ERG Theory Research Articles

Research on Engineering Type University Management Pattern Based on ERG Theory

Research on Engineering Type University Management Pattern Based on ERG Theory

ERG 이론을 적용한 한국 20대의 해외여행 기대혜택이 여행유형 선택에 미치는 영향에 대한 실증적 연구

In this study, based on Alderfer's (1972) ERG theory, we examined how Korean twentysomethings’, important consumers in Korea's tourism industry, expected benefits of overseas travel were motivated and how much they affected their choice of travel type. We classified travel types as package tour, package relaxation, free tour, and free relaxation travel types on the basis of group and objective. As a result of the empirical analysis, the free tour travel type was the most preferred. The existence need was the desire for respondents to satisfy the most through the free relaxation travel type, such as the growth need and free tour type, but the relationship need was low in all travel types. The discriminant analysis result also showed high discrimination power in the existence-growth-relationship need for the preferred travel type. The hit ratio was 43.4%. The characteristics of the preferred travel type group inferred by a function of the group center value were lower. The package tour group had a high relationship need, the package relaxation group had a high growth need, and the free relaxation group had a high existence need. The characteristics of the free tour group showed high self-actualization tendency. Meanwhile, most of respondents preferred personal/mental leisure, followed by social/physical leisure. As a result of crosstab analysis between the preferred leisure type and the preferred travel type, personal/mental leisure were the most frequent, except for the package tour type. This study provides useful practical implications for companies as well as academic understanding of Korean twentysomethings’ expected benefits from and motivations for overseas travel.

Millenials’ Employer Brand Perception in a German Retail Context

Since tangible assets of companies are becoming increasingly insignificant, emphasis should rather be placed on human capital as an essential source of competitive edge. This paper, accordingly, pursues the purpose to shed light on the major demands that the Millenials place on their prospective employers. In consequence, the work aims to identify attractiveness factors that German retailers should particularly promote in order to succeed in the war for talents and attract the most promising candidates among the German Gen Y. This work is based on a mixed-methods approach. First, interviews with German retail experts as well as generational keynote speakers were conducted in order to obtain a deep understanding and assessment of the German retail landscape from a professional perspective. The insights gained were subsequently used to design a questionnaire, which distribution led to a final sample of 216 useable responses by Millenials. Furthermore, the data obtained by interviewing experts and the survey was subsequently compared in order to evaluate to what extent the expectations of the Millenials correspond to the experts’ assessment. This study reveals Millenials to be driven by the need for growth, such as wide offers of development opportunities or scope for decision when choosing an employer. Among the relatedness needs, a harmonious working environment is particularly important, whereas a weekend off ranks first among the existential needs. Moreover, male Millenials consider Media Markt being the most popular employer in the German retail sector, while dm is preferred from a female perspective. Overall, employers of the German retail sector provide the majority of factors required by the Millenials, yet are only considered the 4th most popular industry behind the automotive, IT, art and entertainment industries. Our findings provide valuable practical implications as the research results might serve companies to build up a target group specific employer brand. Marketing strategies can be aligned with the identified attractiveness factors to efficiently and cost-effectively attract and bind Millenials to the company. Customized recruiting campaigns enhance the appeal as well as the attractiveness of an employer driving the likelihood of obtaining the strived status: Employer of Choice. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no study has yet dealt specifically with the attractiveness factors demanded by the Millenials in the context of the German retail sector as well as their most aspired employers in this industry. Furthermore, the attractiveness factors identified in the literature were embedded in Aldefer’s ERG theory. This work also offers a bilateral perspective through the widely conducted survey carried out among Millenials, which was additionally expanded through the lens of experts.

노인의 계층 인식과 삶의 의미 영향 요인 분석: Alderfer의 ERG이론을 기반으로

노인의 계층 인식과 삶의 의미 영향 요인 분석: Alderfer의 ERG이론을 기반으로

Understanding the motivation process of the players experiencing homelessness in the Homeless World Cup

Homeless World Cup (HWC) program contributes to supporting and inspiring homeless people in order to positively change their own lives. There has been diverse research on the HWC, but most have emphasized outcomes. An effort for understanding of specific motivation process still remains scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the motivational process of the participants and describe the process in view of ERG theory. For the study, qualitative approach is conducted with using semi-structured interview. Findings show that the motivation could be thought as a result of their feeling of security, self-esteem and the desire to achieve their goals. Their behavioral changes toward others are related with the satisfied their psychological basic needs, and existence needs seemed to be based on the social relationship. In spite of several limitations, the findings give a chance to consider about how the HWC program should be developed.

Psychological needs, mixed self-perceptions, well-being and emotional, and behavioral difficulties: adolescent students’ perceptions

Students’ emotional and behavioral difficulties are recognized as a continuing issue in the adolescent development and education. Since adolescents spend a great amount of time in schools, a central question is how schools can facilitate adolescents’ adjustment and positive schooling. Using the ERG theory of human needs, the present study aims to investigate potential predictors of students’ emotional and behavioral difficulties, by examining the individual and concurrent contribution of students’ psychological needs, mixed self-perceptions and well-being. Nine hundred and eighty-four students (aged 11–18 years old) completed (1) the Existence, Relatedness and Growth Needs Scale, (2) the Mixed Self-Perceptions Inventory, (3) the Well-being measure, and (4) the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results show that ERG needs and well-being contribute to the prediction of students’ psychological adjustment in schools. The measure of mixed self-perceptions was not a significant predictor of adolescents’ emotional and behavioral difficulties. The paper discusses the contribution of the study and its implications for teachers to improve the quality of students’ lives, as well as the significance of ERG theory in understanding human needs in relation to educational practices.

KEBERADAAN KEBUTUHAN EXISTENCE, RELATEDNESS, GROWTH, DALAM VIDEO GAME HARVEST MOON BACK TO NATURE

ABSTRACT Playing video games is basically an activity where it must have an stimulus energy which is commonly referred to as motivation. Without motivation, player will not be interested in playing a video game with a long duration. The Harvest Moon Back to Nature video game as a video game that was quite successful, which made the video game a legendary video game for the audience's audience as early as 1997. Harvest Moon Back to Nature looks so strong in representating about social life of rural communities, especially one who works as a farmer. It creates interest which in turn encourages researchers to know more about how motivation for human needs is presented by the Harvest Moon Back to Nature video game. This research fundamentally use interpretative analytical descriptive method with narrative approach. Using a view from ERG theory Clayton Alderfer, which according to him motivation is related to basic human needs which consist of existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs. In increasing one's motivation, the three basic human needs must be fulfilled wherever possible. From the results of the research conducted using these instruments, it can be concluded that the power of motivation has been presented in the Harvest Moon Back to Nature video game from the fulfillment of existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs, both in the context events of farming, raising, and in carrying out other events.Keywords : motivation, existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs.

Evaluating the Influence of Flexible Work Arrangement Strategy on Job Satisfaction

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of flexible work arrangements strategy on job satisfaction among state corporations in Kenya. The greatest challenge facing organisations is whether their staffs are motivated to perform their duties and whether employees find their work interesting and meaningful. The ways jobs are designed has an important bearing on an employee’s job satisfaction. Understanding job design techniques and their influence on job satisfaction will lead organisations to keep the best employee pool for themselves and fend off competition. This study was based on several theories, namely: Job Characteristics model, Hertzberg's two-factor Hygiene theory, Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory, equity theory, family-boarder theory, and boundary theory. The research design for this study was a cross-sectional descriptive design. This research sought to interrogate the extent to which the state corporations employ flexible work arrangements and its influence on job satisfaction and suggest possible areas of improvement. The target population was 187 state corporations. The unit of analysis was employees of the state corporations in Kenya. The research studied a sample size of 381 employees in 127 state corporations. The state corporations in Kenya were selected using stratified sampling, while employees were purposively selected. To obtain the data, semi-structured questionnaires were used in this research. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the SPSS package. The findings of this study show that a flexible work arrangement is a significant strategy in enhancing job satisfaction among state corporations in Kenya.

The Role of Human Resource Management in Employee Motivation and Performance-An Overview

This paper discusses the link between motivation and performance, and established what makes motivation to have a central role in getting high performances from employees in organizations. It was revealed from the review that there are several motivational theories used by employers at different situations when they want their employees to highly perform. As motivation is to influence employees to perform, hence; performance is the evaluation with respect to acknowledged tasks, objectives, goal line and rational anticipations linked with a role, occupation in an organization. This paper has looked at some of these theories that have been proven and accepted by the general public. They comprise Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McGregor’s theories x and y, McClelland’s theory of learned needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory and different types of motivation, such as intrinsic and extrinsic. It is evident from the literature reviewed that all theories were established on some experimentations or observations, as a result they are just written ends about a tested situation. Though circumstances can be comparable, they will perhaps by no means be the same. Also, studies have showed that highly motivated employees that are productive and innovative can lead the organization to success through the achievement of its desired results.

Factors Affecting the Need to have Accounting Technical Competence, Professional Skills and Professional Values, Ethics, and Attitudes – The Case of Thailand

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to examine the factors affecting accounting professionals’ essential skills as specified by the International Education Standards (IESs). Design/Methodology/Approach: The antecedent factors are drawn from Aldefer’s (1969) theory of existence, relatedness and growth needs (ERG). A mixed method approach involving auditors, standard setters and faculty members is employed in this study. Research findings: The results suggest that accounting professional skills are motivated by the growth and relatedness needs. The findings further reveal that the length of accounting training experience and the students’ intention to work in accounting fields, after graduation, are key factors which enhance their accounting technical competence. Theoretical contributions/Originality: This study contributes to the emergent interest in this field by focussing on how the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) members like Thailand, responds to the needs of the IES. The ERG theory could be adapted in understanding the factors affecting the development of accounting technical competence, professional skills and professional values, ethics and attitudes. Practitioner/Policy implications: The ERG theory assists managers in recognising that if growth opportunities are not furnished to employees, they may regress to relatedness needs. The findings thus suggest that in order to develop students’ accounting technical skills (IES2), the academic institutions should encourage students to participate in accounting training programmes as a part of the course curriculum. The results further indicate that accounting professional skills (IES3) can be enhanced if they get acceptance from their superiors and co-workers. Research limitations: The samples of this paper comprise accounting students from northern Thailand. Only three International Education Standards (IESs) which are implemented in Thailand are examined. Keywords: Accounting Technical Competence, Professional Skills, Professional Values, Ethics and Attitudes JEL Classification: M41, M48

Research on the Reasons and Countermeasures of Telephone Sales Staff Demission Based on ERG Theory

In the increasingly fierce competition in the modern society, human resources are the primary resources, the development of any industry and company depends on the contribution of people, but the fast-growing development of telephone sales industry has been plagued by high demission rate. On the basis of previous studies, this article combines the demission feedback dates of an Internet marketing company's telephone sales staff, trying to start from the ERG theory for further analysis on reasons of leaving and put forward corresponding countermeasures. Which aiming to help companies to retain talents and achieve the common development of employees and companies. Keywords: demission; ERG theory; countermeasures DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-18-22 Publication date :June 30 th 2019

Faktor-Faktor Pembentuk Komitmen Profesional Siswa Seminari Menengah St. Vincentus A Paulo Blitar

Abstract This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of Motivation, Transformational Leadership and Service Quality towards Satisfaction and Professional Commitment of Minor Seminary’ Students of St. Vincentius A Paulo at Blitar. The population of this research is Minor Seminary’ Students of St. Vincentius A Paulo at Blitar. The research sampling method used census method. The instrument of this research was questioners. The data were collected from the questioners which were distributed to 115 students at Minor Seminary of St. Vincentius A Paulo at Blitar, tested by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Motivation measured by three indicators (ERG theory) which introduced by Alderfer (Gibson et al., 2006:94). Transformational Leadership measured by four indicators which introduced by Robin and Judge (2011: 391). Service Quality based on Lovelock & Wright (2002: 266: 267); Satisfaction based on Westbrook and Oliver (1991); Professional Commitment based on Kalbers and Fogarty (1995).In measuring the data, this research used Likert Scale, while in measuring the validity and reliability, this research was used validity and reliability test based on Crombach’s Alpha to the internal consistence by using SPSS program version 22 with Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) version 23. The model of relationship between the variables studied shown that Motivation, Transformational Leadership and Service Quality have significant influence to Satisfaction and Professional Commitment of Minor Seminary’ Students of St. Vincentius A Paulo at Blitar.Based on the result of this research, Rector of Minor Seminary of St. Vincentius A Paulo at Blitar suggested to give comprehensive attention to the variables that influenced Professional Commitment: Motivation, Transformational Leadership, Service Quality, Satisfaction of Minor Seminary’ Students of St. Vincentius A Paulo at Blitar.

KEBERADAAN KEBUTUHAN EXISTENCE, RELATEDNESS, GROWTH, DALAM VIDEO GAME HARVEST MOON BACK TO NATURE

Playing video games is basically an activity where it must have an stimulus energy which is commonly referred to as motivation. Without motivation, player will not be interested in playing a video game with a long duration. The Harvest Moon Back to Nature video game as a video game that was quite successful, which made the video game a legendary video game for the audience's audience as early as 1997. It creates interest which in turn encourages researchers to know more about how motivation for human needs is presented by the Harvest Moon Back to Nature video game. This research fundamentally use interpretative analytical descriptive method with narrative approach. Using a view from ERG theory Alderfer, which according to him motivation is related to basic human needs which consist of existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs.. From the results of the research conducted using these instruments, it can be concluded that the power of motivation has been presented in the Harvest Moon Back to Nature video game from the fulfillment of existence needs, relatedness needs, and growth needs, both in the context events of farming, raising, and in carrying out other events.

The Big Picture: How the New Use of an Old Theory will Enhance Leaders’ Perspective on Management

Managers experience difficulty focusing their time on higher-level management activities (strategy,innovation, change, etc.) to promote the success of their companies because lower-level issues arise requiring their attention. These interruptions are disruptive to managers because they interfere with creating opportunities for organizational growth. Alderfer’s ERG theory is a model of individual motivation. However, this research proposes its utility in examining organization-level activity and management. The two goals of this research are to establish the practicality of the ERG theory for organization-level analysis and to show the negative impact of interruptions and how they affect managers.

Factors Affecting Pharmacist’s Performance Based on Motivation Theory: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE: Determine factors that affect the performance of pharmacist based on motivation theory. 
 
 METHOD: A systematic review was conducted to explore that affect factors an employee's performance, especially a pharmacist. Electronic databases used to identify relevant studies to the affecting factors such performance were Science Direct, PUBMED, UGM Library (Dissertation) and Google Scholar. The search terms used are “pharmacist performance”, “performance-affecting factors for pharmacist”, “pharmacist performance optimization”, and “performance motivation”. This study was limited to English and Indonesian language only and publication years from 2000 to 2016. Electronic search database found 50 articles while only six studies meet the eligibility criteria to serve as the basis for determining the performance of the pharmacist. 
 
 RESULTS: Pharmacist performance was influenced by five factors: organization and environment, social order, resources owned, pharmacist characteristics, and regulation. These five variables are considered by the Alderfer ERG theory of Existence, Relatedness, and Growth.
 
 CONCLUSION: Performance for pharmacists should be emphasized with systemic supports for pharmaceutical practice changes to succeed on a wide scale and devote to producing a good performance.

A study on job satisfaction of health technicians at township hospitals in ERG theory

Objective To understand the job satisfaction of health technicians at township health centers and explore the strategies of improvement. Methods Based on the theory of existence, relatedness and growth needs, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the study. The quantitative investigation was carried out with the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The questionnaire for township health center personnel was compiled by the research group as a measuring tool for a survey of 803 health technicians from 45 township health centers regarding their existence, relatedness and growth needs in terms of existence, relatedness and growth needs. The data acquired were subject to descriptive analysis and variance analysis. The qualitative investigation was made by means of convenient sampling in personal in-depth interviews. The thematic framework method was used to analyze the contents of the interviews. Results The satisfaction of existence needs of health technicians at township health centers scored the lowest(2.59), followed by that of growth needs(2.91), and the highest scoring was relatedness needs(3.56). There exist significant differences in the scoring of existence, relatedness and growth needs, among different personnel category, gender, age, staffing quota, administrative posts, and academic titles. Conclusions The authorities should emphasize the existence, relatedness and growth needs of health technicians at township health centers, and improve their job satisfaction by perfecting the salary distribution system and perfecting the personnel training system. Key words: Rural health services; Health manpower; ERG theory; Job satisfaction; Incentive mechanism

Meaning of Happiness Based on ERG Theory in Middle-Aged Korean Women.

The purpose of this study was to explore the components and nature of happiness in middle-aged women in Korea. Thirty middle-aged women living in metropolitan Seoul and Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces agreed to participate in this study. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with the participants in one-on-one settings. The data were analyzed qualitative using Colaizzi's method of phenomenology. The three theme clusters were extracted from the raw data, along with 13 themes and 138 meaningful sentences and phrases. The three happiness theme clusters in middle-aged women were "live healthy for stability," "rule one's mind for harmony," and "activate hopes for self-esteem." The first theme cluster included healthy life, economic stability, physical youth, and positive thought. The second theme cluster included that harmonious family, ruling of mind, my position as invisible person in social relationships, and precious relationships to support. The last theme included the center of one's life is oneself, a sense of accomplishment, self-improvement, recognition of one's worth and rest for one self. The three theme clusters were associated with the existence, relatedness, and growth (ERG) of ERG areas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the core components of happiness in middle-aged women are to live healthy and mind-ruled and activate hope. The nature of happiness is egocentric stability in middle-aged women. The results suggest that theme clusters might be used to develop a scale for measuring happiness in middle-aged women. This will be helpful to assess the psychosocial status of middle-aged women in Korea.

Impact of motivation on workplace performance: a work model for millennials

Motivation is and has always been the cardinal talk of discussion for management of any organisation. With Millennials joining the organisations, it’s becoming difficult for employers to retain them. An organisation invests its resources in molding and shaping its employees and so is always interested in retaining its employees. Millennials can be retained by motivating them to the core and bringing out best in them. There are different needs of an employee, which if fulfilled keeps their working morale high. This paper proposes a motivation model which is based on the factors affecting the performance of an employee at his workplace. The building blocks of this model are the ERG theory of needs. The new formed model defines factors which are a combination of financial and non financial incentives, responsible for boosting motivation of an employee. The study also tries to identify the prominent underlying factors responsible for increasing the level of motivation. Following a descriptive methodology, the study uses a structured questionnaire in which the data was recorded from a sample of 100 Millennials belonging to different age group of employees. The study attempts to find the preference of type of incentives preferred by employees to keep them motivated.

ERG and Reggeon Field Theory

In this paper we present our recent non perturbative functional renormalization group analysis of Reggeon Field Theory to the interactions of Pomeron and Odderon fields. We establish the existence of a fixed point and its universal properties, which exhibits a novel symmetry structure in the space of Odderon-Pomeron interactions. We briefly discuss the implications of our findings for the existence of an Odderon in high energy scattering.

청소년의 주관적 행복감에 관한 잠재성장모형 연구 : Alderfer의 ERG 이론을 중심으로

청소년의 주관적 행복감에 관한 잠재성장모형 연구 : Alderfer의 ERG 이론을 중심으로