Erosion Values Research Articles

Analisis Erodibilitas Tanah untuk Budidaya Talas Beneng Berkelanjutan berdasarkan Elevasi

Taro Beneng holds significant potential to enhance food security and economic value, particularly in the Banten region. This study aimed to analyze soil erodibility values across Taro Beneng cultivation areas in Talaga Warna, Juhut, and Kaduengang villages to support sustainable land management and optimize crop yields. Conducted in 2024, the research employed a survey method with soil erodibility analysis based on the Wischmeier and Smith (1978) formula, considering parameters such as soil texture, structure, organic matter, and permeability. Thirty soil samples were collected across three elevation zones to capture variability, and the erodibility (K) values were calculated using Microsoft Excel, with spatial mapping conducted via ArcGIS. Results indicate that organic matter content increases with elevation due to climatic factors influencing decomposition rates. Soil texture ranges from sandy clay loam in Talaga Warna and Juhut to loamy sand in Kaduengang, reflecting the geographical diversity of the Mount Karang region. Soil structure varies from granular to coarse, with differing permeability levels contributing to varied erodibility risks. The highest soil erodibility values were recorded in Talaga Warna and Juhut (K = 0.49), indicating high erosion susceptibility, while Kaduengang exhibited the lowest value (K = 0.36), suggesting more stable soil conditions. These findings highlight the spatial variability of soil erosion risks in Taro Beneng fields, offering insights to guide targeted soil conservation practices. By addressing areas with higher erosion risks, this study provides practical recommendations for sustainable land management to support Taro Beneng cultivation and ensure long-term soil health in the region.

Spatio Temporal Analysis of the Effect of Slope Gradient on the Magnitude of Erosion and Deposition in the Endikat Watershed

Erosion is a natural process caused by rainfall (R), slope gradient (λ), slope length (LS), soil type (K), and changes in land cover. These factors drive the erosion of the surface layer of the soil, intensified by steep slopes and shifts in land use. The extent of this erosion has significant implications as it contributes to a reduction in the distribution of ecosystem services (ES) both spatially and temporally in various sub-watershed areas. To analyze the magnitude of erosion, modern methodologies including the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the refinement, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) have been adopted particularly focusing on the slope length (LS) factor for more accurate assessments. From this analysis and the direction of deposition spatially, the results can be used to assess and consider the actual value of ES in watersheds. The results can also be used for policy in decision-making, assessing the quality and quantity of water resources, as well as managing land resources better in an economically, environmentally, and socially beneficial manner. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the classification of the magnitude of slope in the RLKSi equation to predict the estimated spatial pattern of both erosion and deposition as well as assess the level of vulnerability to soil loss in the Endikat sub-watershed which was upstream of the Lematang watershed. The equation used was SEDRET which included the level of soil resistance to the magnitude of soil loss (RUSLE) minus actual erosion (USLE). The results of the highest erosion value of 2,205.14 tons/Ha/year occurred in an area with slope of > 45% and soil type Association & yellow brown podzolic with shrub land use. Although the highest eroded retention rate of - 6,710.17 tons/Ha/year occurred on slope of 39.09% with yellowish brown podzolic soil type and dry agricultural land use. Additionally, the area experiencing the greatest sedimentation occurred on slope of 5.79% with Andosol Brown & Regosol soil types as well as shrub land use.

Erosive-abrasive wear modeling of a water jet pump in a slurry medium

In the study, water jet pump transfers the slurry in the well through pipe system to centrifugal pump. Sand-water mixture causes amount of material loss in the water jet pump structure computed by a software program. The purpose of the study is to determine the most critical part in the water jet pump. The wear amount is affected by many parameters such as sand particle diameter, mass flow rate of abrasive and inlet velocity. So, it is investigated that the wear amount on the jet pump is changed according to sand percentage in the well water, inlet velocity and erodent diameter. Mass flow rates of sand have a value of 0.097 kg/s for w.p. % 5, 0.194 kg/s for w.p. % 10, 0.291 kg/s for w.p. % 15 at an inlet velocity of 3.98 m/s. The maximum erosion wear rate is raised from 2.26x10-4 kg/(s m2) to 6.84x10-8 kg/s2m2 for inlet velocities of 1.99 m/s, 3.98 and 7.96 m/s, respectively for the case of weight percentages of %15 in Finnie erosion wear model. Finnie, Mclaury, Generic and Oka erosion models have been compared. It is found that Mclaury’s erosion model demonstrates the highest erosion value of 1.38x10-3 kg/(s m2) for w.p. % 15 at 3.98 m/s inlet velocity for the erodent diameter of 0.0005m in all. It is claimed that erosive wear has been concentrated on the nozzle of the water jet pump. The wear rate can be predicted as straightforwardly for different conditions.

Erosion and wear of barrel and its impact on projectile force

Abstract During gun firing, the inner surface of the barrel will undergo erosion and wear, leading to changes in the gap between the projectile and barrel. This cause the load environment in which the projectile moves inside the barrel to become more severe, and the cutting and wear of the rotating band increase. Therefore studying the erosion and wear of barrel and its impact on projectile force is of great significance for the lifespan and launch safety of the barrel. By testing the erosion and wear of the barrel with different firing numbers and analysing the anatomy of the end of life barrel, the damage and expansion patterns of the barrel were obtained. On this basis, a coupled dynamic model of projectile and barrel considering erosion and wear was established, and the influence of erosion and wear on the force acting on the motion process of the projectile inside the barrel was calculated. The results indicate that the erosion and wear value of the barrel follows a cubic polynomial along the axis, and the maximum value is located at the commencement of rifling. At the end of the barrel’s life, the engraving resistance of the rotating band is reduced by about 38.7%, the surface contact force between the rotating band and rifling land is reduced by 36.4%, and the impact force between the bourrelet and barrel is increased by about three times.

A new correlation for estimating solid particle erosion in elbows

Throughout the Literature, solid particle erosion prediction models have been developed based on limited data without considering uncertainties involved in measurements. In this study, a new correlation is designed to estimate the maximum erosion rate caused by solid particles in standard elbow geometries. The novel development process of this correlation includes uncertainty estimation of erosion measurements. To estimate uncertainties in an erosion database, it is imperative to have a model that can be used to calculate accurate erosion values and provide reliable references. For this purpose, a database of repeated erosion measurements for gas-sand, low-pressure conditions collected by previous researchers is used. The database includes standard elbow geometries with 0.0762 m and 0.1016 m internal pipe diameter, and sand particles with mean diameters of 75 and 300 μm. Then, the erosion values in this database are adjusted to agree with the physical behaviors expected in the erosion process. Finally, based on the adjusted erosion values, a new correlation is developed that accounts for important parameters such as pipe and particle diameters, and gas velocity. The results and comparison of this new model with other correlations/models in the literature show that this correlation performs very well in predicting solid-particle erosion values for elbow geometry with an RMSE value of 7.96E-02 mm/kg. The effect of superficial liquid velocity is also investigated and modeled based on a database of gas-liquid-sand erosion, resulting in an updated version of the correlation for predicting erosion in gas-liquid-sand flow conditions. Furthermore, CFD results for higher-pressure fluids and larger pipe diameters of 0.1524 m and 0.2032 m and mean particle sizes of 25, 75, 150, and 300 μm, are used to further validate the correlation for larger pipe sizes and high-pressure fluid flows. In summary, three correlations have been developed in this research; one for low-pressure flows with application in uncertainty estimation, one for predicting erosion in two-phase flow conditions, and one for cases with larger pipe diameters or high-pressure fluids.

Numerical study of flow phenomena and erosion in three guide vane cascade rig

Abstract The rivers in certain geological regions like South Asia have sediment particles in them. These particles cause erosion in turbine components which is a major cause of deterioration of turbine and hampers efficient energy production. Out of different modes of erosion in Francis turbines, past studies have shown that erosion is prominent in its guide vanes. Its criticality stems from the ability of eroded guide vane can disturb the flow that reaches the runner and cause erosion in the runner inlet. Numerical study is widely used to study erosion. However, their inability to evolve the geometry with the advent of erosion limits their use. The study uses a three-guide vane cascade geometry, modeled after Jhimruk HPP, to conduct the flow analysis and erosion study. In this study, a RANS-based SST turbulence model has been applied for the flow along with sediments modelled as particles carried by the fluid. The erosion study used the Finnie erosion model to visualize how the erosion occurs in the guide vane. A new framework has been developed that interprets the mathematical values of erosion into the corresponding geometrical changes. Additionally, the study has observed the flow-patterns disruption due to the erosion of the guide vane. This offers a comprehensive overview of the flow in guide vanes cascade and erosion in the guide vanes.

Estimation of Soil Erosion by RUSLE Model Using Geoinformatics Techniques: A Case Study of Mulshi Reservoir Catchment, Pune District, Western Maharashtra.

In the western part of Maharashtra, where the Western Ghat highlands are located, soil erosion is a serious and persistent environmental issue. To make matters worse, the majority of the dams in this region run the risk of sedimenting their reservoirs, which is a serious concern. This research was being conducted on the Mulshi reservoir catchment area, Pune district of western Maharashtra having area of 250.25 km2. It is fact that the surface runoff of seasonal rainfall is more in this region due to the presence of western ghats. In this study, high resolution satellite images were used to estimate average annual soil erosion based on the five factors defined in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with the help of Geoinformatics techniques. Overlay of five parameters, viz., rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope length and steepness factor (LS), cover and management factor (C) and support & conservations practices factor (P) has been done in ArcGIS (version 10.8) software. Annual average soil erosion of the catchment is 0 to 433.43 tons/hector/year and has been classified into Six categories, defined as very high, high, moderate, low, and very low and negligible according to the severity of erosion. The high values of soil erosion (>20 tons/hector/year) found on the highlands due to the high slope and bare lands. however, low values (<10 tons/hector/year) are found on the area occupied by reservoir and dense vegetation.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Rainfall Erosivity in Southern Africa in Extreme Wet and Dry Years

Soil erosivity is a key indicator of the effectiveness of precipitation acting on the land’s surface and is mainly controlled by event-scale and seasonal weather and climatic factors but is also influenced by the nature of the land’s surface, including relief and vegetation cover. The aim of this study is to examine spatial and temporal variations in soil erosivity across southern Africa using rainfall data for the period 2000–2023 and a gridded raster spatial modelling approach. The two wettest and driest years in the record (±>1.5 standard deviation of rainfall values) were identified, which were 2000 and 2006, and 2003 and 2019, respectively. Monthly rainfall values in these extreme wet/dry years were then analyzed for four rainfall regions (arid, semiarid, subhumid, humid), identified according to their annual rainfall totals. These data were then used to calculate Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) values as an expression of rainfall seasonality, and the modified Fournier index (MFI) was used to quantify rainfall erosivity. The results show that there are significant differences in erosivity between the different climate regions based on rainfall seasonality and also their distinctive environmental settings. In turn, these reflect the synoptic climatic conditions in these regions, their different precipitation sources, and rainfall totals. The results of this study show that calculated MFI values at the national scale, which is the approach taken in most previous studies, cannot effectively describe or account for erosivity values that characterize different climatic regions at the sub-national scale. Furthermore, the mismatch between PCI and MFI spatial patterns across the region highlights that, under semiarid, and highly seasonal rainfall regimes, episodic rainfall events interspersed with periods of dryness result in significant variability in erosivity values that are unaccounted for by rainfall totals or seasonality alone. In these environments, flash floods and wind erosion result in regional-scale soil erosion and land degradation, but these processes and outcomes are not clear when considering MFI values alone. Fully evaluating spatial and temporal patterns of erosivity in their climatic and environmental contexts, as developed in this study, has implications for sediment and carbon exports, as well as identifying the major regions in which land degradation is an environmental and agricultural issue.

Rainfall Erosivity over Brazil: A Large National Database

Rainfall erosivity (RE) represents the potential of rainfall to cause soil erosion, and understanding its impact is essential for the adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Although several studies have estimated RE for Brazil, currently, no single reliable and easily accessible database exists for the country. To fill this gap, this work aimed to review the research and generate a rainfall erosivity database for Brazil. Data were gathered from studies that determined rainfall erosivity from observed rainfall records and synthetic rainfall series. Monthly and annual rainfall erosivity values were organized on a spreadsheet and in the shapefile format. In total, 54 studies from 1990 to 2023 were analyzed, resulting in the compilation of 5516 erosivity values for Brazil, of which 6.3% were pluviographic, and 93.7% were synthetic. The regions with the highest availability of information were the Northeast (35.6%), Southeast (30.1%), South (19.9%), Central-West (7.7%), and North (6.7%). The database, which can be accessed on the Mendeley Data platform, can aid professionals and researchers in adopting public policies and carrying out studies aimed at environmental conservation and management basin development.

Landscape and Soil Erosion Changes Along Different Types of Road Over the Past 30 Years in the Largest Loess Tableland of China

ABSTRACTRoad construction, as a product of modern civilization, can alter landscape patterns and accelerate erosion, especially in the loess tableland area of China with fragile eco‐environment. Different types of road could change land surface and increased soil erosion in different ways, while knowledge about this topic is limited. In this study, our objective is to evaluate the landscape and soil erosion changes along different types of road in the largest loess tableland of China. Results showed that: (1) The land use type became more diverse along the three types of road in 1990–2020, leading to increased landscape fragmentation and spatial heterogeneity. (2) Different types of road had different proportions of soil erosion values. In the expressway and provincial road, the proportion of low soil erosion values (below 100 t ha−1 yr−1) was > 70% in 1990–2020; in the national road, the proportion of low erosion values (below 100 t ha−1 yr−1) was > 50%. (3) In 1990–2020, soil erosion increased with the increase of road‐induced landscape fragmentation along the three types of road. For the expressway, soil erosion value increased from 91.5 to 98.5 t ha−1 yr−1 between 1990 and 2020; for the national road, soil erosion value increased from 174.5 to 184.8 t ha−1 yr−1; and for the provincial road, soil erosion value increased from 93.7 to 97.1 t ha−1 yr−1. (4) Effective soil and water conservation programs could mitigate erosion. Compared with the simulated soil erosion value, the actual soil erosion value decreased along the expressway, national road, and provincial road by 1.21, 3.67, and 2.96 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively, between 2005 and 2020. This study emphasizes the importance of road in aggravating erosion and the effectiveness of soil and water conservation programs in mitigating soil erosion within the loess area.

Soil erosion sensitivity of rubber plant, oil palm, and teak in Ogan Komering Ilir District

Soil erodibility was the ease with which soil erodes. The study aimed to determine the value of soil erodibility on rubber, oil palm, and teak land at PT Waimusi agroindah. The method used was a very detailed survey, assisted by digital maps. Soil samples were taken based on the study area. Soil samples were taken at 0–30 cm deep and topsoil for soil permeability analysis as well as the completeness of the tools and materials needed. The calculation of the value of soil erodibility on rubber, oil palm, and teak land has moderate criteria. The equation of these criteria in quantitative numbers for oil palm land has a value of 0.18, which was higher than rubber land at 0.15 and teak land at 0.13. While on forest land, the soil erodibility value was 0.04, so it falls into very low criteria. The conclusion of this research was that rubber, oil palm, and teak land obtained soil erosion sensitivity values with moderate criteria, and the results of soil erosion sensitivity values on forest land were classified as very low. This research was one of a series of several factors used to determine the potential for land erosion. Further research needs to be done so that the potential for erosion could be determined from all the factors that affect the potential for erosion.

Influence of the quality of electrical energy on the operation of the main elements of electric arc plasma systems for thermochemical fuel preparation

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of the quality of electrical energy on the service life of electrodes of plasma thermochemical fuel treatment systems used in thermal power plants running on coal fuel. The issues of moving the near-electrode plasma section using magnetic wave scanning are discussed in detail. The ANSYS Maxwell software was used as the main research tool. The computer simulation was performed with the following main experimental parameters: the coefficient of asymmetry in the zero sequence (K0U) is 2% and 4%; the coefficient of asymmetry in the negative sequence (K2U) is 2% and 4%; the voltage deviation dU(+) is 5% and 10%; the materials used for manufacturing electrodes: copper (Cu), a pseudo-alloy of tungsten, nickel and copper – (W + Ni + Cu), a pseudo-alloy of molybdenum, tungsten and copper – (Mo + W+ Cu). Based on the obtained simulation results, graphical representations of changes in the trajectories of the near-electrode plasma section under various distorting factors, dependences of changes in the values of specific erosion of various electrode materials, graphical dependences of changes in the service life of electrodes of plasma systems are constructed. The studies performed using computer modeling based on the ANSYS Maxwell software product made it possible to quantify the effect of voltage distortions on the trajectory of the near-electrode plasma section and, consequently, the service life of the plasmatron electrodes. In particular, in the course of the study, a detailed assessment and analysis of the degree of influence of the following indicators of electrical energy quality was performed: the coefficients of asymmetry in the negative and zero sequence, voltage deviations on the operation and technical condition of the electrodes of plasma systems. The results of the study were discussed, and recommendations were formulated for the use of plasma thermochemical fuel preparation systems used at thermal power plants to ignite the fuel of pulverized coal boilers.

Assessing monthly dynamics of agricultural soil erosion risk in Poland

Soil erosion in agricultural landscapes poses a significant threat to soil health and productivity. This study investigates the dynamics of soil erosion across agricultural lands in Poland at monthly scale using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. The study utilizes the Global Rainfall Erosivity Dataset (GLOREDA), which provides the most up-to-date and highest resolution rainfall erosivity (R) values, derived from 10-min resolution rainfall records. Additionally, satellite imagery spanning 2003 to 2023 was leveraged to estimate the cover-management (C) factor, capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation cover and agricultural practices. Results reveal significant spatio-temporal variations in soil erosion rates, with peak erosion occurring during the summer months following crop harvesting, despite not aligning precisely with peak rainfall erosivity. The lowest erosion rates are observed during the winter seasons, attributed to minimal rainfall erosivity. The findings highlight the critical role of agricultural practices, particularly the timing of crop harvesting and temporary exposure of bare soil, in driving soil erosion dynamics in Poland's agricultural landscapes. Specifically, the average annual soil loss for agricultural areas in Poland was determined to be 0.27 t ha−1 yr−1, with peak monthly soil erosion rates reaching up to 0.08 t ha−1 yr−1 in August. Total monthly soil loss from agricultural lands in Poland was estimated to be approximately 4.87 Mt. annually, with 68 % of the total annual soil loss occurring during the summer months. This study contributes valuable insights into understanding and managing soil erosion risks in agricultural systems, aiding in the development of targeted soil conservation strategies and sustainable land management practices.

The specifics оf тhe development оf soil flushing during spring snowmelt in the arable land of the northern zone of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

The results of studies of soil flushing and accumulation in the period 2009–2017 in the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe in areas with high intensity of erosive and accumulative processes are presented. A wide range of erosion values from meltwater has been established – from 0.4 to 25 mm for the spring period. The results of the application of a refined Regional model for calculating potential flushing for the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe are presented. The analysis of meteorological factors and conditions of the underlying surface affecting the distribution of values of melt runoff, flushing and accumulation of soils on arable massifs located on inclined watershed surfaces is carried out: the specificity of the distribution of meltwater flows determines the formation of zones of extreme erosion along the perimeter of arable land in the lower parts of the slope – up to 15–20 mm of soil layer. In conditions of low slope steepness, the effect of relief on erosion is largely determined by the high slope lengths and melt water flow lines. The distribution of flushing values over the area of arable land shows a close correlation with the values of snow accumulation and soil moisture. The spatial and temporal patterns of the influence of the previous autumn soil moisture on the intensity of erosion have been established: the values of flushing increase with increasing soil moisture, the average values of erosion correlate with the values of autumn soil moisture in dynamics over the years of field observations. Special soil protection measures have been proposed for sites with the most intensive flushing in the research area.

ДИНАМИКА БЕРЕГОВОЙ ЛИНИИ ЧЕРНОГО МОРЯ И ДЕЛЬТЫ РЕКИ ДУНАЙ

The coastal zone of the seas and oceans is characterized by dynamic development. Based on the use of multi-time satellite images and modern software, a quantitative assessment of changes in the area of the coastal zone and a study of the current state of the coastline is carried out. The subject of the study is the western coast of the Black Sea and the delta of the Danube River. The aim of the project is to determine the average change in the coastline and the value of coastal erosion using satellite images, as well as to identify anthropogenic impacts on the coastline in the area of the Danube River Delta.

ESTIMATION OF LENGTH AND SLOPE FACTOR (LS) AS EROSION PREDICTION IN WAY PUBIAN SUB WATERSHED

Erosion caused by land degradation is one of the main challenges to soil quality around the world. One way to prevent erosion is by analyzing the length and slope factor (LS). The increasing length of the slope causes the higher amount of cumulative runoff and also the increasing steepness of the soil slope causes the higher speed of runoff that contributes to erosion. The purpose of this research is to analyze the LS factor value of Moore and Burch (1986) method and LS Nomograph for Way Pubian Subwatershed. The research method was done with Moore and Burch method and Nomograf LS. Moore and Burch (1986) method used the flow accumulation on DEM data as the main input in ArcGIS and the result shows the LS value ranged from 0 to 765.625 with an average (mean) value of 4.427. Meanwhile, the nomograph LS method resulted in high LS values and is not compatible with the Jakarta RTL-RLKT Preparation Implementation Guidelines (1986). Slope conditions affect the amount of surface flow so that it also affects the contribution of erosion and LS value. Way Pubian sub-watershed also classified as steep, resulting in a high LS value. Based on the method of Moore and Burch (1986) using ArcGIS software, we can conclude that the results of LS factor values can be used in Indonesia compared to the nomograph LS method which the results are less suitable due to topographic factors. As a result, the LS value from Moore and Burch (1986) method can be used in erosion prediction calculation.

On the application of RHT model and SPG algorithm for the analysis of rock cutting process

The linear cutting process in rock poses challenges for verification in field experiments, laboratory investigations, or numerical simulations. This study aims to analyze the rock cutting process and disc cutter force estimation when using linear cutting mode. Three-dimensional numerical simulations using the explicit dynamic finite element method (LS-DYNA software) are conducted to characterize the cutting process. In this regard, two computational algorithms (Lagrangian and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)) and two material models (Johnson-Holmquist Concrete (JHC) and Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT)) are compared, with SPH and RHT identified as more suitable for rock cutting simulation. The results of comparative analyses show that the Lagrangian computational algorithm is highly dependent on the erosion value, hence this method is not suitable for the simulation of the rock-cutting process. Comparing to the RHT material constitutive model, the Johnson-Holmquist model does not well model the post-failure softening strain behavior, which leads to a reduction in the width of the failure area. The comparative analyses also show that the normal and rolling forces predicted by the JHC model are well over 30% higher than the actual experimental results, while the RHT model shows a good agreement between the predictions and the actual results. Overall, the RHT material model with the use of the SPH computational algorithm shows a very good combination in rock cutting process simulation.

Scots pine roots (Pinus sylvestris L.) as dendrogeomorphological indicators of soil erosion on a hiking trail in the Brodnica Lakeland, Poland NE

Trampling on hiking trails leads to vegetation degradation, promoting soil erosion. Erosion removes the topsoil, causing lasting changes and exposing tree roots. Yet, little is known about the environmental factors affecting soil erosion rates determined from tree root analysis. This study, exclusively utilizing microscopic preparations, examines tree root anatomical changes on a lowland trail in Brodnica Lakeland. It aims to understand the temporal and spatial variability of soil erosion rates using dendrogeomorphological records of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots. Up to 64 % of samples show exposure due to continuous denudation, significantly shaping the trail’s relief. Abrupt exposures and secondary growth occur in only 22 % and 14 %, respectively. The average soil erosion rate, calculated from 76 root exposures at the Bachotek site, is 1.93 ± 0.82 mm/year, ranging from 0.71 to 3.80 mm/year, with recently exposed roots exhibiting the highest average soil erosion values on the hiking trail. 45 % of root samples exhibit above-average erosion rates. Statistical analyses reveal that erosion rates (ER) are influenced by soil compaction (COM), bulk density (BULK), root orientation (ASP), and exposure length (EXP). Higher compaction and bulk density correlate with increased erosion, while roots parallel to the trail experience more erosion. Conversely, greater root exposure length leads to decreased erosion rates. These findings suggest that soil erosion on the hiking trail primarily results from gradual geomorphological processes. Wood anatomical analyses of pine roots confirm the role of trampling in initiating and accelerating these processes, altering the trail’s subsurface soil layers, and indirectly affecting soil erosion dynamics. Scots pine roots prove valuable as indicators of the temporal and spatial variability of soil erosion along the lowland trail.

MENENTUKAN NILAI ERODIBILITAS TANAH (K) PADA JENIS TANAH DI SUB DAS JENELATA

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of soil erosion for each type of cultivation in several land units (K) in Jenelata Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The Jenelata watershed is part of the Jeneberang watershed, located at 05º15'40'' - 05º25'50'' S and 119º34'45'' - 119º49'48'' E, with an area of approximately 23,733 hectares. The Jenelata watershed lies between 25 and 1375 meters above sea level. Most of the residents in the Jenelata watershed earn their livelihoods from farming and gardening. The types of land use in the Jenelata watershed include rice fields, mixed gardens, production forests, and grasslands. In the Jenelata watershed, the dominant trees are mahogany, white teak, and bamboo, while the dominant food crops/plantations are rice, corn, cassava, and cocoa. The results of the study show that cultivation activities have a significant impact on soil erosion, and the values of soil erosion were obtained from field data

Soil erodibility results of revegetation using bitti plant at various ages reclamation of quarry a lime stone mine at Pt Semen Tonasa, Pangkep District, South Sulawesi

Background: Limestone mine reclamation carried out by PT Semen Tonasa is carried out periodically as an effort to restore land conditions in a sustainable manner. The reclamation was carried out in the form of revegetation using endemic plants, namely the bitti plant (Vitex cofassus R.) which grows a lot in the southern part of Sulawesi. This study aims to determine the erodibility of the soil in limestone mine reclamation land planted with bitti plants. Methods: The method used is the survey method by determining the location of soil samples using the purposive sampling method based on the reclamation age planted with bitti plants in 2019, 2015 and 2010 and determining the erodibility value using the formula according to Wischmerier and Smith (1978). Parameters used included soil texture, soil structure, organic matter, soil permeability, soil pH, and soil unit weight. Findings: The results of this study indicate that the erodibility of the soil in the limestone mine reclamation land planted with bitti plants is classified as high due to the high dust content which is influenced by the parent material. The results of this study indicate that the erodibility value of the land reclamation in 2019 was classified as moderately low to moderately high, the land reclamation in 2015 was classified as moderate to moderately high, and the land reclamation in 2010 was classified as moderate to high. Conclusion: The factor affecting the erodibility of the soil in the reclamation area is the M value (percentage of very fine silt and sand). Novelty/Originality of this Study: The novelty of this study lies in the examination of soil erodibility changes over different reclamation ages in a limestone mine using endemic bitti plants. This research highlights the unique relationship between reclamation age and soil properties, contributing valuable insights into effective land reclamation practices in tropical karst environments.