Knowledge Era Research Articles

Humani potencijal u funkciji stvaranja intelektualnog kapitala

The new era in which we find ourselves certainly has many challenges but as well many chances. By entering in, the era of knowledge, we are conditioned to radically change the status of human potential and with that the strategies of relationship towards homo sapiens (reasonable man) as potential. In the knowledge era, man is no longer an extended hand of machines. In order to survive in the game with modern technical-technological development trends, it is inevitable for him to take over its naturally given uncompetitive role of unique thoughtful being with unlimited intellectual potential and inevitable in the process of creating the new value. Constant development, changes conditioned by automation, globalization, informatization, for a "reasonable man" can be an unprecedented threat or a civilizational chance to discover, develop, materialize his hidden intellectual potential. In the conditions of the new economy, intellectual potential takes on not only a leading but a key role. Modern research shows that inventiveness and innovation create a leverage effect, directing the intellectual potential to create new high-tech achievements. There are more and more companies which establish the value of its service or product precisely on the discovery, development, materialization of intellectual potential as an unlimited competitive resource. The subject of this paper is to show the importance of research and finding new approaches, new tools, new methods for detection, development, materialization of unlimited intellectual potential of the "thinking man". The goal of this paper is to raise awareness of the chance, which humanity has not had up until now, in the domain of natural resource from the role of "talking tool" or "extended machine hand" to take on the role of "unique, thinking, creative, inventive, unlimited, potential". In this paper, we also only superficially touched on possible modern methods for discovering, developing, materialization of human potential, such as: business consulting, business coaching, business mentoring.

Promotion of innovative medical institutions in the era of globalization and economic knowledge

In the context of globalization and economic knowledge, the sector of innovative medical services is becoming one of the determining factors in ensuring the high innovative potential of the country, ensuring the health and high quality of life of the population and creating conditions for a powerful spurt of economic growth. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify mechanisms for the effective development of regional medical clusters. Countries that are able to provide innovative medical services at a high level have global appeal. At the same time, innovative medical institutions, possessing unique technologies and knowledge in the field of treatment and provision of medical services, do not always have experience and knowledge in the field of promotion, especially in the global market. The proposed analysis tool will allow identifying characteristic intervals for institutions of different types of changes in the important characteristics of their innovative potential and assess their position in the global market for medical services. The application of this procedure will allow to assess the level of competitiveness of innovative medical institutions in the global knowledge economy and highlight for them effective tools for strategic development.

FCJ-227 Survey and Project: On the (Im)possibility of Scholarship in an Era of Networked Knowledge

FCJ-227 Survey and Project: On the (Im)possibility of Scholarship in an Era of Networked Knowledge

Mapeamento de incubadoras tecnológicas no Brasil

Na atual era do conhecimento, permeada pelos avanços tecnológicos como inteligência artificial e big data, os mecanismos de desenvolvimento socioeconômico necessitam de informações estratégicas para se sustentarem. Isso porque as novas tecnologias têm criado e extinguido mercados e atividades econômicas com grande velocidade. Os empreendimentos intensivos em tecnologia, como as incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica, representam bem o tema abordado, permeado por alto nível de inovação e com parcela significativa e ascendente na economia. Por isso, este estudo propõe o georreferenciamento desses empreendimentos no Brasil e a proposta de um sistema computacional para a disponibilização de informações precisas sobre a localização e principais características dessa atividade econômica. Fruto da identificação e localização dos empreendimentos, foi possível elencar 117 incubadoras e mais de mil empresas e discutir fatores associados as configurações encontradas. Dessa forma, a pesquisa contribui com tema estratégico para o desenvolvimento empresarial e de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema.

Internet of Management Artifacts: Internet of Things Architecture for Business Model Renewal

In the information and knowledge era, organizations must find ways to survive and remain up-to-date and competitive to face a dynamic environment. The still dominant paradigm regarding the Internet of Things (IoT) focuses more on tangible things and physical devices and less on management and business environment. There is a lack of studies that clarify how the IoT can help business management to create perceived value for the company. The aim of this study is to propose a framework called the Internet of Management Artifact (IoMA) to understand how the IoT ecosystem can support managerial decision-making. Considering that this field of research lacks the empirical evidence that more transparently narrows the relationship between IoT and organizational management, we opted for a framework based on Design Search Research. The main contribution of this study is the proposition of the IoMA framework, which seeks a paradigm shift, changing from a paradigm centered on “things” and physical devices in the information technology architecture that remains dominant in the literature to a paradigm focused on business management. The study highlights how decision-makers can exploit IoT architecture, which provides them with rich, accurate and relevant information to promote business reconfiguration and thus capitalize on these renewals.

THE UNIVERSITY: DISSEMINATION AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Ricardo Palma University, as a leading institution of higher education, is strongly committed to promoting scientific dissemination and the publication of quality scientific journals. In the era of knowledge, and instant knowledge, having scientific journals indexed and available online brings enormous benefits, both for the university community and for the scientific community in general.

COMMUNICATIVE PARADIGM IN REFLECTIONS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

The dominant feature of today is the “knowledge society” – a worldview and scientific concept, updated by social, cultural and philosophical discourses in the process of a thorough rethinking of the theory of “information society”. Gaining increasing popularity in connection with the problematization of the cognitive dimensions of education, economics and technology, this concept gains a modern definition: it is a society whose development is based on internal polyphony and the individual abilities of each of its representatives. Thus, in modern society, not only “information”, but also “knowledge” plays a special role. The separation and differentiation of these two concepts are of fundamental importance. The modern era (having reached the definition of the "era of knowledge") brings a new understanding of "knowledge".

Improving the Architecture of Agricultural Knowledge Processing Systems using Design Patterns

Use of Knowledge Processing in agriculture has continuously increased, since the first era of knowledge based systems. Such software systems are used for support in detailed tasks, such as determining the amount of fertilizer in precision farming, as well as on high-level decision support, such as ‘what to plant in the next growing season’. Unfortunately, these software systems often have shortcomings in software quality. Applying design patterns is a recognized means to achieve better systems in terms of efficiency, flexibility, and quality. In this paper, several software design patterns are mapped to the context of knowledge processing systems in agriculture. Furthermore, additional patterns are identified and described. The need for patterns with focus on particular aspects of knowledge processing in agriculture is addressed, and an implementation is introduced as a proof of concept.

Does intellectual capital matter in performance management system-organizational performance relationship? Experience of higher education institutions in Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether performance management system (PMS) has a positive effect on organizational performance. Furthermore, it also investigates whether intellectual capital (IC) mediates PMS-organizational performance relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study is designed as a quantitative research employing a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Using an online survey, data are collected from the HEIs managers under the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, the Government of Indonesia (MRTH-GOI). This research uses a mediation model approach to test the indirect effect of IC.FindingsThe results reveal that PMS has a positive direct effect on organizational performance of the HEIs in Indonesia. Further analysis proves that IC partially mediates PMS-organizational relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is context-specific for Indonesia and caution should be used when generalizing it to other countries. It implies that the better the organizational performance of the HEIs, the better the quality of life in the society. PMS and IC play a crucial role in the era of knowledge economy.Practical implicationsThe HEIs managers should design and implement a reliable PMS. They also should properly manage the IC (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) so that they can enhance organizational performance in areas of teaching, research and community service as the core business of the HEIs.Social implicationsAs the global education competition has become a serious issue in each HEI in Indonesia, the results of this study contribute to providing an approach on how to achieve a better organizational performance which brings more benefits to the society. The HEIs display a strategic role in improving the quality of life of society. The knowledge economy requires society to enhance the quality of education at all levels. This research model and results provide empirical evidence of the importance of IC which mediates the relationship between PMS and organizational performance. When the HEIs in Indonesia implement this model of managing IC, the society will get more benefits in terms of the improvements in the quality of education, teaching, research and community service from the HEIs. The better the HEIs performance, the better the quality of life of the society in the era of knowledge economy.Originality/valueThis research brings together issues that are usually examined separately in previous studies. It employs a mediation research model to explore the central role of IC in PMS- organizational performance relationship which is rarely researched. This is also the first study exploring the three constructs of PMS, IC and organizational performance in the Indonesian HEIs research setting.

PENGUNGKAPAN MODAL INTELEKTUAL: FAKTOR PENENTU DAN KONSEKUENSINYA PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN

Intellectual capital is a knowledge-based resource that plays an important role in creating a sustainable competitive advantage of a company. Intellectual capital is an important resource in the era of information and knowledge for company growth. Intellectual capital as an important resource owned by the company needs to be disclosed by the company to investors and potential investors. Disclosure of intellectual capital in Indonesia is still voluntary, it has been implicitly regulated in PSAK No. 19. This research will examine the determinants of intellectual capital disclosures and their consequences on company value. The determining factor that is suspected to affect the disclosure of intellectual capital in Indonesia is the number of board of commissioners, the proportion of independent board of commissioners, company size, and leverage. The consequence of intellectual capital disclosure is the value of the company. The study population was all companies included in the LQ45 on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2016. The number of research samples was 135 observations. The analysis used is multiple linear regression. The results of this study found the number of board of commissioners, the proportion of independent board of commissioners, company size, and leverage had a positive effect on the disclosure of intellectual capital. The broader disclosure of intellectual capital, the higher the value of the company.Keywords : Intellectual Capital Disclosure ; Company Value ; Board of Commissioners ; Company Size

Diabetology & Cardiology: The Future is Now!

In July 2019 the American Board of Internal Medicine published a position statement in which a new sub-specialty alongside a new training curriculum was proposed: cardiometabolic medicine. This new sub-specialty is a natural advance in the collaboration between two twinned medical specialties: diabetology and cardiology. The links between the two specialties are more evident as a continuous body of evidence is building regarding a long set of inter- connections. For a long time the links between the two specialties were considered merely based on the macro-vascular complications arising in patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM); in the early era of diabetes knowledge it was hypothesized that the macro-vascular complications arisen mainly due to an improper glycemic control associated to the presence of T2DM. Nowadays, the paradigm is progressively changing, and the arising evidences are pointing to common pathogenic pathways between T2DM, atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases or heart failure.

Drought tolerance improvement in plants: an endophytic bacterial approach.

Climate change is a crucial issue among the serious emerging problems which got a global attention in the last few decades. With the climate change, worldwide crop production has been seriously affected by drought stress. In this regard, various technologies including traditional breeding and genetic engineering are used to cope with drought stress. However, the interactions between plants and endophytic bacteria emerged as an interesting era of knowledge that can be used for novel agriculture practices. Endophytic bacteria which survive within plant tissues are among the most appropriate technologies improving plant growth and yield under drought conditions. These endophytic bacteria live within plant tissues and release various phytochemicals that assist plant to withstand in harsh environmental conditions, i.e., drought stress. Their plant growth-promoting characteristics include nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, mineral uptake, and the production of siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and various phytohormones. These plant growth promoting characteristics of endophytic bacteria improve root length and density, which lead to the enhance drought tolerance. In addition, plant-endophytic bacteria assist plant to withstand against drought stress by producing drought-tolerant substances, for instance, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, ACC deaminase, and various volatile compounds. Indirectly, endophytic bacteria also improve osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and antioxidant activity of inoculated plants. Altogether, these bacterial-mediated drought tolerance and plant growth-promoting processes continue even under severe drought conditions which lead to enhanced plant growth promotion and yield. The present review highlights a natural and environment-friendly strategy in the form of drought-tolerant and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria to improve drought tolerance in plants.

PENDIDIKAN ERA 21 DAN ADOPSI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN (KAJIAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA)

The implementation of 21st era education requires various competencies and skills that must be mastered by students in order to become successful individuals in the competition of knowledge and skills. The skills needed in the 21st era are known and relevant to the four pillars of life including learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together. This principle contains special skills that need to be integrated in the implementation of learning are; thinking skills, information literacy, problem solving, collaborative use of problem learning models, projects and inventions in the learning practices of the industrialization era as a catalyst for learning models of knowledge era. The adoption of learning electronic techniques that are studied by integrating learning models that focus on students as the main principle, the adoption of learning models that are in accordance with the learning component of the 21st era are (1) learning Project Based Learning, (2) Problem Based Learning, (3) Learning based Information Technology. Adoption of learning models integrated with the internet as a source of learning is very important to realize the future of students who are better and able to compete in the business world and the industrial world in the coming era.

Identity and Its Transformative Dynamics in Knowledge Era: Some Critical Reflections

Collective identities of people have remained largely transitional despite largely remaining rooted in certain inherited essentialities. The essential dynamics of identity often get negotiated with various forces and processes like those of the economic transformation, technological reorientation, collective mobilisation, modernisation, colonisation, globalisation, penetration of information and communication technologies (ICTs), mass and social media among others. The contemporary society is marked by the fast transformation of its economic order from agriculture and industry to knowledge/information-driven post-industrial society, fast transference of information, images, ideas, services, goods and people across spaces and the borderless expansion of ICTs. These have paved the way for the emergence of a new social order which has been widely described as the knowledge society. Within this emerging economic, social and technological order, new varieties of social interaction and solidarities are constructed from within the pre-existing varieties causing a good deal of fluidity of collective identities on the one hand and their consolidation on the other. Thus, with fast social transformation and increasing interconnectivity and mobility of people across the globe on the one hand and consolidation of new forms of social collectivities on the other, the contours of contraction and configuration of identities have undergone phenomenal change. Against such a backdrop, this article is an attempt to develop an understanding of the nuances of identity: its essence, construction, transformation and configuration within the broad processes of social transition. This article is arranged in five sections. The Dynamics of Identity section deals with the dynamics of identity. In the Social Movements. Modernity, Colonisation, Globalisation and Identity: Changing Facets of Fluidity and Solidarity section, the processes of construction and reconfiguration of identity in the context of social movements, modernity, colonisation and globalisation are discussed. The key dimensions of the emergence of knowledge society are explained in the Emerging Knowledge Society and its Key Dynamics section. In the Solidarity and Fluidity in Identity: The Emerging Facets section, the emerging facets of solidarity and fluidity of identity are elucidated. Finally, the Conclusion section makes the concluding arguments.

Culture, creativity and eco-social responsibility. Towards a redefinition of a planetary ethic from eco-social responsibility

The paper develops the idea of creativity as one of the important characteristics of the anthropological singularity as an opening of new ideas and innovation as its practical concretion from the ethics of a situated and co-responsible freedom before others and the world. Creativity and innovation directly impact culture and the economy and this can be done in a socially responsible manner by enhancing the creativity of individuals and institutions. Social responsibility implies a global awareness that today articulates the responsibility of the leaders of public and private companies from justice, democracy and social inclusion (Ricardo, 2009, Vol. 8, No. 23). Competitiveness has to be rethought from creativity as an ethic of co-responsible freedom responding to human needs (Petra, 2009). From the ethics of freedom, competitiveness must not be at odds with the integral development of an equitable society. By virtue of the above we consider that in the information and knowledge era, the concepts of creativity and innovation and social responsibility are inseparable from each other and redefine the initiative of a new culture. It requires an entrepreneurial attitude with a social responsibility approach that contributes to the solution of social problems. The challenge is to promote a cultural change that enhances and internalizes proclivities towards the promotion of a new culture, education and social responsibility. In this preliminary approach we propose the term innovative social culture based on human development that produces synergy between ethics-social responsibility-creativity-social eco-development.

Bilgi Yoğun Örgütler Öznesinde Örgütsel Güç ve Örgüt İçi Koalisyon Kavramları

Knowledge is one of the main components of new economic structure that is called as knowledge era and it is one of the hot topics of social sciences. Knowledge intensive organizations, which have showed up naturally as a result of this era and which have been using knowledge both as an input and as an output, have revealed a different organizational structure than the past eras. Overcoming the uncertainties is the essence of organizational survival and it is one of the main issues emphasized in the organizational researches.This is also valid for the knowledge intensive organizations. According to ‘Strategic Contingency’ approach which is uttered by Hickson et al. (1971), the organizational units which play a critical role in overcoming uncertainties can use organizational power. Within the scope of knowledge intensive organizations, the individuals/groups/units that play critical and irreplaceable roles while overcoming uncertainties can be seen as power users. Moreover, these components of an organization which have heterogenic structure can live symbiotically and one of them can play the role of the dominant one in this coalition. In this paper, some theoretical propositions are tried to be inferred within the concepts mentioned above. The aim of the paper is to reveal theoretical assumptions concerning knowledge intensive organizations and to play a leading role for the studies on these issues.

School educational policy in Egypt: societal assessment perspective

Purpose Educational policy is crucial to society. Its process is related to political, economic and cultural variables. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research in the field of applied social sciences, about how educational policies help to achieve societal objectives and welfare. This study aims to assess the concept and features of school education in Egypt during 1990-2017. Design/methodology/approach Secondary data were collected using governmental reports and educational institutional reports and assessed through specialized focus groups. Findings Results showed that, despite the multiplicity of strategies to reform the educational system, achievements and outcomes of educational processes are modest, and the developmental status of Egypt is lower than that of other countries. Studying educational outcomes indicated that school-education suffered from the predominance of quantity over quality and a serious inability to meet requirements of new knowledge era. Originality/value A novel future-oriented proposal for context, ethos and reforming aspects of educational policy will be suggested.

EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL TRAINING FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

We live in a time that is measured in seconds. Time for decision making almost does not exist as a category - everything is happening now and right away. Adaptation capacity becomes necessary for survival in a dynamic environment. For success it takes something more.In the era of knowledge, the organization doesn’t have an alternative solution, other than the development and application of the concept of knowledge management. Some studies in the developed economies show that today's organizations are increasingly investing in intangible property - research and development, employee education, etc., comparing to investments in tangible property. The main reason for increasing the importance of intangible property is that the new value in the organization is created with the knowledge, not with the material resources and routine work. Intellectual capital constitutes of the knowledge of employees - human resources. From the knowledge of employees, their skills and abilities depend on how the organization works, ie from the intellectual capital depends on the organization's competitive advantage.The pressure on the free market and competition imposes the need of organizations to demand from their employees specific knowledge, skills and abilities to achieve the set goals. What an organization can do to have competitive employees that will be up to date with current developments in the environment is continuous learning through employee training.Training is a process of acquiring the qualifications required to perform certain tasks. Not always held training achieves its goal, especially when it comes to training for "soft" skills. In organizations, the training would be done well, the evaluations would be excellent, but at a certain time, there would be no change in the behavior of the employees who were trained.In order for the training to achieve the goals and be effective, ie. after the completion of the training the employees apply the acquired knowledge and skills, it is necessary for the (knowledge) managers to be actively involved in the processes before and after the training. Above all, proper planning and preparation for the training is necessary. This process involves determining the need for the training (knowledge gaps), setting the objectives of the training, and a preparation for the target group - the participants who would be trained. After the completion of the training, it is necessary to take the follow up activities, to monitor the application of the new knowledge in the organizational work. These follow up activities can be particularly useful in supporting the transfer: action plans, performance assessment, meetings, oversight consultations, and technical support.

عصر المعرفة: المفهوم والتحديات

الملخص: تهدف هذه الورقة إلى توضيح موضوع عصر المعرفة، وما يرتبط به من مفاهيم. حيث تتناول الورقة الحالية موضوع عصر المعرفة من حيث المفهوم، والمطالب الرئيسة لإدارة المعرفة وفق المعطيات المعاصرة، والخصائص والتحديات التي تميّز عصر المعرفة عمّا سبق من عصور. الكلمات الدلالية: عصر المعرفة، مفهوم عصر المعرفة،  تحديات عصر المعرفة.

Improving Outcomes in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Current and Emerging Treatments.

Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) comprises 2-5% of MS cases, and is known to be associated with high disease activity and the accumulation of disability at an earlier age than their adult-onset counterparts. Appropriate therapy leading to disease control has the potential to alter the known trajectory of adverse long-term physical, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes in this population. Thus, optimizing treatment for children and adolescents with MS is of paramount importance. The last decade has seen a growing number of disease-modifying therapies approved for relapsing MS in adults, and available agents now include oral, injectable, and infusion therapies. Recently, the development of randomized controlled MS trials in youth has led to the first agent approved by the US FDA for the treatment of pediatric MS-fingolimod. With this, we have entered a new era of knowledge and treatment in this population and ongoing pediatric trials are expected to further inform clinical management. With the emergence of highly effective therapies targeting the inflammatory component of the disease, there has been increased interest in identifying treatment strategies that instead target mechanisms such as remyelination/repair, neuroprotection, or rehabilitation. The potential role for such emerging therapies in the treatment of pediatric MS remains an important area of study. In this review, we discuss current evidence for MS therapies in children including the treatment of acute relapses, disease-modifying therapies, and symptomatic management. We will also discuss evidence for emerging therapies, including remyelinating and neuroprotective agents.