al2O3 and 85%Cr2O3 + 15Al2O3-coated SS304 under various control parameters such as rotation speed, concentration of silt and particle size of silt used for making slurry. This can provide insight for using chromia and alumina-based coatings for hydro-turbines. Design/methodology/approach Taguchi approach was used to identify the effect of three input parameters on the bare and coated alloys. L16 orthogonal array is used for determining the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for each process parameter. For each level of parameters taken into consideration about the erosion wear, the arithmetic mean of the S/N ratio is calculated. On the essence of the results of S/N ratios, it is possible to determine the effect of the most dominating parameters of the erosion wear. Findings Results show that the erosion increases with an increase in silt concentration (Wt.%). It has been analyzed that the rotational speed has the most significant effect followed by the particle size and concentration on erosion wear for all uncoated and coated SS-304 samples. Maximum resistance to erosion is provided by 85%Cr2O3 + 15%Al2O3. The least erosion wear for process parameters has occurred at the optimal parametric combination of rotational speed (N) = 415 rev/min, concentration (C) = 15 Wt.% and particle size range as &lt;53 µm for uncoated and coated stainless steel. Originality/value The study clearly shows the silt erosion performance of chromia and alumina coatings of different compositions at different input parameters. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0028/

Comparative Study of the Tribocorrosion Performance of NiTiNOL60 in Acidic, Alkaline, and Saline Environments

AbstractIn order to enhance the durability of tribological interfaces, an investigation into the synergistic effects of sliding wear, corrosion, and their interactions is crucial. This study focuses on understanding the deformation mechanisms of NiTiNOL60, a nickel-rich nickel-titanium alloy, during sliding against Al2O3 in different corrosive environments, including acidic, alkaline, and saline mediums. The pH of the environments is found to play a significant role in the tribocorrosion process, leading to electromechanically induced transformations and various wear patterns. Plastic deformations are observed on the wear track surfaces, particularly in the severe and mild wear regimes. In an alkaline environment, depassivation of the oxide layer triggers oxidational wear, with the depassivation rate dependent on factors like contact pressure, sliding velocity, and passive film properties. The wear volume is highest in saline environments, with contributions from mechanical wear, corrosion, and third-body abrasion. Grain deformations occur in the alkaline environment due to shear forces, while in the acidic medium, corrosion accelerates mild wear involving abrasion and delamination. The findings provide insights into wear mechanisms and localized corrosion, highlighting the influence of H+ and OH− groups (pH values) on corrosive wear and crack propagation.

Erosive Wear Caused by Large Solid Particles Carried by a Flowing Liquid: A Comprehensive Review

The erosive wear encountered in some industrial processes results in economic loss and even disastrous consequences. Hitherto, the mechanism of the erosive wear is not clear, especially when the erosive wear is caused by large particles (&gt;3.0 mm) carried by a flowing liquid. Current approaches of predicting erosive wear need improvement, and the optimization of relevant equipment and systems lacks a sound guidance. It is of significance to further explore such a subject based on the relevant literature. The present review commences with a theoretical analysis of the dynamics of large particles and the fundamental mechanism of erosion. Then the characteristics of the erosion of various equipment are explicated. Effects of influential factors such as particle size and properties of the target material are analyzed. Subsequently, commonly used erosion models, measurement techniques, and numerical methods are described and discussed. Based on established knowledge and the studies reported, some expectations for future work are proposed.

Erosive wear and topographical study of zinc-aluminum based composite reinforced with in-situ formed ZrB2 particles

The present study deals with the erosive wear behaviour of a zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloy and composite in the slurry medium. The effects of reinforcement of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) particles in ZA alloy, as well as the impingement angle and duration of erosion wear responses have been studied. The slurry composition was prepared with 1.5 L of water and 500 g silica of a size range of 350–450 μm. The erosion tests are performed at a speed of 600 rpm for varying durations (20–80 h) and impingement angles (30°–90°). The erosive wear responses of the samples have been analyzed in terms of distinct features of their micro constituents like ZrB2 and the material removal mechanism in a prescribed set of conditions. A significant decrease in composite erosion compared to ZA alloy has been observed. With increased duration, both alloy and composite show increased erosive wear. Obtained results revealed that the composite shows 60–80 % less erosive wear than ZA alloy on operating conditions. The optimum results in wear have been observed at 45° for alloy and 60° for composite. Investigating topographical aspects using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that ZrB2 reinforcements resulted in smoother topography and reduced erosive wear.

Diagnostyka stanu technologicznego gazociągów na podstawie składu transportowanych mieszanin gazowych

The efficiency of natural gas transportation hinges largely on the quality of technological processes involved. Imperfect separation process can lead to the liquid particles remaining in the gas and entering the transport systems, causing various technological issues with gas pipelines (clogging, hydrate formation, corrosion wear, etc.). The presence of mechanical particles in gas mixtures accelerates the degradation of metallic components of the transport system due to erosion. Additionally, the multiphase nature of gases contributes to complications during transportation, altering the quality indicators when different gas qualities are mixed. Consequently, the composition of gas mixtures, their mechanical particles, moisture, and other indicators, deviate non-linearly from their initial values. The technological condition of the main gas pipelines significantly impacts their discharge capacity and hydraulic characteristics. Failure to clean natural gas to current standards and requirements at production stations can result in condensation of water and hydrocarbon vapours in pipelines, leading to the accumulation of the liquid phase in the cavities of the pipeline and the formation of blockages due to hydrate compounds formation, the reduction of the cross-section of the gas pipeline or its complete blockage. Sediment accumulation on the inner surfaces of gas pipelines installed in complex geographical conditions adversely affects transportation system, increasing maintenance, energy, and transportation costs. Utilizing gas composition as an auxiliary tool (indicator) for diagnosing various technological processes and predicting transport parameters has been investigated in numerous research works in the oil and gas production industry.

Erosion wear characteristics of metal seal floating ball valve in gas–solid–liquid three-phase flow

During high-pressure acid leaching, sulfuric acid slurry acts as the transportation medium in the withdrawal drum for acid pressure leaching. Over time, the metal-sealed float valve at the pipeline outlet may experience internal leakage. To address this issue, the Euler–Lagrange method for fluid dynamics is used to evaluate the corrosion wear characteristics of the valve in a three-phase flow. Specifically, we investigate the erosion and wear properties of the ball valve core as it opened and closed. To further understand how different ball valve openings impact erosion characteristics, we establish a correlation between the corrosion rate and the drag coefficient. Our research findings indicate that as the valve’s relative opening decreases from 80% to 20%, the corrosion wear rate gradually increases. In addition, the number of particles within the valve cavity also follows a similar trend. These erosion results highlight the significant influence that particle quantity has on erosion. Moreover, with an increase in particle size, both the erosion gradient range and maximum erosion rate decrease.

Enhancing Resistance to Corrosion, Erosion and Oxidation of Boiler Steels by Surface Modification Techniques

In coal based thermal power plant, the boiler components (superheater, combustion chamber, superheater tubes, boiler walls, reheater etc.) are subjected to harsh environment characterized by high temperatures, aggressive combustion products, and abrasive particles. Corrosion, erosion, and oxidation relentlessly reduce their lifespan and efficiency, posing significant economic and safety concerns. This review explores the potential of surface modification techniques to act as a valiant shield against these destructive forces, extending the life, enhancing the performance, and ensuring the safe operation of boiler components. In this articles various surface modifications techniques including their merits and demerits are discussed with emphasis on thermal spray techniques. From established methods like thermal spraying and laser cladding to innovative approaches like nanocoatings and electrochemical treatments, each technique is meticulously examined for its effectiveness in boosting corrosion resistance, mitigating erosion wear, and minimizing oxidation at crucial boiler locations. This review culminates in a compelling vision of the future, where sophisticated surface modification techniques become an integral part of boiler design and maintenance strategies. By harnessing the power of these technologies, we can usher in an era of more efficient, reliable, and sustainable boiler operation, safeguarding investments and protecting the environment.

Research on corrosion wear behavior of connecting bearings made of different steels in suspension bridge suspension system

Research on corrosion wear behavior of connecting bearings made of different steels in suspension bridge suspension system

Design and Optimization of Disc Oil Skimmer

Abstract: Oil Spills are a common phenomenon in the oceans and seas causing economic loss as well as loss of aquatic life. Oil skimmers are devices used to separate the oil from water and recover it to the maximum extent possible. This project focuses on material selection for oil skimmer discs, considering corrosion resistance, wear characteristics, cost-efficiency, and environmental impact. It explores common materials such as polyurethane, oleophilic materials, stainless steel, PVC, and aluminum, emphasizing their unique properties and environmental implications. By conducting a thorough literature review and establishing stringent material selection criteria, the project aims to inform a material choice that balances technical requirements with environmental responsibility. The exploration of advanced materials and optimization of material design are also discussed. The project anticipates enhancing oil skimmer efficiency, reducing maintenance needs, and promoting sustainable practices in environmental protection. The project further includes building a prototype of a single disc oil skimmer and find an ideal diameter for efficient oil skimming taking into consideration the mass of the disc as well as the overall oil skimmer.

Risk analysis Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW): checklist for a quick assessment of the risk factors for ETW in the dental practice

Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW) is the loss of tooth structure without bacterial involvement. As the resulting loss of tooth structure is irreversible, an early evaluation of the multifactorial etiology, accurate diagnosis and regular follow-up are essential. The ETW is dynamic and its progression should be continuously monitored. A risk analysis table was developed to systematically record risk factors for ETW (Fig. 2). This allows ETW management to be integrated more efficiently into clinical practice and the progression to be documented over the years. If ETW is assumed, the risk analysis should be performed and updated at least every two years. In the assessment, risk-promoting and risk-inhibiting factors are marked, added together and compared. If the negative factors pre-dominate, measures should be taken to minimize the risk for ETW. The main purpose of the risk analysis is therefore to evaluate the individual etiology, coun-teract negative factors, promote positive factors and prevent progression.

Advanced hybrid composites: A comparative study of glass and basalt fiber reinforcements in erosive environments

AbstractThis study looks at how erosive wear affects hybrid composites made by vacuum infusing glass and basalt fibers into an epoxy matrix. The study uses garnet abrasives and a design experiment method to test how resistant these hybrid composites are to erosion at 30°, 60°, and 90° angles of impact. The analysis included three‐dimensional profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that glass layers enhance erosion resistance, whereas basalt layers increase wear. Key quantitative findings include erosion rates and mass loss, highlighting impingement angle and erosion time as critical factors. At a 30° angle, basalt exhibited more severe wear (erosion rate: 0.8090 mg/g for 20 s) compared to glass (erosion rate: 0.5683 mg/g). Conversely, at 90°, the erosion rate for basalt decreased to 0.3643 mg/g, indicating a decreased sensitivity to this steeper angle. According to the ANOVA, impingement angle and erosion time account for 30.08% and 50.25% of the erosion rate variance, respectively. These findings advance our understanding of material behavior in hybrid composites and emphasize the strategic selection and layering of materials for enhanced durability. This research contributes to developing more sustainable composites, demonstrating natural fibers' potential to improve mechanical properties and erosion resistance.Highlights Glass layers enhance durability against erosive forces in hybrid composites. Basalt layers accelerate erosion rates, showing a need for strategic layering. Glass fiber reinforcement significantly improves wear performance. Hybrid constructions with glass a top basalt balance flexibility and durability. Emphasizes eco‐friendly advantages of natural materials in composites.