Ergonomic Issues Research Articles

Ergonomics in bronchoscopy.

This study examines ergonomic considerations in bronchoscopic procedures, surveying existing research, injury rates, contributing factors, and practical ergonomic controls. The field of ergonomics examines the relationship between workers and their workplace to enhance productivity and minimize injuries. Bronchoscopists may face ergonomic hazards due to extended periods of maintaining fixed positions, repetitive actions, and the design of both tools and procedure spaces. Studies on the ergonomics of bronchoscopy have revealed a wide range of musculoskeletal issues among practitioners. Those new to the field, including trainees and early-career professionals, may be particularly vulnerable to injuries compared to their more experienced counterparts. Implementing a systematic approach, such as that proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, could help reduce physical stress, discomfort, and the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders for bronchoscopists. Bronchoscopists increasingly face ergonomic issues in their practice. Despite available measures to address these problems, the field lacks uniform ergonomic guidelines for bronchoscopy. To safeguard bronchoscopists' health and safety from the outset of their careers, more studies and training focused on ergonomics in bronchoscopy are needed.

Assessment of Employees' Ergonomic Issues in The Workplace in Terms of Occupational Health and Safety Practices: A Meta-Analysis Study

Purpose: This study is a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating ergonomic issues in workplaces in terms of occupational health and safety practices. Materials and Methods: This study is of a meta-analytic nature. Data used in the meta-analysis were obtained through searches on databases such as Google Scholar, YÖK Thesis, EBSCO, and Web Of Science without any time restrictions between January and March 2024. A total of 15 research studies were included in the search results. The data obtained were synthesized using narrative synthesis and meta-analysis methods. The total sample size of the studies used in this study is 65,160. Results: In this meta-analysis study, it was found that the practices implemented for addressing ergonomic issues faced by employees in the workplace were effective (SMD: 0.367, 95% CI: 0.055-0.679; Z = 2.305, p = 0.021, I2 = 97.761%, Q = 625.169). The variance among studies is statistically significant according to the analysis results (p < 0.05). It is believed that challenges related to the structure of work in workplaces lead to various discomforts in employees, and therefore, ergonomic practices can minimize physical strains on employees, contribute to work efficiency, and enhance employee health and safety.

Occupational Health and Safety Risks Associated with Grass Trimmers in One of the Universities in Zimbabwe

Objectives: This research intends to investigate occupational health and safety risks associated with grass-trimming activities at a local university in Zimbabwe and recommend on ways to reduce the risks. Methods: A mixed-method approach was adopted and the research was based on a case study design. Data was collected using questionnaires, observations, and interviews, with a total of 27 participants involved in the study. Data was analysed using thematic analysis and ranking and scoring using a ranking matrix. Results: The findings revealed that the most prevalent risks were attributed to factors such as physical hazards which include noise, dust, solar radiation, and ergonomic issues. Among the identified causes of these risks were a lack of training, and improper use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: The research concluded that grass-trimming operations introduce various health and safety risks that need to be effectively managed to ensure the well-being of workers and the general public. The researchers recommended the implementation of comprehensive training programs for employees, proper use of protective clothing and equipment to avoid noise and dust such as the use of earplugs, masks and regular maintenance of the grass trimming equipment and machines.

A smart and sustainable framework resolving safety and ergonomics issues in underground mining: A review and insight for future scenario

A smart and sustainable framework resolving safety and ergonomics issues in underground mining: A review and insight for future scenario

Computational biomechanics for a standing human body: Modal analysis and simulation.

We develop computational mechanical modeling and methods for the analysis and simulation of the motions of a human body. This type of work is crucial in many aspects of human life, ranging from comfort in riding, the motion of aged persons, sports performance and injuries, and many ergonomic issues. A prevailing approach for human motion studies is through lumped parameter models containing discrete masses for the parts of the human body with empirically determined spring, mass, damping coefficients. Such models have been effective to some extent; however, a much more faithful modeling method is to model the human body as it is, namely, as a continuum. We present this approach, and for comparison, we choose two digital CAD models of mannequins for a standing human body, one from the versatile software package LS-DYNA and another from open resources with some of our own adaptations. Our basic view in this paper is to regard human motion as a perturbation and vibration from an equilibrium position which is upright standing. A linear elastodynamic model is chosen for modal analysis, but a full nonlinear viscoelastoplastic extension is possible for full-body simulation. The motion and vibration of these two mannequin models is analyzed by modal analysis, where the normal vibration modes are determined. LS-DYNA is used as the supercomputing and simulation platform. Four sets of low-frequency modes are tabulated, discussed, visualized, and compared. Higher frequency modes are also selectively displayed. We have found that these modes of motion and vibration form intrinsic basic modes of biomechanical motion of the human body. This view is supported by our finding of the upright walking motion as a low-frequency mode in modal analysis. Such a "walking mode" shows the in-phase and out-of-phase movements between the legs and arms on the left and right sides of a human body, implying that this walking motion is spontaneous, likely not requiring any directives from the brain. Dynamic motions of CAD mannequins are also simulated by drop tests for comparisons and the validity of the models is discussed through Fourier frequency analysis. All computed modes of motion are collected in several sets of video animations for ease of visualization. Samples of LS-DYNA computer codes are also included for possible use by other researchers.

Ergonomic Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies for Retail Workers: Insights from a Case Study in Dungun

Manual handling activities contribute to 40% of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), leading to long-term discomfort, disability, medical costs, and financial hardships for workers, while employers face lower productivity and compensation costs. An ergonomic assessment was conducted among employees at ABC Hardware in Dungun to identify ergonomic risk factors, determine the likelihood of harm affecting workers' musculoskeletal health, and recommend control measures to improve workers' health and well-being. Utilizing a combination of interviews, observations, and questionnaires based on established ergonomics guidelines, the research highlights the prevalence of MSDs among workers engaged in manual handling tasks, emphasizing the need for ergonomic interventions and awareness to enhance workplace safety and employee well-being. Findings from the ergonomic assessment revealed significant discomfort and risk factors related to awkward postures, repetitive motions, forceful exertion, and static positions. Specific ergonomic issues identified include discomfort in the upper back, thighs, and knees among storekeepers, and neck and lower back pain among warehouse workers. Service desk representatives were found to experience discomfort related to static postures and repetitive motions. The study recommends advanced ergonomic assessments such as Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Occupational Repetitive Assessment (OCRA), and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), along with improvements in ergonomic practices and tools. Implementing job rotation, providing ergonomic equipment, and conducting training on proper lifting techniques are essential to address the identified risks. This research highlights the critical role of ergonomic practices in preventing MSDs and improving overall workplace safety.

Perception and Knowledge of Correct Ergonomics Among Health Care Professionals in Memon Medical Institute Hospital

Background: Ergonomics is the science of adapting the workplace to suit human physical capabilities and limitations. Proper ergonomic practices can prevent musculoskeletal disorders and improve workplace productivity and employee satisfaction. Healthcare professionals are particularly susceptible to ergonomic issues due to the physical demands of their jobs. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the perception and awareness of correct ergonomics among healthcare professionals at Memon Medical Institute Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Memon Medical Institute Hospital over three months. A total of 150 participants, including doctors, paramedical staff, and office workers, were selected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Exclusion criteria included individuals with a history of trauma or malignant conditions. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. The chi-square test was employed to examine the relationship between ergonomic knowledge and practice, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 150 participants, 56.7% were male and 43.3% female. 85 participants (56.7%) reported knowledge of ergonomics, while 65 (43.3%) did not. A significant relationship was found between ergonomic knowledge and its application (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The majority of healthcare professionals at Memon Medical Institute Hospital are aware of ergonomic principles and apply them effectively, which can help reduce musculoskeletal disorders and improve productivity.

Practical Aspects of the Organization of Ergonomics Committees in the Context of the Quality of Ergonomic Activities Undertaken in Manufacturing Enterprises

Theoretical background: In order to systematize ergonomic activities in the enterprise, some of them decide to establish ergonomics committees whose task is to solve problems in this area and also to propose new, often innovative solutions for implementation. The structures of these units often include employees from different departments who have a different view of ergonomics depending on the position they hold. However, the organization of ergonomics committees can cause many problems due to the lack of top-down guidelines for their activities (each company must establish its own rules). In scientific research on the ergonomic aspects of projects, there is a tendency to look for factors that favor the diffusion of ergonomic issues in their implementation. One such factor may be the creation of an ergonomics committee to pursue ergonomic goals. Their activities are not described in detail in the literature (there are no practical guidelines for their functioning), which is why the topic is discussed in this article. Purpose of the article: The main goal of this article is to present propositions for actions that can be taken to systematize the functioning of the ergonomics committees and to link this task with the quality of ergonomics management in manufacturing enterprises. The aim of the article is also to describe, using a practical examples, various aspects of the operation of ergonomics committees and to indicate guidelines for their establishment and activities. Thus, the article aims to fill the research gap in the field of creating ergonomics committees. Research methods: The research used the interview method with participants of ergonomics committees from companies from various industries. The questions were asked in the following groups: organization and functioning of the ergonomics unit in the enterprise and assessment of the effects of the ergonomics team’s activities. The respondents were participants of the ergonomics committees, which was appointed at least 2 years earlier, the industries represented by the respondents are: automotive (2 companies) and furniture production. Data obtained in three selected enterprises (through informal interviews) where such committees operate, as well as a literature review in this area, were used to formulate these suggestions. The results of the undertaken research allowed for the identification of practical aspects of the functioning and organization of the ergonomics committees. This is an innovative area of research due to the fact that few scientific studies describe such units and guidelines for their practical implementation. Main findings: The main result of the undertaken research was to indicate the categories in which the activities of ergonomics committees should be considered and to provide practical guidelines for their activity. These guidelines are presented as structured areas for consideration when establishing an ergonomics committee: (1) establishing the principles of operation and reporting; (2) determining the composition of the committee; (3) determining the scope of activity of the committee; (4) providing appropriate training for committee’s representatives; (5) support for the committee’s activities. The most important conclusion from the undertaken research is the indication that each enterprise must plan the operation of the committee taking into account its internal conditions. The conclusions from the conducted research were supplemented with indications of directions for further research into the conditions for the functioning of ergonomics committees in manufacturing companies.

Challenges and Opportunities in Navigating the Intersection of AI and Ergonomics in the Indian Market

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with ergonomics is revolutionizing workplace design and efficiency. AIdriven systems analyze human biomechanics and task repetition, providing data to optimize workspaces and minimize musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In manufacturing, AI-powered automation reduces physical strain and employs predictive analytics to preempt ergonomic issues. The IT sector benefits from AI-enhanced workstation optimization, especially in remote setups. Healthcare uses AI to refine equipment design and reduce strain through task automation. Construction leverages AI for hazard mitigation and efficient task scheduling. Challenges include high costs, limited expertise, cultural resistance, and infrastructure constraints. Overcoming these requires targeted incentives, education, and scalable solutions. Careful integration is crucial to address new ergonomic risks and ensure AI complements human roles, particularly in the Indian context.

Ergonomic of Working from Home: A Case Study of Patna District

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global economic crisis, resulting in a significant increase in the number of people who work from home. This study examined the variables impacting the conduct of 448 respondents who took part in a work-from-home survey designed specifically for ergonomics home office when working from home, two years after the COVID-19 virus. The survey was conducted in September 2023 and runs through November 2023. This study is unique since it looks at the ergonomic problems in Patna district connected to working from home. Respondents are invited to complete a questionnaire that will help identify ergonomic issues and potential solutions related to working from home. Video conference apps like Zoom become the main source to connect with teams. Most of the respondents feel that purchasing new technology, such as a laptop, smartphone, Wi-Fi, and other peripherals, has become first priority while working from home. During all home office setups, most of the respondents accepted moderately ergonomic, but some improvements were needed. At the starting stage of working from home most of the respondents do not have a designated room. Additionally, this research would offer corporate executives, legislators, practitioners, and HR specialists’ ideas on the necessity of reviewing the current workplaces and ergonomics surrounding.

Čimbenici rizika i učestalost mišićno-koštanih tegoba radnika pri radu u tehnici batika uzrokovanih položajem tijela i rada mišića ruku

The batik industry as one of Malaysian cultural heritage is mainly located on the East Coast of Malaysia, particularly in the states of Kelantan and Terengganu. Most of the industry is home-based. Hence, the traditional batik work environment and tasks impose threats to the well-being of the artisans. This study investigates ergonomic issues and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in two of Kelantan’s batik industries. The artisans’ natural working postures and the environments of the two places were observed and video recorded. Muscle activations on the wrist of the artisan doing the paint (canting) were imitated. Surface electromyography (sEMG) investigations were performed in the laboratory. A questionnaire survey was also distributed among craftsmen and artisans involved in the batik industry in Kelantan. Results illustrate evidence of the need to educate batik industries on ergonomic risk factors. According to the survey of 33 respondents, the most affected body parts are the waist (60%), back and feet (57%). The walkthroughs and site visits showed that batik making process demands awkward postures which include standing, precision handling of hand tools, trunk bending & rotating and overreaching repetitively between 4 to 8 hours. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) index obtained from the assessments ranges from 7-8. It was also shown from the sEMG data that trunk bending affects muscle contraction of the wrist during painting movement. Therefore, immediate interventions are required to improve batik artisans’ postural working conditions, especially on the neck, trunk, legs, wrists and arms.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders in School Teachers During the Pre-covid and Pandemic Phases in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka – a Cross-sectional Study

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among school teachers in Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 254 secondary and pre-university teachers who completed a questionnaire. Results indicated a higher prevalence of MSDs among teachers working from home during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Factors such as days worked per week, hours of work per day, duration of rest taken per day, posture while using books, laptops, and phones, working activities, and physical exercises without supervision were identified as contributing factors to MSDs. Interestingly, the study found that the working environment did not significantly affect the prevalence of MSDs. These findings highlight the importance of addressing ergonomic issues and promoting healthy work practices among teachers, especially during periods of remote work.

Structure of the conceptual basis in the issues of project ergonomics of automated information display systems

The human factor, as the most problematic component in the design of automated information display systems, requires a completely different attitude and different approaches. Design ergonomics is the key to the effectiveness of interaction between man and machine in human-oriented systems, which is reflected in this work. Presentation and definition of key concepts of design ergonomics in the context of creating automated information display systems that determine the effectiveness of human-machine interaction. The work presents the structure of the conceptual basis of the design ergonomics of automated information display systems, defines the ways and stages of creating systems, shows the communicators and limitations of the intelligent control loop of systems of this class. The presented structure of the conceptual basis of the design ergonomics of automated information display systems fully and systematically shows pain points in the development of systems of this class and in achieving effective human-machine interaction.

ERGONOMICALLY DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT ON HOT DOUBLE PLATE

An integrated electrical heating tool used for baking, stewing, and cooking is the hot double plate/stove. A rotary switch can also be used to operate an electric stove. The majority of individuals use electric stoves, particularly those who reside in cities. There are several kinds of stoves since some are used for cooking and others for making stew. However, the focus of this research is on electric stoves used for stew, also known as hot double plate electric stoves. While there are certain ergonomic issues with that stove, the majority of Ethiopians who live in cities utilize this hot double plate to prepare stew. This stove is used by placing it straight on the ground; it lacks a foot. However, there isn't any room, height, or distance between the stove and the ground. Users always extend to the limit in order to complete their tasks, but since every person's body and age are different, it might be challenging to go beyond one's comfort zone. Not only that, but when using the stove, the user's rear body is curved downward. People who use hot double plates are affected by this issue since they use the stove at least three times a day. People started experiencing knee and back discomfort after a long time as a result of this issue. The goal of this research is to create ergonomics for the hot double pale in order to address current issues. This issue is resolved by the ergonomic system that creates a distance of a certain height between the ground and the stove so that it can be conveniently used in both directions. When designing the stove foot, Solid Work software is used to take the user's physique into account together with the stove foot height. Once the foot is on the stove in both directions, the problem is solved and the users are happy that they can use the stove to perform their jobs more easily and with less knee and back pain.

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE OF INCLUSIVE HARMONIZATION OF THE INTERIOR SPACE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS

This study examines the theoretical and practical experience of inclusive harmonization of the internal space of public buildings. In the process of identifying the features of internal space harmonization, a number of key aspects of the importance of color contrast were determined (definition of contours and shapes, orientation and navigation, identification of objects, security). It has been analyzed and determined that color contrast improves accessibility and perception of the environment for visually impaired people, making information more accessible and enabling more effective interaction with the surrounding world. The authors analyzed the practical experience of designing the interior space of public buildings and identified their features. 
 The research method revealed that taking into account the psychophysiological characteristics of users is a key element in the process of choosing a color palette. Designing inclusive spaces requires careful study and understanding of the needs of people with different physical and mental characteristics. Shades of color can affect our emotional state and physical well-being, so it is important to create spaces that support diversity and take into account the needs of all users.
 The work highlights issues of ergonomics and safety in the context of color harmonization. It is important not only to create an aesthetically pleasing space, but also to ensure its safety and convenience for everyone. Color solutions can be used to mark traffic paths, highlight dangerous zones, and also to improve readability and recognition of objects in space.
 On the basis of the work carried out, it was determined that the research and further identification of inclusive methods of color harmonization of the interior space of public buildings with the definition of clear parameters of contrast becomes an actual direction of the development of this work. Understanding the importance of inclusive color harmony is the key to building a modern society that respects and supports all its members.

Ergonomic Issue in Dental Students

Ignoring work positions that are continuously carried out will cause musculoskeletal disorders in the future. Ergonomic positions have become a part of the dentistry curriculum. However, because the content is not directly related to dentistry, it is often ignored by the dental students. Purpose: to evaluate how much important is ergonomic position for dental students, and how the ergonomic curriculum provided can be applied in treating patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study by conducting a survey of 70 alumni of Undergraduate Study Program on Faculty of Dentistry who are currently undergoing a professional program at the Teaching Dental Hospital, which was obtained by accidental sampling. Respondents were asked to fill the questionnaire. Results: The ergonomic position was considered very important (48.57%), it was often forgotten (38.57%) and difficult to apply in certain cases (21.43%). 62.86% of respondents realized that the position was not appropriate when it is difficult to gain visual access. Respondents hope that ergonomics is given as often as possible in practical training and given as early as possible in dental curriculum. Conclusions: Continuing education on practical training and given as early as possible is necessary to improve the application of ergonomic positions to dental students

ANALYSIS ON ERGONOMIC ISSUES AMONG UNIVERSITY’S ACADEMIC STAFF

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) was on the rise in Malaysia because of ergonomic issues. This research aims to analyse the factors that cause ergonomic issues among academic staffs in University Utara Malaysia (UUM), to observe the musculoskeletal pain among academic staffs at workplace in University Utara Malaysia (UUM). This research is conducted using the qualitative method where each respondent will be given a set of questionnaires to answer, and the researcher makes observation and semi structured interview. An assessment tool called the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) is used to assess the likelihood of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) while doing particular job-related duties. There are 12 respondents participated in this research which they work as a academic staff under the School of Technology Management & Logistic (STML) in University Utara Malaysia (UUM). The data that the researcher had collected and analyzed will be presented in the form of tables and graphs or both. The result shows that only 2 respondents have a medium risk level and corrective action is necessary, and the rest of the 10 respondents have low risk level and corrective action may be necessary. The findings of this research highlighted the ergonomic issues in the workplace of the academic staffs and raised the awareness about the importance of ergonomics.

Acceptability and Requirements for Digital Interactive Television Systems in Geriatric Institutions

AbstractBackgroundInformation and communication technologies have great potential to address the psychosocial needs of Older Adults (OAs) living in geriatric institutions. With the development of Digital Interactive Television (DiTV) systems, communication, entertainment, online purchases and other functionalities and services are accessible directly on a television screen. Thus, DiTV could be a promising and accessible solution to help meet several needs of OAs, especially in geriatric settings.MethodA mixed‐methods research was conducted to identify barriers of DiTV use among geriatric residents with the aim of identifying accessible specifications for the system, and recommendations for its implementation. First, semi‐structured interviews were conducted within 3 French nursing homes already equipped with a DiTV (OAs: n = 18; professionals: n = 6). Interviews were then transcribed with the MAXQDA software and processed using a thematic deductive analysis inspired by a multidimensional health technology assessment model. Secondly, user tests compared the ability to use a DiTV (e.g., errors made and need of assistance) by OAs living in geriatric institutions (n = 20), and OAs living at home (n = 15). Four questionnaires (e.g., socio‐demographic and technological habits questionnaire, System usability Scale (SUS), and Technology Assessment Model (TAM)) helped identify the acceptability and usability of the DiTV.ResultPreliminary results showed that DiTV systems can be well accepted by OAs who recognize the advantage of this system in terms of communication and entertainment. However, its use may be hindered by organizational (e.g., workload), technological (e.g., ergonomic issues), human (e.g., health issues), ethical (e.g., privacy), and safety factors (e.g., frustration due to technical problems). The second part of the study revealed that OAs living in geriatric institutions made more initiation errors and needed more assistance (help or confirmation) in comparison to OAs living at home, even though the DiTV provides some guidance on the remote‐control buttons.ConclusionBeyond organizational, safety, and technological issues, the presentation and training on the DiTV are essential to reassure and accompany OAs in the discovery of a new device, even one as familiar as the television.

Acceptability and Requirements for Digital Interactive Television Systems in Geriatric Institutions

AbstractBackgroundInformation and communication technologies have great potential to address the psychosocial needs of Older Adults (OAs) living in geriatric institutions. With the development of Digital Interactive Television (DiTV) systems, communication, entertainment, online purchases and other functionalities and services are accessible directly on a television screen. Thus, DiTV could be a promising and accessible solution to help meet several needs of OAs, especially in geriatric settings.MethodA mixed‐methods research was conducted to identify barriers of DiTV use among geriatric residents with the aim of identifying accessible specifications for the system, and recommendations for its implementation. First, semi‐structured interviews were conducted within 3 French nursing homes already equipped with a DiTV (OAs: n = 18; professionals: n = 6). Interviews were then transcribed with the MAXQDA software and processed using a thematic deductive analysis inspired by a multidimensional health technology assessment model. Secondly, user tests compared the ability to use a DiTV (e.g., errors made and need of assistance) by OAs living in geriatric institutions (n = 20), and OAs living at home (n = 15). Four questionnaires (e.g., socio‐demographic and technological habits questionnaire, System usability Scale (SUS), and Technology Assessment Model (TAM)) helped identify the acceptability and usability of the DiTV.ResultPreliminary results showed that DiTV systems can be well accepted by OAs who recognize the advantage of this system in terms of communication and entertainment. However, its use may be hindered by organizational (e.g., workload), technological (e.g., ergonomic issues), human (e.g., health issues), ethical (e.g., privacy), and safety factors (e.g., frustration due to technical problems). The second part of the study revealed that OAs living in geriatric institutions made more initiation errors and needed more assistance (help or confirmation) in comparison to OAs living at home, even though the DiTV provides some guidance on the remote‐control buttons.ConclusionBeyond organizational, safety, and technological issues, the presentation and training on the DiTV are essential to reassure and accompany OAs in the discovery of a new device, even one as familiar as the television.

Ergonomic Embedded in Designing Welding Assembly Tool for Automotive Manufacturing Process

Ergonomics focuses on understanding how workers interact with their work environment, tools, and equipment. The proper ergonomics consideration in tool design will impact worker safety and productivity. Ergonomics-embedded knowledge is critical in designing welding assembly tools for automotive manufacturing. The study aims to improve the ergonomic issues faced by the automotive assembly welders. The methodology involves studying the existing welding assembly process in automotive manufacturing regarding RULA scores and simulating the postures using CATIA analysis. Based on the simulation, critical ergonomics issues should be identified and analyzed. Finally, the welding process is improved by designing the hand support for the workers to assemble parts. The results revealed that the RULA scores have improved from 7 (high risk at the existing condition) to 3 (medium risk) for both worker's hands after the support of the assembly tool. In conclusion, ergonomic embedding in welding assembly tool design has improved the automotive assembly worker's well-being. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of knowledge on integrating ergonomics into automotive manufacturing processes, providing valuable insights for industry practitioners and researchers alike.