Era Of Women Research Articles

Putting science to work for women's health.

The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH)'s whole health paradigm expands the scope of women's health research, incorporating a life-course perspective that recognizes the profound influences of sex and gender on health. From childhood through adulthood, external and societal factors along with internal factors and biology shape women's health and influence access to quality healthcare. This comprehensive approach integrates data-driven sex- and gender-aware strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease, focusing on the unique needs of women. Acknowledging the historical lack of timely research and data on women's health, an initiative led by First Lady Dr. Jill Biden and the White House Gender Policy Council, ushers in a new era of women's health research that offers unprecedented opportunities to enhance the health of women through biomedical and behavioral research. The initiative fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, supporting research on autoimmune diseases, menopause, oral health, and chronic pain conditions. ORWH serves as the focal point for National Institutes of Health (NIH) women's health research. With a commitment to advancing holistic outcomes, ORWH engages in partnerships, outreach, and educational initiatives to disseminate critical research findings and support women's health researchers. Here we describe the convergence of this initiative with the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research's work to advance the understanding of sex as a biological variable for conditions such as Sjogren's disease and temporomandibular disorder. This transformative approach to women's health research propels the United States toward innovative solutions, ensuring that science works for the health and well-being of every woman.

Rummaging in the Attic: Queer Memories and Enduring Activism in the Attic Press/Róisín Conroy Collection

ABSTRACT: This hybrid narrative-historical essay relates the legacy of late-twentieth-century Irish women’s activism as it is documented through the Attic Press/Róisín Conroy Collection (RCC) housed at University College Cork, Ireland. While much of the historical discussion about this era of women’s activism focuses on the Irish Women’s Liberation Movement, in this essay, the author makes the case that the RCC actively presences Irish lesbian women’s activism. The essay highlights specific items in the archive which particularly emphasize the more mundane tasks required to power an enduring social justice movement because these actions are often overlooked in preference for the more obvious public-facing elements of activism. Throughout the piece, the author reflects on her position as an activist and scholar from outside of Ireland in relation to the archive and more recent demonstrations of Irish feminist activism. Ultimately, the history of Irish women’s and lesbian activism as documented by the RCC reminds readers of the need for collaboration and collective rage, thought, and pain. In the post-COVID-19 era, activists will be re-visioning the way they connect, share, care, and fight for justice.

The Impact of Socio-Economic Status on Domestic Violence against Women in Eastern India

Background: In the era of women’s empowerment, domestic violence against women really becomes an issue having significant impacts on the well-being of Indian communities. The linkage between domestic violence and income of the family has an important significance in family planning. The present study investigated the relationship between the socio-economic status of the family and domestic violence in West Bengal, India.
 Methods: The study also finds the patten of domestic violence change during the period of 2005-06 to 2020-21. A cross-sectional survey consisted of 160 women from both rural and urban area based on non-probability purposive sampling. was used to collect data from (How many respondents) and (how many) completed the survey instrument. Data were analysed for the survey using and for the qualitative interviews using…For reliability and validity …
 Results: Results of the logit model show a statistically significant negative association between the family’s income and both domestic physical and psychological violence experienced. The intensity of physical domestic violence increases by 3.028 when the income decreases by one thousand rupees. Similarly, the intensity of psychological violence increases by 1.386 when the income decreases by one thousand rupees. Results also indicated that the pattern of domestic violence change during the period of 2005-06 to 2020-21.
 Conclusion: These findings bear important implications for how to reduce the violence against women through promoting income-generating activities and socio-economic status in the study area. Policies that enhance family income and reduce income inequality would help in reducing the intensity of violence against women.

Managing menopause

Alexandra Barker discusses the importance of discussing the menopausal/post-reproductive era for women in the workplace.

Sex on mission: care, control and coloniality in peacekeeping and humanitarian operations

Abstract This article critically reflects on twenty years of efforts to prevent and punish sexual exploitation by peacekeepers and humanitarian actors through the UN's zero-tolerance policy (‘the Bulletin’). I trace the assumptions and motivations that underpin the Bulletin's framing of (un)acceptable sex and investigate the operational and normative implications of its strong discouragement of sexual relationships with beneficiaries. I argue that, by construing the power differential between local communities and UN/NGO personnel as inherent, singular and totalizing, the Bulletin first reinforces conservative gender norms by framing women as perpetually and uniquely vulnerable and reinscribing gendered power imbalances. Second, it denies women agency in an era of Women, Peace and Security, laying the foundation for a detrimental separation between local people and international personnel. Third, it restructures paternalism in ways that entrench power imbalances between local communities and the organizations mandated to ‘protect’ them, reproducing colonial patterns of dealing with sex and sexuality. This analysis lays bare the tensions between care and control in how the international community responds to sexual misconduct by UN/NGO personnel and demonstrates the ramifications of these tensions for the practice and effectiveness of peace and humanitarian operations.

Consolidation Through Rebellion in Kate Chopin's The Awakening

This paper examines Kate Chopin’s heroine Edna’s journey for self-actualization in The Awakening which was published in (1899). The period represents the first wave of feminism and New Woman era. Kate Chopin's The Awakening portrays the patriarchy, oppression and marriage as compelling forces that assume women to fulfill the expectations of a devoted true woman. Chopin presents Edna’s rebels against the moral and social restraints set on women by the patriarchal society in order to become an individual as she refuses to be casted as a typical traditional Victorian mother and a wife. To understand Edna's rebelliousness, Chopin uses a variety of pictures and encounters with people as instruments. It's clear that she has a rebellious streak. Chopin’s deliberation, in this sense, is to not condemn Edna's rebellion in proclaiming her sexuality and seeking independence through the consolidation of her mind, body, and spirit, but rather to paint her as the ‘new woman’ who gains control and awareness of her sexual and artistic potentials. Therefore, this research work attempts to study Edna's trials and tribulations in achieving self-understanding by resisting patriarchal subordination and finding autonomy by pursuing her own goals.

Feminism in French Novels in the Late Renaissance-From the Perspective of Madeleine de Scudéry’s "The Story of Sapho"

At the end of the Renaissance, Madeleine de Scudéry, an early exponent of historical fiction, infused French feminism with the spiritual qualities of the Renaissance with her novel The Story of Sapho. In this context, this essay takes it as the main subject and analyses the feminist qualities of this novel by examining the influence of the work over a period of nearly four centuries and comparing it specifically with the ideas of Gournay, one of the pioneers of French feminism, Rousseau, a revolutionary tutor, and Mona Ozouf, a contemporary historian. The study reveals that, unlike the feminism of Gournay's novel, Scudéry uses Sapho to reveal the birth of a new era of women with feminine virtue, feminine friendship and feminine love, and in this way to leave behind the old feminism of power struggles and gender differences. In the 18th century, this novel influenced Rousseau's Émile, in which the heroes and heroines are highly similar, and he continues to some extent the universalist spirit of The Story of Sapho, Rousseau's examination of the relationship between men and women has a similar concern to that of Scudéry, the pursuit of a harmonious society for both sexes. Finally, this novel echoes the uniqueness of French feminism as described by contemporary historian Mona Ozouf. In the long line of French feminism, Scudéry’s vision embodies the humanistic concerns of a feminism with a humanist core.

Not New to This: A Genealogical Approach to Black Girls’ Media Production

Abstract During the nineteenth and early to mid-twentieth centuries, the Black press served as a cornerstone of Black social and political life in the United States. For Black Americans, newspapers and magazines functioned as both informational resources and philosophical spaces that engaged conversations of racial uplift, which often centered Black girlhood as an especially important site for assessing racial progress. Despite the evolving nature of media platforms themselves, the relationship between media and Black Americans continues to be a tool by which to measure the pulse of Black life; the role of digital media in the lives of twenty-first-century Black Americans mirrors that of Black magazines and newspapers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Of particular note is the way that Black youth, especially Black girls, use digital media spaces to make themselves (and their experiences) visible and generate social discourse through the content they post on social media. In this article, I look at historical Black titles—the Woman's Era and the Brownies’ Book—as well as contemporary Black girls’ social media content to show how Black girls have historically developed a discourse of Black girlhood alongside their adult counterparts who were concerned with racial uplift and continue to author and theorize their lives through digital media.

Imperial Romance: Fictions of Colonial Intimacy in Korea, 1905–1945 by Su Yun Kim

Reviewed by: Imperial Romance: Fictions of Colonial Intimacy in Korea, 1905–1945 by Su Yun Kim David Krolikoski Su Yun Kim. Imperial Romance: Fictions of Colonial Intimacy in Korea, 1905–1945. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2020. Pp. 204. US$49.95 hardcover, US$32.99 ebook. Imperial Romance: Fictions of Colonial Intimacy in Korea, 1905–1945 by Su Yun Kim explores the contentious relationship between Korea and Japan during the colonial period through the lens of intercultural romance. The monograph is primarily a work of literary scholarship that surveys representations of heterosexual relationships between Japanese and Koreans. Readers of colonial fiction will be familiar with this trope, but no English-language studies have tackled the subject in comparable depth. The choice to frame the book around intercultural romance enables Kim to reconsider canonical texts by the likes of Yi In-jik, Yi Kwang-su, Yom Sang-sŏb, and Yi Hyo-sŏk from a fresh perspective, illuminating strands of desire and apprehension related to assimilation through marriage. [End Page 565] As one might imagine, the topic of romance between a Japanese and Korean couple in the early twentieth century is a minefield. The legacy of colonial Korean literature itself has been stained by the history of collaboration. In South Korea, literature that was written in service of the Japanese empire has been labelled ch’inil, a term that innocuously means “intimacy with Japan” but bears the stigma of national betrayal. Decolonization efforts after liberation in 1945 were cut short in the chaos that resulted in the establishment of two separate states on the peninsula. Collaborators were not punished by the new South Korean government, a state that initially relied on largely the same police apparatus that was previously employed by Japan to maintain order. Due to this fraught history, collaboration remains a sensitive subject more than 75 years later. Kim explains that depictions of relationships between Japanese and Koreans in colonial literature have been read schematically through a nationalist framework: “Narratives that end with a successful marriage are considered to be ‘pro-Japanese,’ while those that depict an unsuccessful marriage are deemed ‘resistant-nationalist’” (12). Imperial Romance will be of interest to readers who want to learn more about collaboration and assimilation in the context of colonial Korea and the Japanese empire. In this respect, the monograph serves a useful companion piece to earlier English-language studies such as Intimate Empire by Nayoung Aimee Kwon, Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea by Mark Caprio, Primitive Selves by E. Taylor Atkins, and Romance, Family, and Nation in Japanese Colonial Literature by Kimberly K. Kono, among others. Caprio and Atkins both explore the Japanese perspective, analyzing top-down policy in addition to cultural products. Kono’s study, like Kim’s book, analyzes fictional depictions of intercultural relationships, but her focus is on Japanese literature. Meanwhile, Kwon investigates collaboration in the context of Korean literature, arguing for a more nuanced approach to this sensitive issue that rejects the binary of collaboration versus resistance adopted by numerous earlier studies. She too mostly uses Japanese-language sources. In Imperial Romance, Kim combines readings of Korean fiction (and a handful of films) with historical research based on the analysis of periodicals and government-general documents. In comparison to previous studies, her monograph is tighter in focus, allowing for a more thorough investigation of a single issue throughout the colonial period. Romance (yŏnae) is certainly a subject ripe for further discussion. In Korea, the term gained currency in the early 1920s as an import from abroad. As Kwon Boduerae has argued, the emergence of romance coincided with the transformation of gender relations in Korean society. The notion that an individual could choose their own partner signalled the dawn of a new era for women in particular. No longer restricted to the household, some women took on new roles in society: working in bars, studying at foreign universities, etc. The so-called “new women” (sin yŏsŏng) became a symbol of change for progressives, but were also stigmatized by others for their embrace of Western fashion and cultural norms. These women could also fall in love on their own accord, prioritizing their...

A Study on Analyzing the Status of Women's Skill Development on Digital Platforms

The growing engagement of women in all fields has ushered in a new era for women's socioeconomic advancement. Increased exposure to digital media has resulted, the adequate representation of women in the digital era. The growing engagement of women in all fields has ushered in a new era for women's socioeconomic advancement. This paper examines the status of women's skill development after enormous digital innovation; a survey was conducted amongst the digitally educated women of rural and urban areas, those who are performing through digital forums for obtaining information relevant to a specific study. Though the findings show that though the involvement of women on digital platforms is growing, they must walk on a long road to leave an impression. Thus, this paper clearly highlights challenges being faced by women and enhancement of their socioeconomic condition after digital advancement.

Women, Agency and Spaces of Protest: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution

The Arab Spring heralded a new era of women’s grassroots participation in protests and demands for a more democratic and accountable model of governance. Yet despite being pivotal to the success of popular protests, women’s spaces in the post-uprising period remain in many cases closed, if not more restrained. Why has this pattern been persistent in revolutions, radical transitions and social movements in the Middle East? Why are movements for progress continuously turned to repression in terms of women’s spaces and places in society? Even before the upheavals and popularization of the Arab Spring, the experiences of women in other movements in the region reveal a similar pattern. This paper focuses on the Iranian Revolution and the tension relative to women’s agency in the peripheral spaces in social movements. It argues that women’s intervention and unification is far more legitimate, developed and represented during the initial and often spontaneous stages of populist movements. In response to reclaiming previously closed political spaces there is a need to narrate, extend and reconfigure women’s agency and discourse in popular uprisings. Lessons from women in Iran demonstrate the significance of the post-movement spaces as crucial sites for resistance.

Guided Intervention (Hisbah) in The Prophet’s (PBUH) Era for Women’s Rights Protection

Guided Intervention (Hisbah) in The Prophet’s (PBUH) Era for Women’s Rights Protection

Study of socio-demographic determinants and body mass index of female class IV employees (Aayas and Mehatranis) at a municipal tertiary care teaching hospital in Mumbai, India

Background: Health care professionals (including class IV employees) are the most ignorant as far as their own health is concerned. Problems encountered at the workplace affect not only a worker’s health but also adversely affects the workplace environment. Today is an era of women who have diverse role to play in the society and often they handle multiple tasks simultaneously. They are therefore prone to suffer from work related diseases, which are further complicated by various social (responsibilities at home), psychological and physiological (e.g., pregnancy) issues.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 287 female class IV employees of municipal tertiary care teaching hospital in Mumbai during the period of April 2017 to December 2018. A semi-structured interview schedule was prepared comprising of socio-demographic determinants and BMI. Data was entered in MS Excel sheet and were analyzed in the form of percentage and proportions whenever necessary.Results: Out of total 287 participants, 101 (35.2%) belonged to age group of 41-50 years, more than half 168 (58.5%) were widows and majority 231 (80.5%) were Hindu by religion, 124 (43.2%) belonged to upper middle class, 158 (55.0%) belonged to a nuclear family and 44 (15.3%) had to travel more than 60 kms daily to reach at workplace.Conclusions: Study concluded that 35.2% participants were 41-50 years age group and 80.5% were Hindu by religion and 43.2% belonged to the upper middle class. Only 2.1% respondents had completed their graduation. More than half i.e. 55.1% of the participants were having normal body mass index and 10.5% were obese.

A new era for women? Some reflections on blind spots of ICT-based development projects for women’s entrepreneurship and empowerment

This article deals with women’s empowerment through the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in development projects. In paying special attention to female visibility in the public sphere and to women’s marginalization in the labor market, the article analyzes the shortcomings in ICT-related projects’ conceptualization; in particular in those projects that employ ICT to support female entrepreneurship in the name of women’s empowerment. It presents theoretical, methodological and ethical arguments for a feminist engagement with contemporary trends in development policy.

Online Newspapers Portrayal of Arab Female Athletes in Rio 2016 Olympics: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis

Rio 2016 Olympics witnessed an unprecedented increased participation of Arab female athletes, many of whom unconventionally competed in games that are stereotypically categorized as male-appropriate/dominated. This reflects an ideological change in the substantive structure of sport as a male site, marking a new era for women’s empowerment in the Arab world. The current study explores the interplay of multiple and interacting semiotic modes used in selected national and international online newspapers covering Arab female athletes in 2016 Olympics. It compares/contrasts how Arab and Western ideologies representing the achievement of these athletes are mediated through various modes. The study is grounded in the methodological framework of Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) (Machin and Mayr 2012). It starts with the hypothesis that MCDA contributes to our understanding of how mediated verbal and visual messages work together to indicate a shift in the construction of Arab female athletic identity..

Compare Social Self-Esteem and Social Identity Marriage Official and White (Unofficial) in Men Tehran

General declaration of a married couple together in front of friends and relatives placebo based on loyalty and love each other and support each other for life. A social relationship between two adults, confirmed, married couple defines the roles assigned to that commitment, mutual rights and obligations (Sanaee, 2015). Marriage is the most important and the most excellent practice to achieve social and emotional needs human security (sarookhani, 2010). Intimate relationship, platform support and shelter for humans in the real world challenges and is located in an intimate relationship, arelationship type oftreatment (Sanaee, 2015).In traditional societies to industrial societies, is more important, but in a new era for women's employment and economic independence of women, the process is delayed and (Sheikhi, 2001). Now in our society tend to fade and age of is rising On the other hand, there are all kinds of marriages, such as temporary marriage, concubineWhite Wedding and the rate of divorce for both formal and emotional rose (Rostami, 2015).White marriage is a phenomenon that has been observed in recent years in our country, as or cohabitation is also used for (Rostami, 2015). The marriage is derived from the French equivalent, which means a is unfinished or incomplete. Cohabitation without is a man and a woman. That is the way that men and women to live without or concubine flow between them trends under one roof. Usually this happens with the knowledge of parents and families takes place on both sides And the two lived together as a couple, not a house, friendly and Usually this happens with the knowledge of parents and families takes place on both sides And the two lived together as a couple, not a house, friendly and But in Iran due to the fact that society is an Iranian-Islamic community is not defined in any of such phenomena of this kind of life is done secretly. For this reason, we do not have statistics on the number of this kind of marriage.Having a healthy social relationship is the most important component of a healthy personality. All theories about the importance of social communication have argued that in some theories, such as theory of personal relations Sullivan view personal relationships form the foundation of it. Self-esteem, basic needs and social connections are important components of social (Miller, Teblom, Bround, & Fillisiyo, 1995). The most disturbing one of the most complex and inferiority complex personality problems. Children who feel they are depraved and backwardness less effort for success and doing things to the last beat (Parsa, 2001). One of the important human traits to achieve human goals ahead, self-esteem. Having a strong will and self-confidence, decision-making powers and ingenuity, creativity, sanity and mental health is directly related to self-esteem and sense of self-worth (Salahshour, 2000). Needs are not static structures, So there needs to further define that greatly influenced the theoretical framework for researchers who study required to pay; Therefore, it is natural that the needs, there are many classifications (Nasiri & Samani, 2008). In the late last century, identity is one of the unifying framework for intellectual debate is as it seems that everyone have something to say about it, Sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, psychologists and philosophers are all so involved in this issue (Jenkins, translation Yarahmadi, 2002). The modern world has created enormous changes in different areas and if the members of a society is not in line with changes These changes can result in important sectors of society such as family, have long-term implications and negative effects. One of the issues many problems in the family phenomenon is white According to the and celibacy in youth activism and the emergence of a phenomenon called white in society, It is necessary to investigate the factors underlying this field of research to be done to counselors and family therapists can provide solutions for it to operate. …

Victoria Earle Matthews: Making Literature during the Woman's Era

Victoria Earle Matthews: Making Literature during the Woman's Era

The Figure of the Prostitute, Tajdid, and Masculinity in Anticolonial Literature of Iraq

Abstract In the Iraqi literary production of the 1940s and 1950s, the figure of the woman prostitute appeared repeatedly, signaling a crisis in the ways Iraqi men imagined and articulated the contours of women’s liberation. Through an examination of works by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, Fuʾad al-Takarli, and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, this article argues that the innovative aesthetic forms and themes adopted by men writers and their dedication to political and cultural renewal (tajdid) and social reform used the figure of the prostitute to articulate a vision of women’s liberation that emphasized secular, urban, and middle-class notions of domesticity and respectability. The literary prostitute was a marginal figure used to envision a new era of women’s rights through her exclusion and excision from the imagined national future. The instrumentalization of the figure of the prostitute in Iraqi literary production revealed the limits of representation of the masculine imagination.

Black Feminism and Third-Wave Women's Rap: A Content Analysis, 1996–2003

Scholars have argued that women's rap lyrics can be located within a larger black feminist musical tradition whereby race, gender, and sexual politics are discussed in an empowering and self-defining manner. The emergence of third-wave women's rap in the mid-1990s, however, challenged black feminist readings of the music; of particular concern were the messages around black female sexuality and womanhood. To date, no large-scale content analysis has been conducted exclusively on this defining era of women's rap music. In this paper, I analyze the lyrics of third-wave rap songs (n = 259), using the literature on black feminism and black women's musical traditions, as well as third-wave feminism, to guide my analysis. Findings highlight three prominent third-wave rap discourses organized around gender relations, black womanhood, and sexual subjectivity: (1) gender relationships are at once negotiated, contested, disparaged, and revered, (2) alternative models of black female identity and womanhood are portrayed and (3) black female heterosexuality is articulated as autonomous, desiring, and deserving of pleasure and sexual satisfaction. These findings both complement and complicate pervasive narratives dominating black feminist and women's rap scholarship of nearly the last two decades.

Making the Most of the Affordable Care Act's Contraceptive Coverage Mandate for Privately-Insured Women

Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA), most women of reproductive age with private health insurance have, or will soon have, first-dollar coverage of contraception and contraceptive counseling. The need for contraceptive coverage is great, because most American families want two children, resulting in the average woman spending three decades of her reproductive life trying to avoid pregnancy (Guttmacher Institute, 2012; Finer & Philbin, 2014). Contraceptive coverage without cost sharing is a sea change in women’s health insurance. This policy change has the potential to dramatically shift contraceptive use patterns, to reduce the U.S. unintended pregnancy ratedwhich stands at approximately half of all pregnancies (Finer & Zolna, 2014)dand to improve the health of women and families. In this commentary, we argue that realizing the potential of this policy change requires more action on the part of public health practitioners, insurers, health care providers, and researchers than is currently evident, andwe offer some suggestions for making the most of first-dollar contraceptive coverage.