Erent Ways Research Articles

Green infrastructure as a transformation strategy towards sustainable urbanism

Los elementos que conforman el crecimiento urbano sobre el territorio representan un impacto, generado de la relación que existe entre el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y las acciones que los usuarios realizan sobre el paisaje natural. Lo cual genera una serie de cambios sobre la explotación del territorio, de carácter socioeconómico, que contribuye a la degradación del medio ambiente natural y urbano. Es necesario plantear formas diferentes de entender las ciudades y sus áreas naturales adyacentes; que se basen en acercamientos sistémicos y holísticos, con los que sea factible identificar y entender las diversas interacciones entre los elementos naturales, sociales, económicos y culturales a diferentes escalas en tiempo y espacio. La urbanización ha causado profundos cambios debido al modo en que el ser humano se relaciona con su ambiente. Las ciudades han evolucionado y transformado estructural y funcionalmente con resultados no esperados, que se manifiestan en los altos niveles de segregación social y fragmentación espacial.

Distributed Computing Column 75 The Splendors and Miseries of Rounds

This column consists of a position paper by Adam Shimi about the usefulness of the concept of rounds in distributed algorithms. It rst gives a survey of di erent ways of modeling rounds and then provides an extensive list of fascinating open questions, with particular emphasis on using and extending the Heard-Of model of Charron-Bost and Schiper. Many thanks to Adam for his contribution!

СПЕЦИФІКА ПЕРЕКЛАДУ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНИХ ОДИНИЦЬ (на матеріалі п’єси Б. Шоу «Пігмаліон»)

Порівняльні дослідження в області розмовної лексики і фразеології є одним з напрямів сучасної лінгвістики, що постійно розвивається. До теперішнього часу в області порівняльної стилістики накопичилася значна кількість робіт. Проте поле для вивчення цієї області завжди залишається відкритим, так як в центрі уваги дослідника виявляється поняття норми, яке в різних мовних традиціях суттєво відрізняється. Передача фразеологічних одиниць є невід’ємною частиною процесу перекладу художнього твору з мови оригіналу. При цьому зберігається потреба в аналізі адекватності і еквівалентності текстів. На вибір тактики перекладу фразеологізмів впливає не лише сам текст, який перекладається, але і наміри перекладача як мовної особі. У статті розглядаються різні способи та труднощі перекладу еквівалентних і безеквівалентних іншомовних фразеологізмів на матеріалі роману Б. Шоу «Пігмаліон». Відомо, що переклад фразеологічних одиниць вважається одним із завдань, які ускладнюють роботу перекладача, оскільки багато фразеологізмів мають яскраво виражену національну специфіку, що уособлює загальнонаціональне мислення народу.

Rent Parties, Old Settlers and Jitterbugs: The Everyday Life of African Americans after Their Exodus to Northern Cities as Preserved in Oral Histories, 1917–1945

The author aims to portray the Great African-American Migration by showing the everyday life of the migrants. Starting from presenting the diff erent ways of migrating North, he later describes conditions in which the migrants lived in the Northern cities, relationships with their non-Black neighbours and with the so-called Old Settlers (meaning African Americans who had lived in the North before the Great Migration), their economic struggle, ways of overcoming the problems, as well as the distinctive culture which the migrants eventually developed, and the ferment which these cultural changes created in the whole American society. The narration is based mostly on the oral histories collected from numerous Northern cities: Albany (New York), Chicago (Illinois), Cincinnati (Ohio), Cleveland (Ohio), Detroit (Michigan), Milwaukee (Wisconsin) and New York (New York).

The Third Order Jacobsthal Octonions: Some Combinatorial Properties

Abstract Various families of octonion number sequences (such as Fibonacci octonion, Pell octonion and Jacobsthal octonion) have been established by a number of authors in many di erent ways. In addition, formulas and identities involving these number sequences have been presented. In this paper, we aim at establishing new classes of octonion numbers associated with the third order Jacobsthal and third order Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers. We introduce the third order Jacobsthal octonions and the third order Jacobsthal-Lucas octonions and give some of their properties. We derive the relations between third order Jacobsthal octonions and third order Jacobsthal-Lucas octonions.

Network Analysis as a Research Methodology in Science Education Research

Abstract: With three examples, we explore diff erent ways of conceptualizing networks of nodes and links as educationally relevant entities. We show how one can analyse networks as they evolve over time â the dynamics of networks â and how one can model dynamic processes on networks. We also explain how networks can have both visual and mathematical properties that make them tractable as a way of generating knowledge about relational data. We suggest how a theory that emphasizes relational aspects might be developed using networks by providing an example about social networks, where we explain the generation of the theory-like structures rules of interaction, which are meant to have explanatory power. Likewise, we make interpretations of student discussions that are shaped in part by the algorithm we use to create discussion maps as well as by the changes we make to the transcript. Th e article illustrates how in a teacher-student dialogue, the structure of the network shapes the way we comprehend and talk about discussion networks. All these are dependent on the relational character of networks and would not be the same without that perspective. In other words, the theoretical positions we develop are shaped by the nature of networks. We conclude the article by discussing three developments, which need to occur to realize the potential of using network analysis in educational research.Keywords: network analysis, dynamic, relational, methodological tool.

Сфера поширення напівпредикативного синтаксичного зв’язку

The paper deals with the analysis of syntactic connection between unattached phrases (with characterizing semantics, but without detailing semantics) and the structure of the basic sentence. The author proves that various structural-semantic types of unattached phrases have diff erent grammatical ways of connection with the basic sentence. The semipredicative syntactic connection occurs between an unattached component of properlyattribute semantics and any substantive of the basic sentence. Unattached adverbial modifiers and also unattached attributes of attribute-adverbial semantics and unattached appositions of characterizing-adverbial semantics join the predicative centre of the basic sentence with the determinative subordinate syntactic connection. And the syntactic connection in sentences with an unattached adjective component of dual-predicate (predicative attribute, duplexes) is a transitional between unitary and dual types.

In a Man's words - the politics of female representation in the public

What one decides fit for appearance through writing and speech bears a political signifi cance that risk being distorted through both language, reception in the public, and through calls for gendered representations. How can work of female philosophers be interpreted as a concern for the world from that of having to respond to a male-dominated discourse through which speech becomes trapped into what one might represent as ‘other’? In this paper, I explore the public reception of two female thinkers who question, in diff erent ways, the dominant notion of the author or philosopher as a male subject; what kind of limitations does the relative notion of ‘female’ pose political action, and how can privilege constitute a hindrance to feminist solidarity?

UNLIVING HANDS: LYRIC DISTANCE IN OWEN'S “ANTHEM FOR DOOMED YOUTH”

4 4 Y U N L I V I N G H A N D S L Y R I C D I S T A N C E I N O W E N ’ S ‘ ‘ A N T H E M F O R D O O M E D Y O U T H ’ ’ A D A M K E L L E R In the preface to his then unpublished oeuvre, Wilfred Owen characterized his poems as elegies, a move that has sparked much debate among his few devoted critics about the generic boundaries of his work. Owen’s poems are elegies (if only because he says so), yet they often seem to probe, contest, and subvert the genre’s longstanding conventions. Owen’s generic changes have proved too discordant for some. W. B. Yeats was not among those inclined to read Owen’s poems as elegies. In fact, judging from his editorial decisions and correspondence, he preferred not to read them at all. As editor of the 1936 Oxford Book of Modern Verse, Yeats excluded Owen’s work and that of his contemporary ‘‘trench poets’’ on the grounds that ‘‘passive su√ering is not a theme for poetry,’’ crassly dismissing it as ‘‘all blood, dirt & sucked sugar stick.’’ The argument behind Yeats’s dismissal is worth noting. What it seems to imply is that elegies, at least those in the classical and English tradition with which Owen identifies his work, must transcend melancholic lament to achieve consolation. As many critics have noted, however, Owen’s poems seem to o√er little such promise; indeed, his preface explicitly warns us that the poems to follow are ‘‘in no sense consolatory.’’ 4 5 R Even readers who recognize a place for the anti-elegiac within the genre’s boundaries have found another significant problem with Owen’s verse. The contemporary critic Jahan Ramazani offers a nuanced reading of Owen’s work that recognizes his place as a generic innovator of the modern elegy. Yet Ramazani, too, levies a charge against Owen – and all war elegists – that, if more oblique, shares a tangential connection with Yeats’s blunt criticism . For Ramazani, the fundamental problem with war elegies is not one of poetic authenticity so much as of empathic resonance and universality. According to Ramazani, war elegies highlight the central obstacle with which all elegies must contend: namely, that they ‘‘are irreducibly occasional forms of poetry.’’ Ramazani’s objection could, I think, be developed further, since the occasional status of such poetry is only half of the problem. No less significant than the inherent irregularity of the genre is its transient a√ective resonance. Owen’s poems may preclude consolation, but they do arouse pity, which he takes to be his rightful subject. The contrast between these two sentiments is an important one for Owen in that consolation implies a permanence and stability that pity can never attain. And yet, I will argue that pity’s transience in time pales in significance before another limitation: its inability to survive without attenuation beyond the limits of an exclusive community of mourners, one predicated on the firsthand experience of combat . In this community, the wounds of war that these elegies attempt to dress are neither metaphorical nor transient. In very di√erent ways, then, both Yeats and Ramazani have implicitly recognized the war elegy’s problematic claim to exceptionalism – that war (more specifically, the direct and unmediated firsthand experience of combat) represents a qualitatively distinct realm of human experience, the full knowledge of which is accessible only to a few. It is this notion of the unbridged epistemological gulf that exists in the highly fraught relationship between the combatant war elegist and his civilian audience that I wish to investigate. This distance exists to some degree in all elegies and, one might even say, in all works of lyric poetry. Whether we conceive of the lyric poem as the dramatic monologue of a fictive speaker or as a patched-together collection of speech acts frustrating all attempts to perceive a unified speaking persona, all poems exist in a social 4 6 K E L L E...

THE COMING OF AGE

4 7 R T H E C O M I N G O F A G E H E N R Y S L O S S West of the handsome house the land descends sharply, levels o√ in a broad flood plain above Antietam Creek, and then becomes its sheared-steep bank. The house and land are mine. For three or four days following the battle the Creek ran red, from thousands wounded, dead. For twenty years I’ve felt uncomfortable about the property, tried to evade the implications of my privilege (and the absurdity of ‘‘owning’’ land) by thinking of myself as its caretaker. And yet it sometimes felt as if I had blood on my hands. Whose I couldn’t say. Perhaps my father’s since I bought the place, a very costly home away from home, with money left me when he died, bequeathed in part as a reward for good behavior: a house of glass and redwood, cedar roofed, surrounded by mown grounds and ornamentals, perched on eleven acres rich in oak and sycamore, black walnut, locust, pine, a purchase he’d have said was ‘‘worth the money.’’ What would he think if he could see it now? Most of the flowering shrubs have withered, died, the lawns become scrub-riddled, waist-high meadow, the bottom land along the Creek impassable. The house itself su√ers from age – warped siding, loose molding, moss-eaten shakes, pest-pocked porch . . . 4 8 Y ‘‘problems’’ proliferating like the stinkbugs. He’d have been disappointed, not surprised. ‘‘You cannot stand success,’’ he told me once. For years I mowed, cleared paths along the Creek, pulled wild grape from the trees, cut back thorn-brake and bramble, poison ivy, stinging nettle; gardened within ten-foot-tall, deer-proof fencing put in post-hole by staple with a neighbor; took on woodchuck, woodpecker, borer bee; cut, hauled, split wood for stove and fireplaces . . . I loved the work, the challenges to strength and stamina, and wit, until I didn’t. Just when that was, if ‘‘when’’ is the right word, I can’t recall, but I began to notice that what I couldn’t do I left undone. For some time say, I tried to keep up with the handsome house’s and the land’s demands, to keep up – and to live up to – the place. In di√erent ways each proved too much for me, as in a third the place was when I bought it. (Now it’s for sale that’s what I tell myself, eliding hours, seasons of happiness at simply being able to be there.) To someone like my father I’m afraid the shape the place is in, unkempt, unruly, a sort of mirror-image of its owner, would argue that I’d ‘‘trashed’’ it, meant to take the glitz if not the guilt from privilege. If true, that might be preferable to feeling the degradation inadvertent, helpless, as bound to be as anyone’s descent from youthful heights to the floodplain of age. It’s not dishonorable to get old, embarrassing at times, but nothing worse, and look at how age leads to self-acceptance – unprepossessing though that self may be – almost as readily as to the Creek. ...

JANUARY 1918 BOLSHEVISTS’ INVASION IN KYIV BY UKRAINIAN HUMANISTS: EGO-DOCUMENTS

In the article it is researched the reaction of well-known Ukrainian humanists Nataliia Polonska-Vasylenko and the director Vasyl Vasylko on a Bolshevists’ invasion in Kyiv at the beginning of 1918. The memoirs of N. Polonska-Vasylenko and the diary of V. Vasylko are examined as an example of ego-documents of that period. It was identifi ed, that memoirs of the historian N. Polonska-Vasylenko had some actual facts, despite being further infl uenced by memoirs’ style. The V. Vasylko’s diary, that had been later edited, had a striking national tone. Later, in memoirs of Soviet regime, he was forced to assess those times in ideologically and politically diff erent ways. The diary of V. Vasylko showed a Ukrainian, who despite the perception of War as something tragic, joined Ukrainian military squads and later worked in authority bodies of UNR. The most important part of the diary — was the life of Ukrainian actors and directors in a period of war and political instability of 1914–1921, establishment and expansion of activities of modern Ukrainian theatre of Les’ Kurbas. This ego-document showed personal attitude of theatre environment towards events in Ukraine with a permanent fi nancial diffi culties and under circumstances of an ideological fi ght between social and European fl ows of the theatre art. N. Polonska-Vasylenko’s memoirs were in great importance, because there we could fi nd true examples of Bolshevists’ violence, robberies and searches of the fi rst days after the invasion in Kyiv. Some Ukrainian sergeants were executed in front of here. Ukrainian humanists were decisively against the bolshevists’ invasion and ‘red’ terror.

Development of the idea of security

Historically, the concept of security has been understood, interpreted and defined in diff erent ways. In addition, it is a notion that has been, unlike anyother, mentioned and studied in all branches of science, natural and technical,as well as social and humanistic ones. It is exactly due to the utilizationof the concept of security in diff erent areas of life, that it has been much morediffi cult to defi ne it uniformly. Furthermore, it is the fact that the changesoccurring on the international scene since the end of the Cold War causedthe changes in ideas related to the security in general, and all its concepts.With referral to the previous, this paper points out that traditional conceptsof security are no longer able to explain and deal with the complex nature ofcontemporary security challenges, risks and threats. Th at is why nowadays,when considering the security issues, there are numerous perplexities, such asthe question whom the security needs to be provided for, who is responsiblefor security, who are those who impose the security threats, and what are theprocedures, means and methods to have, preserve and enhance the security.Th e aim of this paper is to show how the concept of security has developedthroughout the time and the diff erent views and ideas of security occurringthroughout the history.

Språk i rörelse


 
 
 Languages in Motion. Multilingualism and Urban Spaces in Sara Razai’s Jag har letat efter dig and Johanna Holmström’s Asfaltsänglar
 e article is a study of multilingualism, urban space and mobility/immobility in two Finland- Swedish novels, Sara Razai’s Jag har letat efter dig (”I Have Been Searching for You”, 2012) and Johanna Holmström’s Asfaltsänglar (”Asphalt Angels”, 2013) through perspectives of post-mono- lingualism (Yildiz) and literary urban studies. In Razai’s novel, a Finland-Swedish woman and a refugee forge a relationship in broken Finnish, disrupting the link between mother tongue and language of a ections. In an analogous relationship to the depiction of movement (cold) and keeping still in con ned spaces (warmth, safety), Finnish becomes a small space for the lovers to connect. In Holmström’s novel, room for manoeuvre is restricted by gender and ethnicity, although the main characters manage the tension between suburb and city center in di erent ways. In Asfaltsänglar, Arabic is a sign of parental power and rules, but the language is also associated with a white Finland-Swedish woman, a convert, the girls’ mother. ere is a discrepancy between Arabic’s function in the novel – as a local language – and how it is marked for the reader – as foreign. Trilingual Helsinki slang, on the other hand, becomes a hybrid marker of the Suburb as Heimat. Both novels renew the Finland-Swedish urban prose tradition by bringing in new languages and new kinds of language, and by associating these varieties with di erent kinds of characters.
 
 

A SYNTHESIS OF ARCHITECTURE AND MONUMENTAL DECORATIVE ART IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF SOVIET MODERNISM WITH TOGLYATTI TAKEN AS AN EXAMPLE

The article describes the background of the principle of architecture and monumental arts synthesis that emerged in the domestic version of modernism in 1960s. It mentions artists and architects who contributed to the modernist architecture enrichment with artistic and plastic tools. The infl uence of Moscow monumentalists who worked all over the USSR improving the image of young Soviet cities is stressed. With Toglyatt i as an example, the paper demonstrates diff erent ways how the principle of architecture and monumental arts synthesis might be applied and also discusses the principle of a single urban design plan that emerged in Soviet architecture. The authors describe construction objects built according to this principle, give glimpses of biographies of artists. The given details are based on the previous archive studies. They also provide possible reasons for the decline in monumental art and predict the emergence of modern forms of art that would interact with architecture. Objects, to which the principle of architecture and monumental arts synthesis might be applied, become a potential and an internal resource for tourist and cultural att raction of the city.

WATER PURIFICATION FROM BARIUM AND HARDNESS SALTS

The methodology of improvement of drink water quality is developed: hardness salts and barium elimination. Diff erent ways of water purifi cation as electrochemical fi ltration, pulp fi ltration with reactants in one step, pulp fi ltration with reactants in two steps are shown. In the article it is proved that water under study could be raised to sanitary norms 2.1.4.1074-01 only with specifi c purifi cation technology developed for water supply source.

Evaluation of Nutritional Status for Some Sensitive Sets and its Relationship to Natural Antioxidants

There exists a need to get the knowledge of natural antioxidants’ sources as a result of several factors; perhaps most notably is the change in our lifestyle. Although modern life has become easier and more comfortable, it harms us in diff erent ways. So, we should look for the best ways to support our health. Although our body manufactures antioxidants, we need additional quantities for protecting the body. Natural antioxidants are found in fresh vegetables, fruits, seafood and some nuts. Sport is essential for our health. The short periodsports could increase the antioxidant production quickly too. Groups of children, adolescents, adults and elderly have been tested. A selfadministered questionnaire asking about socio-demographic data, various forms of activities, dietary intakes and habits was used for data collection. The elementary schoolchildren were interviewed by structured interview to gather information. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop a nutrition education program in order to change lifestyle habits and avoid the negative health consequences.

A classical approach to smooth supermanifolds

This is an extension of the author's Master's thesis written under the supervision of Dr. Gregor Weingart at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. By extension we mean that some of the results have been rewritten and some others have been added to the original work. The purpose of this study is to rewrite di erential supergeometry in terms of classical di erential geometry. This rewriting from rst principles has two main motivations: 1. avoid using local (and usually not very well-de ned) odd coordinates; 2. use both the language and the tools (both highly developed) of classical di erential geometry to state and prove results in supergeometry. Although there is work in this direction (for instance [SV86]) this work's point of view might be useful to translate from the sheaf-theoretic language to one that is better suited for explicit calculations. We now give a summary of the contents. Chapter 1 is about superalgebras. In particular, we give explicit isomorphisms for the space of superderivations of an exterior algebra. The nal section of this chapter is devoted to the twisted action of the symmetric group on the supervector space of tensors with a xed rank; this allows us to construct the supersymmetric and superexterior algebras of a nite-dimensional supervector space. In chapter 2 we begin our study of smooth nite-dimensional supermanifolds. As the title of this monograph indicates, our approach will be rather classical in the following sense: our de nition of a supermanifold is not given in terms of local charts nor in terms of sheaves of superalgebras; we rather study superalgebra bundles over smooth manifolds. That is, supermanifolds in our sense are vector bundles such that the bre at each point is a free supercommutative superalgebra of nite rank. This approach allows the use of tools from di erential geometry which in many cases (e.g. Batchelor's theorem, which we prove as corollary 2.12) simpli es the proofs; furthermore, we prove (theorem 2.11) that both approaches are equivalent. A noteworthy feature of our approach is that supersmooth maps turn out to be generalizations of linear di erential operators (proposition 2.6). With our approach we prove special splittings of the tangent bundle (theorem 2.25) and study the tangential maps of a supersmooth map between two supermanifolds which give conditions for the supermanifold to be split (proposition 2.36). We also prove that the de Rham cohomology of a supermanifold is isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology of the underlying smooth manifold (theorem 2.47) by writing down the exterior derivative in a di erent way (2.45). We include three appendices. The rst one concerns linear di erential operators; there we develop the necessary tools to understand supersmooth maps with our approach. The two other appendices deal with algebraic results of independent interest. The second appendix is the statement and proof of the Cartan Poincare lemma, a result on the (co)homology of a complex that arises in our study. The third appendix deals with the proof of an algebraic fact (lemma 1.26) we use in order to prove a owbox coordinates theorem for supermanifolds (theorem 2.34) which is the foundation of the main results of chapter 2.

SYSTEM OF TRAINING AND RETRAINING OF MANAGERIAL STAFF FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The work discusses the problems of training and retraining of administrative staff as the most important factor of development based on programoriented management of complex development of the Russian Arctic. Diff erent ways and areas of training and retraining of managerial staff for the Russian Arctic. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of students, graduate students and faculty of educational institutions of higher education. The analysis showed a defi cit of managerial staff and mismatch problems of innovative development of economy and social sphere of the Russian Arctic. The need for interdisciplinary collaboration, including a detailed study severovedeniya. The experience of the functioning of the universities in small towns Arctic countries. Presented proposals for adjustment of legislative regulation of the educational sphere.

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The article presents an approach to the development of international indicators of education for sustainable development. It could aff ord to increase the
 comparability of the results of the global monitoring in diff erent countries. The problem of comparability of the results of national monitoring systems
 requires coordination of a number of indicators at the global level.
 However, some indicators are understood quite clearly, others are far from global comparability. There is no universal language of general scientifi c categories
 of sustainable development. It is not clear what skills for sustainable development are equally important for people all over the world. Reaching a
 global consensus on these issues is hampered by diff erences in the curriculum of diff erent countries and national cultures.
 We discuss the use of the universal fl exible modules in global tracking that can be used in diff erent ways in diff erent countries. The feasibility of building
 monitoring �bottom-up� is justifi ed. The need for using specifi c cultural concepts of ESD in diff erent countries (groups of) is discussed. This may contribute
 to make a global semantic fi eld of sustainable development ideas in variety forms of their metaphorical representation. It is proposed to supplement the
 subject of the global monitoring with dynamics of everyday concepts of sustainable development.

Пешком в историю города и его окрестностей

Having a look at the tourist space as a cultural specialist, the author drew attention to the fact that the closest to the modern man is a city environment he contacts and sometimes encounters in everyday life and on holidays. And every time whether he wants it or not, it opens in a dif erent way. One way of getting to know the world has long been a walking tour. It’s not just a walk hand in hand with a pleasant man or hasty movement to the right place, but namely the tour, in which a knowledgeable person with a soulful voice will speak about the past and present of the city and its surroundings, as if it is about your life and the people close to you. Turning to the beginning of the twentieth century, the experience of scientists-excursion specialists we today can learn a lot to improve the process of building up a tour, and most importantly the transmission of knowledge about the world in which we live. Well-known names of the excursion theory founders to professionals are I. Grevs, N. Antsiferov, N. Geynike and others. They are given in the context of ref ection on the historical development of walking tours, which haven’t lost their value and attract both creators and consumers of tour services.