Eriochrome Black T Research Articles

Evaluation of Hepatotoxic Potential of an Azo Dye, Eriochrome Black T on Freshwater Catfish, Clarias batrachus.

Nowadays, textile industries are one of the major contributors to water pollution, causing a devastating impact on aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of a textile azo dye, Eriochrome Black T (EBT), on the liver of a freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus. Fish were exposed to three concentrations of EBT, i.e., 1 mgL-1, 10 mgL-1 and 20 mgL-1, to evaluate oxidative stress markers such as level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity of enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx and GR), as well as histology and histochemitry following 96h of exposure. The results revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in EBT bioaccumulation, resulting in elevated level of LPO and significant variation (p < 0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The percent change calculation of oxidative stress markers of exposed fishes from control one showed that EBT had most significant impact on the fishes exposed to 20 mgL-1 of EBT. Histological and histochemical examinations also demonstrated the deteriorating impact of EBT on structural architecture of liver. Hence, the present study concludes that EBT causes detrimental impact on fish health by impairing its liver detoxification system and metabolism. Therefore, it is suggested to explore mechanism of EBT toxicity on aquatic organisms so that its hazardous risk can be monitored and preventive measures can be taken.

Hollow Biomass Adsorbent Derived from Platanus Officinalis Grafted with Polydopamine-Mediated Polyethyleneimine for the Removal of Eriochrome Black T from Water.

Platanus officinalis fibers (PFs) taking advantage of high-availability, eco-friendly and low-cost characteristics have attracted significant focus in the field of biomaterial application. Polyethyleneimine grafted with polydopamine on magnetic Platanus officinalis fibers (PEI-PDA@M-PFs) were prepared through a two-step process of mussel inspiration and the Michael addition reaction, which can work as an effective multifunctional biomass adsorbent for anionic dye with outstanding separation capacity and efficiency. The as-prepared PEI-PDA@M-PFs possess desirable hydrophilicity, magnetism and positive charge, along with abundant amino functional groups on the surface, facilitating efficient adsorption and the removal of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dyes from water. In addition to the formation mechanism, the adsorption properties, including adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and the reusability of the absorbent, were studied intensively. The as-prepared PEI-PDA@M-PFs achieved a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 166.11 mg/g under optimal conditions (pH 7.0), with 10 mg of the adsorbent introduced into the EBT solution. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models were well matched with experimental data. Moreover, thermodynamic data ΔH > 0 revealed homogeneous chemical adsorption with a heat-absorption reaction. The adsorbent remained at high stability and recyclability even after five cycles of EBT adsorption processes. These above findings provide new insights into the adsorption processes and the development of biologic material for sustainable applications.

Photo-stimulated self-cleaning oxidized g–C3N4-polypyrrole composite membrane for fractionating EBT dyes from salts and separating oil-in-water emulsions

The widespread discharge of industrial wastewater containing dyes and emulsified oils significantly contributes to water pollution. Photoactive self-cleaning membranes can effectively filter out these contaminants; however, developing a stable and efficient photoactive layer remains challenging. This study addresses this by oxidizing graphitic carbon nitride (g–C3N4) to enhance its interaction with polypyrrole. The oxidized g–C3N4 was then polymerized with pyrrole to form a durable self-cleaning composite membrane capable of separating Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye from salts and removing surfactant-stabilized oil from water. To prepare the membrane, g–C3N4 was synthesized from melamine using a single-step thermal process, followed by oxidation to produce O–g–C3N4. The resultant α-Al2O3@PPy/O–g–C3N4 membrane exhibited superior structural stability, hydrophilicity (contact angle of 13 ± 0.69°), and underwater oleophobicity (153.2 ± 2.14°), attributed to its polar functional groups. The membrane also showed excellent fractionation performance, effectively separating EBT from various salts, with salt permeabilities of NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and MgCl2 in the range of 82 to 97 %, and achieving over 96 % rejection of EBT dye. The α-Al2O3@PPy/O–g–C3N4 membranes also demonstrated outstanding separation efficiency (>99 %) for water’s vegetable, diesel, and petroleum ether emulsions. It has been observed that α-Al2O3@PPy/g–C3N4 membranes have less fouling resistance than α-Al2O3@PPy/O–g–C3N4. After EBT fouling, membranes were exposed to solar light for 30 min, restoring 96 % of flux with unchanged separation efficiency. The photo-responsive self-cleaning feature of α-Al2O3@PPy/O–g–C3N4 renders it an advanced anti-fouling membrane suitable for separating various emulsions and dye/salt fractionation.

Development of a Multiplex Colorimetric Genetic Analysis Microchip for Identifying Foodborne Pathogens Using 3D-Printer

The rapid and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is paramount for safeguarding public health and ensuring the safety of food supplies. In this study, we introduce a groundbreaking approach in the form of a 3D printed multiplex colorimetric genetic analysis microchip tailored specifically for point-of-care analysis of foodborne pathogens. This microchip represents a significant advancement in genetic analysis technology, offering a streamlined and efficient solution for on-site detection.Conventional methods for fabricating genetic analysis chips often involve photolithography, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and technically demanding. In contrast, our microchip is fabricated using stereolithography-digital light processing (SL-DLP) technology, which offers several distinct advantages. SL-DLP is known for its convenience, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness, making it an ideal choice for the rapid and scalable production of genetic analysis chips. By leveraging this innovative fabrication technique, we have overcome many of the limitations associated with traditional manufacturing methods, paving the way for enhanced accessibility and widespread adoption of genetic analysis technologies.The genetic analysis microchip consists of several key components, each meticulously designed to facilitate efficient and accurate detection of foodborne pathogens. Central to its functionality is the inclusion of a cell sample solution inlet, which allows for the introduction of the sample into the microchip. This inlet is strategically positioned to ensure uniform distribution of the sample throughout the microchip, maximizing the efficiency of the detection process. Additionally, the microchip features four reaction chambers, each dedicated to the isothermal amplification of a different target pathogen. This multiplexing capability enables simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens, greatly enhancing the efficiency and throughput of the analysis process.To further streamline the detection process, the microchip incorporates four loop-mediated isothermal reaction (LAMP) reagent inlets, allowing for the pre-loading of lyophilized reagents into each reaction chamber. This pre-loading step eliminates the need for manual addition of reagents, reducing the risk of contamination and human error. Furthermore, the microchip is fabricated using a photocurable resin composed of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) (MW=258), which offers several advantages. Notably, this resin enables the printing of high-resolution and transparent structures, facilitating clear observation of color changes indicative of successful gene amplification.To enable colorimetric genetic analysis, Eriochrome Black T (EBT) is added to the LAMP reagent, inducing a distinctive color change upon amplification of the target gene. This colorimetric signal serves as a visual indicator of pathogen presence, allowing for rapid and intuitive interpretation of results. In our experiments, we successfully detected four common foodborne pathogens - Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Listeria monocytogenes - within a remarkably short timeframe of 20 minutes. This rapid turnaround time is critical for timely intervention and mitigation of foodborne illness outbreaks.To assess the sensitivity of our microchip, we conducted a limit of detection (LOD) test using samples containing varying concentrations of the target pathogen. Remarkably, we were able to detect as few as 10 cells of the pathogen with a high degree of accuracy, underscoring the sensitivity and reliability of our approach. Furthermore, in multiplex detection tests, each target gene was independently detected within dedicated LAMP chambers, demonstrating the microchip's exceptional specificity and its ability to accurately distinguish between different pathogens.Importantly, the simplicity of fabrication and the readiness for on-site analysis make our microchip highly versatile and adaptable to a wide range of applications beyond food safety. In addition to foodborne pathogen detection, our microchip holds promise for use in clinical diagnosis, forensic analysis, and environmental monitoring. By enabling rapid and accurate genetic analysis in diverse settings, our microchip has the potential to revolutionize the field of molecular diagnostics and significantly improve public health outcomes.In summary, we have developed a novel 3D printed multiplex colorimetric genetic analysis microchip that represents a significant advancement in point-of-care diagnostic technology. By combining state-of-the-art fabrication techniques with innovative design principles, we have created a powerful tool for the rapid and reliable detection of foodborne pathogens. Moving forward, we envision widespread adoption of our microchip as a cornerstone of food safety protocols, facilitating proactive measures to protect consumer health and prevent foodborne illness outbreaks.

Study of the Adsorption of Eriochrome Black T on Charged Macrospheres Based on Polyglycidyl Methacrylate-Graft-Polyvinyl Chloride

The efficient removal of pollutants from aqueous systems remains a significant challenge in environmental science and engineering, particularly when dealing with hazardous dyes commonly found in industrial wastewater. Our research described in this paper investigated the adsorption of the dye, Eriochrome Black T (EBT), a synthetic azo dye widely used in various industries, onto charged macrospheres based on polyglycidyl methacrylate-graft-polyvinyl chloride (P1). The macrospheres were prepared using the synthesized graft copolymer P1 by the phase inversion method and functionalized by quaternary hydrazine to introduce charged groups on the surface of these macrospheres, enhancing their affinity for the anionic EBT dye. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on the adsorption process were evaluated. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were applied to elucidate the mechanism of this adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the experimental data of the adsorption process was well-fitted by the Langmuir model isotherm and the charged macrospheres exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for EBT. In the thermodynamic study the adsorption process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous at room temperature. Besides, the kinetics study revealed that the adsorption process was better described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2= 0.992) than the pseudo-first-order model (R2= 0.963), suggesting that chemisorption was the adsorption process. The mechanism of this adsorption was mainly based on electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the adsorbent and the adsorbate.

Highly Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalysts: Bi2O3@TiO2 Derived from Ti-MOFs for Eriochrome Black T Degradation: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study

Herein, we synthesized Ti-MOF through a solvothermal method and subsequently calcined it to form anatase TiO2. We further developed a Bi2O3@TiO2 mixed oxide using impregnation and calcination processes. These oxides showed significant photocatalytic activity for degrading Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye under visible light irradiation. We characterized the prepared samples using various techniques, including XRD, XPS, FTIR, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM, and UV-DRS analyses. Our results indicated that TiO2 and 10%Bi2O3@TiO2 achieved 80% and 100% degradation of EBT dye solution (50 ppm) within 30 min in acidic medium with a 50 mg catalyst dose, respectively. The calcination of the Ti-MOF into TiO2 improved its sensitivity to visible light. The Bi2O3@TiO2 composite was also effective in degrading other organic pollutants, such as Congo Red (degradation ~99%), Malachite Green (degradation ~95%), Methylene Blue (degradation ~81%), and Safranine O (degradation ~69%). The impregnation of Bi2O3 increased the surface acidity of TiO2, enhancing its photocatalytic activity by promoting hydroxyl group formation through increased water adsorption. Additionally, 10%Bi2O3@TiO2 demonstrated excellent chemical stability and reusability, maintaining high degradation efficiency over four cycles. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were performed to understand the degradation mechanisms. UV-Vis absorption spectrum simulations suggested that the anionic HEB−2 (O24) or EB−3 forms of the EBT dye are likely to undergo degradation. This study highlights the potential of Bi2O3@TiO2 composites for effective photocatalytic applications in environmental remediation.

Synergistic degradation of toxic azo dyes using Mn-CuO@Biochar: An efficient adsorptive and photocatalytic approach for wastewater treatment

Congo red (CR) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) is a toxic azo dye with a complex structure which represents a serious Ecotoxicological hazards for aquatic bodies. This research investigates the synergistic effects of Corn plants biochar and manganese (Mn)-composited copper oxide (CuO) in the adsorptive and photocatalytic degradation of toxic anionic dyes i.e. CR and EBT. The acquired materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, XPS, TEM, BET, ZP, and pHZc test. The experiment demonstrated that Mn-CuO@BC composite exhibited a remarkable adsorption of ∼ 98 % and ∼ 95 % and photocatalytic degradation of 92 % and 88 % for CR and EBT respectively. It was further found that coupling of the H2O2 with Mn-CuO@BC enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of catalyst for CR and EBT i.e. upto ∼ 98 % and 96 % respectively possibly owing to the efficient ●OH radical. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo 2nd order model, indicating predominant chemisorption, and adsorption isotherms fit well with the Langmuir model. Further, toxicity degradation products of EBT were examined through ECOSAR indicated a reduced ecological impact. In general, this work highlight the dual functional advantages of the Mn-CuO@BC composite, providing an efficient and versatile approach for wastewater treatment involving complex dye pollutants.

Synergistic impact of Fe–Zr in novel hybrid aminoclay catalytic TFC membrane for ultrafast emerging pollutant remediation

Finding new class of materials to overcome limitation in conventional membranes is a challenging task. Use of naturally stable and sustainable alternative materials stock is an emerging task. In this direction, a novel iron-zirconium hybrid aminoclay (FZ-AC) has emerged as a promising catalyst effectively employed to alleviate fouling concerns within the framework of a biopolymer-based thin film composite (TFC), constructed on a cellulose acetate (CA) support. Notably, FZ-AC exhibits remarkable catalytic activity in the degradation of foulants through potential free radicals generated from Fe and Zr active centres in synergy with oxidising agent. The optimised catalytic membrane (FZ-TFC-1) exhibited an ultrafast degradation of congo red (CR), eriochrome black-T (EBT), crystal violet (CV), methylene blue (MB), red-brown dye (RBn), bisphenol-A (BPA), azithromycin (AZC), and Cr(VI) within 4 min. The cooperative action of redox centres of Fe and Zr metal ions synergistically accelerated the swift production of reactive species and facilitated the efficient degradation of pollutants within a notably short timeframe. Furthermore, >95% of above dyes rejection was achieved with >67 L m−2.h−1 of flux. The results of a long-term study demonstrated that FZ-TFC membranes exhibit exceptional stability, retaining their performance for a duration up to 150 h. This extended period of stability underscores the superiority of these membranes over alternative counterparts, suggesting their robustness and reliability for sustained operation in various applications. This strategic utilization of FZ-AC representing a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy and longevity of nanofiltration membranes, thereby advancing the frontier of membrane-based separation technologies.

Study of Fe3O4 and Cu2+ doped modified Fe3O4 nano catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and eriochrome black-T dyes: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial assessment

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of undoped Fe3O4 and 3% Cu-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a cost-effective and environmentally friendly co-precipitation method. A comprehensive suite of nanomaterial characterization techniques, including energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was employed to confirm the elemental composition, structural parameters, and chemical states of the prepared materials. Additionally, fragmentation analysis using LC–MS illustrated the structural stability and breakdown of the nanoparticles under specific conditions. Both the materials were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for investigating the magnetic, and surface characteristics respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation efficiency towards methylene blue and eriochrome black T dyes. A systematic investigation of various parameters, including the pH of the dye solution, dye concentration over time, catalyst dose, dye concentration versus degradation, catalyst reusability, and kinetic study, was conducted to understand the factors influencing the photocatalytic activity of both undoped and Cu-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The LC-MS analysis predicted the probable degradation pathways of MB and EBT dyes. This work provides insights into the sustainable synthesis, comprehensive characterization, and practical application of Fe3O4-based nanoparticles for water treatment applications, highlighting their potential as efficient and environmentally benign Photocatalyst for wastewater remediation. An investigation was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial properties of both undoped and doped nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined against the bacterial strains E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes, as well as the fungal strains C. albicans, A. niger, and A. clavatus.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Eriochrome Black T onto Pinecone Powders (Pinus nigra Arn.): Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamic Studies

In this study, methylene blue (MB) and eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes were removed with the waste Pinus nigra Arn. powders from Anatolian black pinecone (PC-PnA) within the framework of sustainability. UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and point of zero charge (pHpzc) analyses were performed for the characterization of PC-PnAs. The effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, time, initial concentration and temperature were determined by batch adsorption experiments. Four kinetic and isotherm models were examined, and error function tests were used for the most suitable model. According to this, the average pore diameters, mass losses at 103.9 and 721.6 °C and pHpzc values of PC-PnAs were found as 61.661 Å, 5.9%, 30%, and 5.77, respectively. Additionally, the most suitable kinetic and isotherm models for the removal of both dyes were Langmuir and pseudo-second-order. The maximum removal efficiencies (qmax) for MB and EBT dyes was calculated as 91.46 and 15.85 mg/g, respectively and the adsorption process was found to be endothermic. As a result, PC-PnA particles can be used as an alternative sorbent for the removal of MB and EBT dyes.

TMAB modified NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the Effective removal of Eriochrome Black-T azo dye

The Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) azo dye was removed from aqueous solution using TMAB (tetramethyl ammonium bromide) stabilised NiFe2O4 (TMAB@NFO) nanoparticles, which have been synthesized through polymeric precursor method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were used to analyse the TMAB@NFO nanoparticles. Adsorption studies were conducted under a variety of conditions, including pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were used to analyse the kinetic data. According to the systematic study of adsorption isotherms and kinetics models, TMAB@NFO nanoparticles will adsorb EBT dye utilising the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion model revealed a linear relationship (R2 - 0.98, 0.97, and 0.94 for TMAB@NiFe2O4 and bare NiFe2O4-NPs), demonstrating how surface modification influences the overall EBT adsorption process and the pore diffusion rate. Additionally, the manufactured nano adsorbents of NiFe2O4 were effectively regenerated and reused after the treatments up to four times following the elimination of 89% of EBT dye by TMAB@NiFe2O4-NPs. The results have demonstrated the enormous potential of TMAB @NiFe2O4-NPs to eliminate EBT in a practical way. KEY WORDS: Tetramethyl ammonium bromide, NiFe2O4, EBT, Surface capping, Adsorption, Kinetics Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(6), 1569-1581. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i6.6

Sustainable and facile fabrication of chitosan-coated silver-doped zinc oxide nanocomposites exploiting Bergera koenigii foliage for enhanced photocatalysis and antibacterial activity

Industrial and academic chemical pollutants such as Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) and murexide dyes are widely used in academic institution as well as industries, when eluted into rivers, delineate the ill effect on human and aquatic life. Herein, green and ecofriendly synthesis of silver doped-Zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag/ZnO NPs) and chitosan coated Ag/ZnO nanoparticles (CS/Ag/ZnO NPs) using Bergera koenigii extract to solve environmental issues have been reported for the first time. Spherical and agglomerated particles with crystalline flakes like morphology of Ag/ZnO NPs and CS/Ag/ZnO NPs respectively have been ascertained by Scanning electron morphology (SEM) analyses and XRD. XRD analysis revealed the average crystallite size of 42.16 nm and 48.45 nm for Ag/ZnO NPs with 5 % and 10 % Ag concentration respectively, lesser than crystallite size of 47.394 nm and 52.38 nm for CS-5 % Ag/ZnO NC and CS-10 % Ag/ZnO NC respectively. All the synthesized NPs and NC demonstrated remarkable antibacterial potential against both gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria. Additionally, all the materials showed very high time-dependent photocatalytic degradation activity (>98 %) of EBT and murexide in 12 min. Remarkably, all active nano-catalysts exhibit high durability, and displayed recyclability for >8 cycles. In nutshell, chitosan coated nano-catalyst showed drastic improvement in photocatalytic and antibacterial activities.

Comparative analysis of EBT dye removal using Spartium junceum and derived activated carbon: experimental and DFT insights

ABSTRACT This study explores the use of Spartium junceum biomass (SJ) to create activated carbon (SJAC) through a one-step activation with phosphoric acid. Characterisation of SJ and SJAC was conducted using FTIR spectroscopy, pHpzc measurement, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and SEM to analyse their surface chemical groups, morphology, and texture. Results showed that SJAC has a well-developed mesoporous structure, high pore volume, and a significantly enhanced specific surface area (325.759 m2 g−1) compared to raw SJ (1.647 m2 g−1). The adsorptive performance of SJ and SJAC was tested by removing the anionic dye Eriochrome Black T (EBT). Using central composite design under response surface methodology, batch experiments were optimised for factors like pH, adsorbent dosage, initial EBT concentration, and contact time. Optimal conditions were determined using a desirability function. Adsorption data were analysed with various isothermal models, showing that the Freundlich model best described SJ, while the Langmuir model was more suitable for SJAC. SJAC exhibited an exceptional adsorption capacity of 261.36 mg g−1, about five times higher than SJ. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process for both sorbents was spontaneous and endothermic. Density functional theory was used to investigate the adsorption mechanism of EBT on SJ and SJAC, identifying multiple mechanisms such as electrostatic interactions, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking, with pore filling being the primary mechanism for SJAC. SJAC maintained over 77% EBT adsorption efficiency across four reuse cycles, highlighting its potential for EBT remediation applications.

Photocatalytically active layered double hydroxide-PVDF composite membranes for effective remediation of dyes contaminated water

In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) intercalated CuFe layered double hydroxides (LDH) membranes were fabricated and investigated for UV-LED/persulfate degradation of methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), methyl orange (MO), and Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes from water. The PVDF-CuFe membrane exhibited improved heterogeneity, surface functionality (CuO, Fe–O, Cu–O–Fe), surface roughness, and hydrophilicity. The process parameters were optimized by response surface methodology, and maximum MB removal (100%) was achieved within 45.22–178.5 min at MB concentration (29.45–101.93 mg/L), PP concentration (0.5–2.41 g/L) and catalyst dosage (1.84–1.95 g/L). The degradation kinetics was well described by a pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.982) and fast reaction rate (0.029–0.089/min). The MB dye degradation mechanism is associated with HO·/SO4•− reactive species generated by Fe3+/Fe2+ or Cu2+/Cu+ in PVDF-CuFe membrane and PP dissociation. The PVDF-CuFe membrane demonstrated excellent recyclability performance with a 12% reduction after five consecutive cycles. The catalytic membrane showed excellent photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet (100%), methyl orange (79%), and Eriochrome black T (60%). The results showed that UV-LED/persulfate-assisted PVDF-CuFe membranes can be used as a recyclable catalyst for the effective degradation of dye-contaminated water streams.

Plant-based synthesis of Selenium-doped Silver/Magnesium Oxide/Zinc Oxide nanocomposite using Mentha pulegium to investigate their photocatalytic and biological properties

In this study, the photocatalytic test and biological effects of Selenium-doped Silver/ Magnesium Oxide/ Zinc Oxide nanocomposite (Se-doped Ag/MgO/ZnO) have been studied. The samples were synthesized by a green method with Mentha pulegium plant extract and investigated by different analyses. The outcomes of X-ray and FESEM display crystal nature and flower-like morphology. According to the ICP results, the removal efficiency of Pb+2 ions was equal to 72 %. The photocatalytic test of the nanocomposite investigated to degradation of organic dyes, and the results show that the degradation percentage of RhB (Rhodamine B), EBT (Eriochrome Black T), MO (Methyl Orange), and MB (Methylene Blue) dyes were about 73 %, 96 %, 99 %, and 97 % respectively. Also, the toxicity of the Se-doped Ag/MgO/ZnO) was studied against the cancer B16F0 cell line and the IC50 value was reported as 269.6 μg/mL.

Robust Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Eriochrome Black-T Using a Green Organo-photooxidative Method

Robust Visible Light-Induced Degradation of Eriochrome Black-T Using a Green Organo-photooxidative Method

Upcycling waste polymer membranes through eco-friendly solvent-catalysed valorisation for energy and environmental solutions

A facile pathway of upcycling waste/discarded polysulfone (WPSF) membranes has been proposed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) system composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (CC:EG) in 1:1 ratio as a green template. This approach offers a viable solution for addressing polymer membrane waste management challenges while simultaneously promoting feasible method, resource efficiency and economic viability. The WPSF was doped with Mn ions prior to the solvothermal conversion at 200 °C and pyrolysis at 900 °C. The obtained functional porous carbon showed superior adsorption capacity towards Malachite green (MG) (423.72 mg/g), Eriochrome black-T (EBT) (326.79 mg/g), Diclofenac (DCF) (195.31 mg/g), and Ofloxacin (OFX) (121.8 mg/g). The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics and well agreed with Langmuir isotherm. Further, the optimised carbon material i.e., Mn-WPSF-01 was used as an adsorptive-based membrane water filtration system, in which a remarkable water flux about 965 L.m−2.h−1 for different feed streams with outstanding rejection of >90% even after ten cycles of regeneration was obtained. Therefore, Mn-doped carbon materials integrate the advantages of easy preparation, robustness, and effective adsorption performances, as well as good recyclability. Furthermore, the utilized or secondary carbon materials were used as electrode system in supercapacitors after the pyrolysis, where they displayed a specific capacitance of 110.88 F/g at 0.1 A/g of current density with capacity retention 90.85% for about 20,000 cycles with a current density increased to 5 A/g. Therefore, this approach promises to recycle the WPSF via potential applications in water treatment and energy applications through greener way.

Alteration in oxidative stress markers, digestive physiology and gut microbiota of Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus exposed to eriochrome black T

Synthetic dyes are the primary cause of water pollution in industrial regions. Azo dyes account for 60–70% of such dyes used in the textile sector due to their numerous beneficial characteristics. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the toxicity of Eriochrome Black T (EBT), a widely used azo dye in the textile industry. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of EBT exposure on two catfish species, Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus. Following 96 h exposure to 1, 10 and 20 mgL−1 of EBT, the MDA content and activities of SOD, CAT and GR exhibited a rising trend. However, as the concentration of EBT increased in both species, GPx showed decreased activity. EBT exposure also altered gut morphometry as well as the three main digestive enzymes activity (increase in lipase and trypsin activity, while decrease in amylase activity). In addition, the exposure of EBT had a significant impact on the gut microbiota of both species. C. batrachus demonstrated the suppression or absence of beneficial gut commensals (Bacillus and Cetobacterium), whereas H. fossilis revealed the proliferation and appearance of beneficial commensal microbes (Bacillus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Megashaera). Furthermore, the expansion or absence of these microbial communities indicated that the gut microbiota of both species was involved in dye digestion, immunity and detoxification. Overall, the percent change calculation of all the selected biomarkers, together with gut microbiota analysis, indicates that C. batrachus was more vulnerable to EBT exposure than H. fossilis. The present investigation effectively demonstrated the toxic impact of EBT on fish health by employing oxidative stress markers, digestive enzymes, and the fish gut microbiota as a promising tool for screening the impact of dye exposure on digestive physiology in toxicological research.

The development of Giant reed biochar for adsorption of Basic Blue 41 and Eriochrome Black T. azo dyes from wastewater

The textile industry is discharging high concentrations of anionic and cationic azo dyes into the nearby environment, which can cause adverse effects on public health, and the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study aimed to develop giant reed biochar and apply for the removal of Basic blue 41 (BB41) and Eriochrome black T (EBT) azo dyes from water. Characterization techniques such as BET surface area analyzer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were applied for biochar description. The biochar exhibits a high fixed carbon content (80.4%), a low ash content (3.8%), a large surface area (429.0 m2/g), and good thermal stability. High removal efficiencies of BB41 98.6% and EBT 82.5% were recorded at the specific experimental condition. The experimental data were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model at R2 0.99 for both dyes whereas the adsorption kinetics revealed the pseudo-second-order kinetics at R2∼\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\sim$$\\end{document} 1 and 0.99 for BB41 and EBT, respectively. Furthermore, four regenerations of biochar with adsorption performances of BB41 and EBT dyes were found to be 94.7% and 79.1%, respectively. Finally, this adsorbent can be considered an economically viable material for the removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater systems. In conclusion, the study findings showed that the adsorbent material is promising to apply for water and wastewater treatment but still, the study of adsorption interaction and modifications of the surface functionalities are essential to accommodate multipollutant removal from real water systems.

A strategy for the efficient removal of acidic and basic dyes in wastewater by organophilic magadiite@alginate beads: Box-Behnken Design optimization

In this study, four adsorbents were developed: layered silicate magadiite material (mag), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium intercalated magadiite (HDTMA@mag), a cross-linked composite of sodium alginate and magadiite (ALG@mag) and a cross-linked composite of sodium alginate and HDTMA@magadiite (ALG@HDTMA@mag). The adsorbents were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing of Methylene Blue (MB) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dyes. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and zeta potential measurements. Kinetic modeling results indicated that both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion are useful as rate-determining processes in adsorption for all adsorbents. For both dyes, the Langmuir isotherm model provided a good correlation with the adsorption equilibrium data. ANOVA analysis for the best adsorbent (ALG@HDTMA@mag beads) revealed that MB removal was significantly influenced by the positive individual effects of contact time and ALG@HDTMA@mag dose. However, the individual effect of MB concentration exhibited an antagonistic effect throughout the adsorption process. The optimal parameters for achieving an adsorption capacity of 118.54 mg/g were a dye concentration of 60 ppm, a contact period of 1800 min, and an ALG@HDTMA@mag dose of 50 mg.