Let $G$ be a finite group. To any family $\mathscr{F}$ of subgroups of $G$, we associate a thick $\otimes$-ideal $\mathscr{F}^{\mathrm{Nil}}$ of the category of $G$-spectra with the property that every $G$-spectrum in $\mathscr{F}^{\mathrm{Nil}}$ (which we call $\mathscr{F}$-nilpotent) can be reconstructed from its underlying $H$-spectra as $H$ varies over $\mathscr{F}$. A similar result holds for calculating $G$-equivariant homotopy classes of maps into such spectra via an appropriate homotopy limit spectral sequence. In general, the condition $E\in \mathscr{F}^{\mathrm{Nil}}$ implies strong collapse results for this spectral sequence as well as its dual homotopy colimit spectral sequence. As applications, we obtain Artin and Brauer type induction theorems for $G$-equivariant $E$-homology and cohomology, and generalizations of Quillen's $\mathcal{F}_p$-isomorphism theorem when $E$ is a homotopy commutative $G$-ring spectrum. We show that the subcategory $\mathscr{F}^{\mathrm{Nil}}$ contains many $G$-spectra of interest for relatively small families $\mathscr{F}$. These include $G$-equivariant real and complex $K$-theory as well as the Borel-equivariant cohomology theories associated to complex oriented ring spectra, any $L_n$-local spectrum, the classical bordism theories, connective real $K$-theory, and any of the standard variants of topological modular forms. In each of these cases we identify the minimal family such that these results hold.