Equivalent Susceptibility Research Articles

Effects of conductive phase content on magnetic sensitivity of spiral conductive polymer composite

Flexible magnetic field sensors are essential for small dimensions, excellent precision, and flexibility in narrow gap or pipe environments. A spiral conductive polymer composite has been proposed for magnetic field detection. To investigate how conductive phase content impacts its magnetic sensitivity, the relationship between magnetic flux density and voltage difference/magnetic sensitivity was examined with different carbon nanotube contents (1 wt%∼20 wt%). From the perspectives of the equivalent network and magnetic susceptibility, the voltage difference /magnetic sensitivity of the composite was analysed by varying its carbon nanotube content. The addition of carbon nanotubes creates a contradiction in the magnetic sensitivity caused by internal equivalent impedance or induced current. The experiments demonstrate that the interpolar voltage difference /magnetic sensitivity first increases and then sharply decreases with increasing carbon nanotube content within composites. The optimum carbon nanotube content is about 8 wt%, which can be an optimal sensitive material choice for a flexible magnetic sensor.

Boyer–Lindquist Space-Times and Beyond: Metamaterial Analogues for Arbitrary Space-Times

Analogue space-times (and in particular metamaterial analogue space-times) have a long varied and rather complex history. Much of the previous related work to this field has focused on spherically symmetric models; however, axial symmetry is much more relevant for mimicking astrophysically interesting systems that are typically subject to rotation. Now it is well known that physically reasonable stationary axisymmetric space-times can, under very mild technical conditions, be put into Boyer–Lindquist form. Unfortunately, a metric presented in Boyer–Lindquist form is not well adapted to the “quasi-Cartesian” metamaterial analysis that we developed in our previous articles on “bespoke analogue space-times”. In the current article, we shall first focus specifically on various space-time metrics presented in Boyer–Lindquist form, and subsequently determine a suitable set of equivalent metamaterial susceptibility tensors in a laboratory setting. We shall then turn to analyzing generic space-times, not even necessarily stationary, again determining a suitable set of equivalent metamaterial susceptibility tensors. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that the well-known ADM formalism proves to be not particularly useful, and that it is instead the dual “threaded” (Kaluza–Klein–inspired) formalism that provides much more tractable results. While the background laboratory metric is (for mathematical simplicity and physical plausibility) always taken to be Riemann flat, we will allow for arbitrary curvilinear coordinate systems on the flat background space-time. Finally, for completeness, we shall reconsider spherically symmetric space-times, but now in general spherical polar coordinates rather than quasi-Cartesian coordinates. In summary, this article provides a set of general-purpose calculational tools that can readily be adapted for mimicking various interesting (curved) space-times by using nontrivial susceptibility tensors in general (background-flat) laboratory settings.

Differing Susceptibilities to Certain Microbicidal Chemistries among Three Representative Enveloped Viruses.

Three lipid-enveloped viruses (bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV], vaccinia virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) were evaluated in side-by-side liquid inactivation efficacy studies of low pH (3.0 to 3.1) treatment and of the non-formulated microbicidal actives sodium hypochlorite (100 ppm), ethanol (70%), quaternary ammonium compound BTC® 835 (100 ppm), and peracetic acid (100 ppm). Low pH was evaluated at 10 and 60 min contact times, and the microbicides were evaluated at 1 min contact time at room temperature per the ASTM E1052 standard. In each case, 5% animal serum was included in the viral inoculum as a challenge soil load. The three viruses displayed similar susceptibility to sodium hypochlorite and ethanol, with complete inactivation resulting. Significant differences in susceptibility to BTC® 835 and peracetic acid were identified, with the ordering of the three viruses for susceptibility to BTC® 835 being SARS-CoV-2 > vaccinia virus = BVDV, and the ordering for peracetic acid being vaccinia virus > SARS-CoV-2 > BVDV. The ordering for susceptibility to low pH treatment (60 min contact time) was vaccinia virus > SARS-CoV-2 > BVDV. Not all enveloped viruses display equivalent susceptibilities to inactivation approaches. For the chemistries evaluated here, BVDV appears to represent a worst-case enveloped virus.

Sigma phase kinetics in DSS filler metals: A comparison of sigma phase formation in the as-welded microstructure of super duplex stainless steel and hyper duplex stainless steel

This study investigates and compares the kinetics of sigma phase formation in established Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) and recently developed Hyper Duplex Stainless Steel (HDSS) filler metal wires. Experimental sigma phase time-temperature-transformation (TTT) maps were developed, revealing nearly equivalent interface area/volume, resulting in similar sigma phase kinetics for 1% volume despite the higher Cr and Mo content in HDSS. However, the growth rate to 5% and 10% sigma phase volumes was slightly higher in HDSS. The sigma phase kinetics in both SDSS and HDSS were analyzed using the exponential Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) approach based on experimental TTT data. Linearized plots from the JMAK calculations showed a transition in kinetics mechanism from eutectoid decomposition and interface-controlled growth to a diffusion-controlled growth stage in both materials. The higher volumes and morphologies of the sigma phase were found to be diffusion-dependent, mainly occurring during the second kinetics stage. The influence of HDSS's higher Cr and Mo content on the growth rate was observed for these higher volumes. For applications within the 1% sigma phase limit, both wires exhibited equivalent susceptibility to sigma phase formation, regardless of the higher alloying in HDSS.

Ripple Excitation-Based Adaptive Sensorless Control of IPMSM in Full Speed Range

This paper proposes an adaptive sensorless finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) method for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The method is feasible in the full speed range from zero speed to the flux-weakening region above rated speed, without the method transition between the low and the high speeds. A ripple excitation-based position estimation method is proposed to extract the rotor-saliency-based position information from the inherent voltage ripples of the FCS-MPC. Therefore, the additional voltage margin consumption, the special sampling timing, or the interference in the fundamental control are all avoided. Furthermore, to alleviate the parameter dependency, an adaptive predictive model with the online estimation of the lumped voltage terms and the equivalent dynamic susceptances is proposed. In this way, the main machine parameters and the unmodeled disturbances in the d-q voltage equations of the IPMSM are all considered. The position deviation due to the cross-coupling effect is also analyzed, and a compensation method is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the experimental results and the comparison with existing methods.

Effect of the Dynamics of the MTDC Power System on DC Voltage Oscillation Stability

Ignoring parts of the dynamics of a multiterminal DC (MTDC) power system can simplify its stability analysis but may miss some instability risks in the analyzed results. This study analyzed the stability of DC voltage oscillation by considering comprehensive dynamics of an MTDC system in a DC voltage time scale to reveal the stability mechanism of the DC voltage oscillation accurately. It demonstrated that a DC voltage oscillation loop is first formed by the DC voltage control of the voltage source converter (VSC). Subsequently, it is affected by the dynamics of the remaining DC system (RDCS) through two paths: (1) the equivalent conductance of the RDCS is equal to an additional damping added to the DC voltage oscillation loop, and (2) the equivalent susceptance forms a mirrored subsystem and results in an open-loop modal resonance, which always induces negative effects on DC voltage oscillation stability. These conclusions are also correct in parts of the MTDC system using DC voltage droop control. Moreover, a method was proposed to quickly determine the stable operating region of the RDCS. Finally, accuracy of the stability mechanism of the DC voltage oscillation and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified based on the SIMULINK platform.

A method for calculating and evaluating user costs in airport pavement management systems

An efficient airport pavement management system is essential to judge current runway conditions and predict future runway conditions and support decisions. However, one of the limitations is insufficient scope for analysis of the infrastructure environment, particularly regarding loss of revenue due to the need for total or partial closure of the runway in life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) approaches. In this article, a method is presented for calculating indirect/user costs based on the net present value related to closed runway time in the cash flow variable. This method integrates passenger demand forecasts based on machine learning and the net operating revenue of an airport. Relying on a case study of Brasília International Airport, the consideration of a variable called the ‘equivalent operational susceptibility area’ improved understanding of the financial impacts on indirect/user costs and direct/owner costs. This variable enabled visualisation of the conditions for the financial feasibility of pavement intervention scenarios. The proposed method uses the required time of runway closure and the area to be maintained as balance weights between the direct and indirect costs of LCCA. Therefore, it is not reasonable to relegate indirect/user costs to estimated values or aircraft and passenger movement fees.

Low-latitude reduction-to-the-pole and upward continuation between arbitrary surfaces based on the partial differential equation framework

SUMMARY Magnetic surveys conducted in complex conditions, such as low magnetic latitudes, uneven observation surfaces, or above high-susceptibility sources, pose significant challenges for obtaining stable solutions for reduction-to-the-pole (RTP) and upward-continuation processing on arbitrary surfaces. To tackle these challenges, in this study, we propose constructing an equivalent-susceptibility model based on the partial differential equation (PDE) framework in the space domain. A multilayer equivalent-susceptibility method was used for RTP and upward-continuation operations, thus allowing for application on undulating observation surfaces and strong self-demagnetization effect in a non-uniform mesh. A novel positivity constraint is introduced to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the inversion. We analysed the effect of the depth-weighting function in the inversion of equivalent susceptibility for RTP and upward-continuation reproduction. Iterative and direct solvers were utilized and compared in solving the large, sparse, non-symmetric and ill-conditioned system of linear equations produced by PDE-based equivalent-source construction. Two synthetic models were used to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method in processing both ground and airborne magnetic data. Aeromagnetic and ground data collected in Brazil at a low magnetic latitude region were used to validate the proposed method for processing RTP and upward-continuation operations on magnetic data sets with strong self-demagnetization.

Downward Continuation and Transformation of Total‐Field Magnetic Anomalies Into Magnetic Gradient Tensors Between Arbitrary Surfaces Using Multilayer Equivalent Sources

AbstractThe equivalent source method offers a potential means for continuing and manipulating magnetic data between arbitrary surfaces. However, it ultimately suffers from a limited continuation distance and significant errors, which restrict its applicability in practice. To address this problem, we reformulate the equivalent source method with a partial differential equation framework. A multilayer equivalent susceptibility method is innovatively derived based on this approach. The location of equivalent sources is designed for adaptive estimation through the inverse procedure. We introduce nonlinear optimization, regularization, and constraining technologies in inversion to improve the stability and accuracy of the solution. Synthetic, real airborne, and ground data are tested in experiments. The results show that the new method significantly improves the capability and accuracy of the downward continuation and transformation of irregularly located data between arbitrary undulating surfaces.

Homogenized Dyadic Potential Green’s Function for Planar Metasurface Placed at Two Half Spaces Interface Excited by Vertical and Horizontal Ideal Electric Dipole

In this article, dyadic magnetic vector potential Green’s functions corresponding to electric dipole which illuminates homogenized metasurface have been presented. Metasurface is constructed by a periodic arrangement of planar metallic scatterers and located at the interface of two different dielectric half spaces. The metasurface is replaced by a thin sheet with the dyadic equivalent surface distribution of electric and magnetic susceptibilities. These vector potentials have been derived employing generalized sheet transition condition (GSTC) on the plane of the metasurface. The retrieval relations to obtain equivalent surface susceptibilities of such a surface are calculated by means of the calculated reflection and transmission coefficients due to TE polarized plane waves. Also, the transverse and longitudinal scalar electric potentials relative to the problem have been calculated with the aid of the Lorentz gauge. These vector and scalar potentials together are necessary to use in the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) formulation of the method of moment (MoM) in an electromagnetic problem.

Leishmania infantum isolates exhibit high infectivity and reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the Leishmania species in over 98 countries in five continents. Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the main forms of the disease and is mainly caused by Leishmania infantum, whose main vector is the dipteran Lutzomyia longipalpis. The presence of the vector in Uruguay was recorded for the first time in 2010 and an autochthonous outbreak of canine visceral leishmaniasis occurred in the northern locality of the country in 2015. We report the isolation in blood-free FBS-supplemented defined media of five isolates responsible for the referred outbreak, and characterize them in terms of their growth as promastigotes, infectivity and replication in human derived monocytes and drug resistance. Results indicate similar promastigote growth among the strains, enhanced infectivity and replication for the five strains isolated from the Uruguayan outbreak when compared with reference strains from South America, equivalent drug susceptibility for miltefosine and nifurtimox and a significant difference in IC50 values for amphotericin B between the Uruguayan strains, 3-4 fold higher than the reference strain.

Paternal impacts on development: identification of genomic regions vulnerable to oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa.

Do all regions of the paternal genome within the gamete display equivalent vulnerability to oxidative DNA damage? Oxidative DNA damage is not randomly distributed in mature human spermatozoa but is instead targeted, with particular chromosomes being especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Oxidative DNA damage is frequently encountered in the spermatozoa of male infertility patients. Such lesions can influence the incidence of de novo mutations in children, yet it remains to be established whether all regions of the sperm genome display equivalent susceptibility to attack by reactive oxygen species. Human spermatozoa obtained from normozoospermic males (n = 8) were split into equivalent samples and subjected to either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment or vehicle controls before extraction of oxidized DNA using a modified DNA immunoprecipitation (MoDIP) protocol. Specific regions of the genome susceptible to oxidative damage were identified by next-generation sequencing and validated in the spermatozoa of normozoospermic males (n = 18) and in patients undergoing infertility evaluation (n = 14). Human spermatozoa were obtained from normozoospermic males and divided into two identical samples prior to being incubated with either H2O2 (5mm, 1h) to elicit oxidative stress or an equal volume of vehicle (untreated controls). Alternatively, spermatozoa were obtained from fertility patients assessed as having high basal levels of oxidative stress within their spermatozoa. All semen samples were subjected to MoDIP to selectively isolate oxidized DNA, prior to sequencing of the resultant DNA fragments using a next-generation whole-genomic sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was then employed to identify genomic regions vulnerable to oxidative damage, several of which were selected for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation. Approximately 9000 genomic regions, 150-1000bp in size, were identified as highly vulnerable to oxidative damage in human spermatozoa. Specific chromosomes showed differential susceptibility to damage, with chromosome 15 being particularly sensitive to oxidative attack while the sex chromosomes were protected. Susceptible regions generally lay outside protamine- and histone-packaged domains. Furthermore, we confirmed that these susceptible genomic sites experienced a dramatic (2-15-fold) increase in their burden of oxidative DNA damage in patients undergoing infertility evaluation compared to normal healthy donors. The limited number of samples analysed in this study warrants external validation, as do the implications of our findings. Selection of male fertility patients was based on high basal levels of oxidative stress within their spermatozoa as opposed to specific sub-classes of male factor infertility. The identification of genomic regions susceptible to oxidation in the male germ line will be of value in focusing future analyses into the mutational load carried by children in response to paternal factors such as age, the treatment of male infertility using ART and paternal exposure to environmental toxicants. Project support was provided by the University of Newcastle's (UoN) Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science. M.J.X. was a recipient of a UoN International Postgraduate Research Scholarship. B.N. is the recipient of a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior Research Fellowship. Authors declare no conflict of interest.

No cross-resistance between ChinNPV and chemical insecticides in Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV: Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus) is an active ingredient of a biological-based insecticide (Chrysogen®) recommended against soybean looper (SBL), Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]), in soybean in Brazil. We investigated if SBL strains resistant to chemical insecticides are cross-resistant to the baculovirus ChinNPV. In droplet feeding bioassays, SBL strains resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin and teflubenzuron showed equivalent susceptibility to ChinNPV as heterozygous and susceptible strains, indicating no cross-resistance between ChinNPV and chemical insecticides in SBL. Therefore, the ChinNPV is a valuable new "mode-of-action" tool for SBL resistance management in Brazil.

Baseline Susceptibility of Brazilian Populations of Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to C. includens Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Diagnostic Concentration for Resistance Monitoring.

The Chrysodeixis includens nucleopolyhedrovirus (ChinNPV: Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus) is a registered insecticide for the management of soybean looper, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) in Brazil. We conducted studies of baseline susceptibility of Brazilian populations of C. includens to the ChinNPV (Chrysogen, AgBiTech, Fort Worth, TX) as valuable knowledge in support of Integrated Pest Management and Insect Resistance Management programs. In bioassays, neonates were infected with different concentrations of ChinNPV using the droplet feeding bioassay method. Larvae were then transferred to artificial diet and mortality was assessed at 7 d. Results confirm that neonates from Brazilian populations of C. includens are susceptible to ChinNPV. Concentrations from 1.0 × 103 to 1.0 × 108 occlusion bodies (OBs) per ml caused mortality from 1.5 to 99%, respectively. The LC50 ranged from 1.4 × 105 to 7.7 × 105 OBs per ml for populations of C. includens (5.5-fold variation). Similar variation was detected for the LC90 which ranged from 1.6 × 107 to 7.7 × 107 OBs per ml (4.8-fold variation). Importantly, the field-collected populations showed equivalent susceptibility to the reference susceptible population. This indicates a low interpopulation variation in susceptibility of Brazilian populations of C. includens to ChinNPV, representing natural geographic variation and not variation caused by previous selection pressure. The candidate diagnostic concentration of 2.9 × 108 OBs per ml was estimated based on the pooled data and caused mortality ranging from 98.6 to 100%. This concentration will be used in proactive resistance monitoring programs. The Chrysogen will be a valuable tool as a new mode of action in C. includens resistance management in Brazil.

Bespoke analogue space-times: meta-material mimics

Modern meta-materials allow one to construct electromagnetic media with almost arbitrary bespoke permittivity, permeability, and magneto-electric tensors. If (and only if) the permittivity, permeability, and magneto-electric tensors satisfy certain stringent compatibility conditions, can the meta-material be fully described (at the wave optics level) in terms of an effective Lorentzian metric—an analogue spacetime. We shall consider some of the standard black-hole spacetimes of primary interest in general relativity, in various coordinate systems, and determine the equivalent meta-material susceptibility tensors in a laboratory setting. In static black hole spacetimes (Schwarzschild and the like) certain eigenvalues of the susceptibility tensors will be seen to diverge on the horizon. In stationary black hole spacetimes (Kerr and the like) certain eigenvalues of the susceptibility tensors will be seen to diverge on the ergo-surface.

Effect of High Magnetic Pulse Iteration on Electrical Property of CNT-Polypyrrole Composite: Alignment Mechanism

In this work, a pulsed magnetic field of 10 T with a duration of 1.5 ms is produced by a resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) discharge system. A carbon nanotube-polypyrrole (CNT-PPy) composite (9 wt%) is prepared. The influence of the pulsed magnetic field iteration on the alignment of CNTs embedded in polymer matrix is observed (up to 60 pulses). The microstructure of the magnetically aligned composites is probed by scanning probe microscopy technique. The behavior of a CNT in a magnetic field is theoretically studied, and the equivalent magnetic susceptibility for an anisotropic CNT is calculated. The theory of CNT alignment in a magnetic field is discussed. We found that the perpendicular diamagnetism of a CNT results in its alignment in a magnetic field. We showed that the magnetic torque, which is applied to a CNT, depends on the perpendicular and parallel susceptibilities of the CNT as well as on its initial orientation with respect to the magnetic direction. After exposure to magnetic pulses, the electrical property of the composites is enhanced. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the electrical conductance of CNTs and the number of applied pulses (for 30 pulses). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique is used to control the polymer structure during the experiment. Our theoretical finding reveals the limited capacity of CNT’s alignment in magnetic fields.

Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Space–Time-Modulated Metasurfaces

A finite-difference time-domain modeling of finite-size zero thickness space–time-modulated Huygens’ metasurfaces based on generalized sheet transition conditions is proposed and numerically demonstrated. A typical all-dielectric Huygens’ unit cell is taken as an example and its material permittivity is modulated in both space and time, to emulate a traveling-type spatio-temporal perturbation on the metasurface. By mapping the permittivity variation onto the parameters of the equivalent Lorentzian electric and magnetic susceptibility densities, $\chi _{\text {ee}}$ and $\chi _{\text {mm}}$ , the problem is formulated into a set of second-order differential equations in time with nonconstant coefficients. The resulting field solutions are then conveniently solved using an explicit finite-difference technique and integrated with a Yee-cell-based propagation region to visualize the scattered fields taking into account the various diffractive effects from the metasurface of finite size. Several examples are shown for both linear and space–time varying metasurfaces which are excited with normally incident plane and Gaussian beams, showing detailed scattering field solutions. While the time-modulated metasurface leads to the generation of new collinearly propagating temporal harmonics, these harmonics are angularly separated in space, when an additional space modulation is introduced in the metasurface.

A study of MRI gradient echo signals from discrete magnetic particles with considerations of several parameters in simulations

Modeling MRI signal behaviors in the presence of discrete magnetic particles is important, as magnetic particles appear in nanoparticle labeled cells, contrast agents, and other biological forms of iron. Currently, many models that take into account the discrete particle nature in a system have been used to predict magnitude signal decays in the form of R2* or R2′ from one single voxel. Little work has been done for predicting phase signals. In addition, most calculations of phase signals rely on the assumption that a system containing discrete particles behaves as a continuous medium. In this work, numerical simulations are used to investigate MRI magnitude and phase signals from discrete particles, without diffusion effects. Factors such as particle size, number density, susceptibility, volume fraction, particle arrangements for their randomness, and field of view have been considered in simulations. The results are compared to either a ground truth model, theoretical work based on continuous mediums, or previous literature. Suitable parameters used to model particles in several voxels that lead to acceptable magnetic field distributions around particle surfaces and accurate MR signals are identified. The phase values as a function of echo time from a central voxel filled by particles can be significantly different from those of a continuous cubic medium. However, a completely random distribution of particles can lead to an R2′ value which agrees with the prediction from the static dephasing theory. A sphere with a radius of at least 4 grid points used in simulations is found to be acceptable to generate MR signals equivalent from a larger sphere. Increasing number of particles with a fixed volume fraction in simulations reduces the resulting variance in the phase behavior, and converges to almost the same phase value for different particle numbers at each echo time. The variance of phase values is also reduced when increasing the number of particles in a fixed voxel. These results indicate that MRI signals from voxels containing discrete particles, even with a sufficient number of particles per voxel, cannot be properly modeled by a continuous medium with an equivalent susceptibility value in the voxel.

Effect of High-Gradient Magnetic Field on Electrical Property of Carbon Nanotube-Polypyrrole Composite; Nanotube Separation Mechanism

High- and low-gradient magnetic fields are produced by resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) discharge apparatuses. The maximum magnetic field is 12.5 Tesla with 1-ms pulse duration. Multiwall carbon nanotube–polypyrrole composite is prepared. The samples are exposed to high- and low-gradient magnetic fields. To understand the behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in high-gradient magnetic fields (HGMFs), we theoretically calculated the equivalent magnetic susceptibility of a CNT in the gradient magnetic field. We found that the gradient force which is exerted on a CNT could be repellent or absorbent depending on the parallel and perpendicular susceptibilities of the CNT, as well as on the initial orientation of the CNT with respect to magnetic field direction. Four-probe studies show that the electrical conductivity of CNT composites decreases after exposure to a high-gradient magnetic field. Microscopic observation of the electrical current profile of composites reveals rearrangement of CNTs under HGMF.

A Variant PfCRT Isoform Can Contribute to Plasmodium falciparum Resistance to the First-Line Partner Drug Piperaquine.

ABSTRACTCurrent efforts to reduce the global burden of malaria are threatened by the rapid spread throughout Asia of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies, which includes increasing rates of clinical failure with dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine (PPQ) in Cambodia. Using zinc finger nuclease-based gene editing, we report that addition of the C101F mutation to the chloroquine (CQ) resistance-conferring PfCRT Dd2 isoform common to Asia can confer PPQ resistance to cultured parasites. Resistance was demonstrated as significantly higher PPQ concentrations causing 90% inhibition of parasite growth (IC90) or 50% parasite killing (50% lethal dose [LD50]). This mutation also reversed Dd2-mediated CQ resistance, sensitized parasites to amodiaquine, quinine, and artemisinin, and conferred amantadine and blasticidin resistance. Using heme fractionation assays, we demonstrate that PPQ causes a buildup of reactive free heme and inhibits the formation of chemically inert hemozoin crystals. Our data evoke inhibition of heme detoxification in the parasite’s acidic digestive vacuole as the primary mode of both the bis-aminoquinoline PPQ and the related 4-aminoquinoline CQ. Both drugs also inhibit hemoglobin proteolysis at elevated concentrations, suggesting an additional mode of action. Isogenic lines differing in their pfmdr1 copy number showed equivalent PPQ susceptibilities. We propose that mutations in PfCRT could contribute to a multifactorial basis of PPQ resistance in field isolates.