Equity Approach Research Articles

Centering Communities of Color in the Modernization of a Public Health Survey System: Lessons from Oregon.

Public health survey systems are tools for informing public health programming and policy at the national, state, and local levels. Among the challenges states face with these kinds of surveys include concerns about the representativeness of communities of color and lack of community engagement in survey design, analysis, and interpretation of results or dissemination, which raises questions about their integrity and relevance. Using a data equity framework (rooted in antiracism and intersectionality), the purpose of this project was to describe a formative participatory assessment approach to address challenges in Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Student Health Survey (SHS) data system by centering community partnership and leadership in (1) understanding and interpreting data; (2) identifying strengths, gaps, and limitations of data and methodologies; (3) facilitating community-led data collection on community-identified gaps in the data; and (4) developing recommendations. Project team members' concerns, observations, and critiques are organized into six themes. Throughout this engagement process, community partners, including members of the project teams, shared a common concern: that these surveys reproduced the assumptions, norms, and methodologies of the dominant (White, individual centered) scientific approach and, in so doing, created further harm by excluding community knowledges and misrepresenting communities of color. Meaningful community leadership is needed for public health survey systems to provide more actionable pathways toward improving population health outcomes. A data equity approach means centering communities of color throughout survey cycles, which can strengthen the scientific integrity and relevance of these data to inform community health efforts.

Implementing and evaluating a diversity, equity, and inclusion resident recruitment strategy.

A recruitment strategy was designed to increase the racial diversity of applicants to the postgraduate year 1 pharmacy program at University of Michigan Health, Michigan Medicine (MM). This article describes MM's diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) residency recruitment approach, from conceptualization through implementation, and includes an evaluation of its effectiveness. The report of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) Task Force on Racial Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, published in January 2021, provided a foundation for our recruitment approach. The approach consisted of establishing a residency DEI subcommittee, conducting outreach to under-represented students, and reducing bias in the process by amending the application screening rubric. The combination of these efforts resulted in a 5% increase in applicants from pharmacy schools with a high proportion of under-represented minority students. A diverse residency program benefits patients, trainees, and the larger healthcare organization. In addition, incorporating DEI into resident recruitment is required by the new ASHP Accreditation Standard for postgraduate pharmacy residency programs effective July 1, 2023. Evaluation of our recruitment efforts demonstrated targeted recruitment as an effective strategy to increase the diversity of a residency program's applicants. There may be additional barriers not addressed by our interventions to be further explored.

Valuing & Pricing Financial Firm: Case of P.T. Bank Muamalat Indonesia,Tbk. Prior IPO Plan in 2023

This research is focused on determining the intrinsic fair value of the P.T. Bank Muamalat Tbk (BMI/Bank) for pre-IPO initial offering price. The research begins with a banking industries analysis where the author will look for industry average ratios data. This analysis helps the author to summarize the company's internal & external position. Author differentiates the banking industries into two industries conventional bank and Islamic Sharia bank. Author will calculate the average ratios from the two industries, which is Commercial Conventional Bank (BUK) and Islamic commercial Bank & Islamic Business Unit (BUS & UUS), and will use them as multiples ratio. To determine the fair value of this research author uses two methods approach the relative and absolute valuation methods. On the Absolute valuation method, the author uses the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method with Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) approach specifically for banks by looking at the regulatory capital with a projection of 5 years. While on the relative valuation method, the author uses three perspective approaches: earnings, book value, and revenue perspective. Multiples ratios representing the perspective are Price Earnings Ratio (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), Price to Sales (P/S), and Price to Operating Profit (P/OPPS) approaches. To determine the Bank fair value author, differentiate the calculation involving negative earnings and see the effect of it. The data used in this research comes from historical data during the 2017 to 2022 period, also including the last quarter's performance in March 2023. The result of the relative valuation method of the three perspectives gives the result of an intrinsic fair price with a range of IDR 103.94 – IDR 168.18. Meanwhile as for absolute method, author use discounted cash flow method with free cash flow to equity for a financial firm, and it gives a result of intrinsic share price with a range IDR 152.84 – IDR 197.27. Thus, the average intrinsic fair price using the two valuation methods is IDR 149.54 – IDR 182.97. In the end, the result of this research is to find the real fair price based on academic study and could be used as a reference in the initial stock pricing pre-IPO plan of the Bank in 2023.

Securing urban water supply through reservoir reoperation–An analysis of power resources and equity in cases from India, Spain and the USA

This paper examines intersectoral water allocation, in particular how cities secure water vis-à-vis rural users, and assesses the equity of this (re)allocation. We use the distribution theory of institutional change, and argue that urban water providers mobilize power resources (positional, financial and informational) to secure water. We adapt the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework to study this empirically, with case studies from India, Spain and the United States that centre around a large reservoir and its reoperation. Results show the importance of financing power in all cases, and also suggest that cities may lack the positional power needed to implement drinking water priorities. The ‘hybrid equity approach’ reveals the diversity of equity considerations on rural-to-urban water reallocation, both in terms of local perspectives and also regarding universal equity principles. Finally, it is fruitful to study power and equity together, as the former generally has profound distributional and procedural implications which are at the heart of equity.

Language, context, and action: exploring equity and justice content in Vancouver environmental plans

ABSTRACT Environmental plans have been criticised for failing to appropriately address equity and justice concerns, exacerbating inequity, and overlooking systemic injustices. Some scholars have argued that the use of equity and justice terminology impacts the equity and justice work being done, citing challenges with vague uses of equity. Our research used thematic content analyses, with a focus on language-use, to explore equity and justice framings in four environmental planning documents in Vancouver, B.C. Framings of equity and justice were coded across nine dominant themes and compared against how often each plan acknowledged and addressed four dimensions of justice: distributive, procedural, recognition, and epistemic. We found that plans with more specific, nuanced, and seemingly intentional framings of equity and justice generally included more well-rounded engagement with the four dimensions of justice. Between documents, we highlight vague uses of equity, a focus on distribution, and equity being framed primarily as a guaranteed byproduct. Across documents, we highlight benefits-for-all language, different responses to systemic injustice, and different planning contexts. In discussing the contextual differences across plans, we argue it is important for more research to consider equity and justice in planning on a micro level to better understand the specific justice needs and limitations of different cities and planning goals. We also argue for more work to include epistemic justice alongside the traditional distributive, procedural, and recognition justices. Key policy highlights To better support equity and justice work, planners should aim to have a clear and specific understanding of a project’s equity and justice concerns, priorities, and goals early in the planning process; equity and justice priorities and approaches should guide the entire planning process, rather than be incorporated into a finished product after-the-fact. To better support equity and justice work, approaches to equity and justice in plans should be grounded in a detailed and nuanced understanding of systemic injustices and intersectionality. Generalised, “benefits-for-all” language could risk inequitable solutions; whenever possible, plans should identify specific groups and their unique needs. To better consider local needs and address equity and justice issues, plans should acknowledge and incorporate diverse knowledge systems, perspectives, and practices such as Indigenous ways of “doing, being, and knowing”.

Green frontrunner or indebted culprit? Assessing Denmark’s climate targets in light of fair contributions under the Paris Agreement

This paper contributes to academic and policy debates about climate leadership by illustrating an approach to examining national emission reduction targets focusing on Denmark. Widely recognized as a climate leader, Denmark is cherished for both its historical track record and its current climate targets. With a target of 70% emissions reduction by 2030 compared to 1990 stipulated in national law, central actors in Danish policymaking claim that domestic climate policy is aligned with the Paris temperature goals and present Denmark as a ‘green frontrunner.’ We examine the pledges and targets enshrined in the Danish Climate Act in reference to a 1.5 °C global greenhouse gas budget using five different approaches to burden sharing. For all five approaches, we find that the Danish climate target is inadequate given the 1.5 °C goal. Moreover, when only looking at equity approaches for distributive climate justice globally, the Danish target appears drastically insufficient. Denmark is, in this sense, not a green frontrunner but rather an indebted culprit, challenging the dominant narrative in Danish climate policy. Our results thus call into question the premise of the claim of Danish climate leadership, which works to legitimize existing policy and obscure the many dimensions of climate change.

The community engagement course and action network: strengthening community and academic research partnerships to advance health equity.

Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Serving Institutions are uniquely positioned to implement community-campus research partnerships based on a history of service, the pursuit of community trustworthiness and student demographics often similar to surrounding marginalized communities. The Morehouse School of Medicine Prevention Research Center collaborates with members of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Minority Serving Institutes, and community organizations on the Community Engaged Course and Action Network. This network is the first of its kind and aims to strengthen members' ability to implement Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles and partnerships. Projects address public health priorities including mental health among communities of color, zoonotic disease prevention, and urban food deserts. To assess the effectiveness of the network, a Participatory Evaluation framework was implemented to conduct process evaluation which included review of partnership structures, operations, project implementation processes, and preliminary outcomes of the research collaborations. A focus group of Community Engagement Course and Action Network members (community and academic) was also conducted to identify benefits and challenges of the network with emphasis on key areas for improvement to further enhance the relationships between partners and to facilitate their subsequent community-campus research. Network improvements were tied to themes strengthening community-academic partnerships including sharing and fellowship, coalition building and collaboration, and greater connections and awareness of community needs through their current community-academic partnerships. The need to conduct ongoing evaluation during and after implementation, for determining the early adoption of CBPR approaches was also identified. Evaluation of the network's processes, infrastructure, and operation provides early lessons learned to strengthen the network. Ongoing assessment is also essential for ensuring continuous quality improvement across partnerships such as determining CBPR fidelity, assessing partnership synergy, and dynamics, and for quality improvement of research protocol. The implications and potential for advancing implementation science through this and similar networks are great towards advancing leadership in modeling how foundations in community service can advance to CBPR partnership formation and ultimately, health equity approaches, that are local defined and assessed.

Pursuing Research Justice Through Community-Academic Partnership to Address Racial Disparities in Preterm Birth.

The California Preterm Birth Initiative is a community-engaged research effort focused on addressing racial disparities in birth outcomes. To highlight three community-academic partnership strategies and identify partners' lessons learned and recommendations. We conducted interviews (n = 38), four focus groups (n = 23), a document review (n = 174), and meeting/event observations (n = 36). We performed content analysis and structural and emerging coding of the data, which involved extracting and sorting information into themes. Five themes emerged across the strategies as essential for successful partnerships addressing racial disparities: 1) incorporate a racial equity approach; 2) value community knowledge; 3) ensure accountability to community priorities; 4) build relationships and trust; and 5) address structural barriers to community-academic partnerships. Community-academic partnerships addressing racial health disparities should confront internal and structural power dynamics early on and support affected communities to lead the efforts, including committing to funding and capacity-building activities to ensure research justice.

Application Of Restorative Justice System As An Effort To Settle Criminal Acts Of Violence In Household (Case Study At Polresta City Of Surakarta)

The treatment of criminal cases, particularly the culprits of criminal demonstration whose misfortunes don't hurt the state, are rather handled, arraigned, and condemned in court. As a matter of fact, as per general society, criminal situations where the misfortunes are little are not worth being settled in court. Supportive equity is a settlement of cases that spotlights on the immediate cooperation of culprits, casualties, and the local area. Not all criminal demonstrations should be sought after through the preliminary cycle. Focusing on harmony through pondering to arrive at an agreement is necessary component in individuals' lives. The supportive equity approach can be applied in the policing so it will answer different issues in policing instances of aggressive behavior at home up until this point that poor person yet mirrored the standard of equity as the objective of the law. This exploration technique is a non-doctrinal (standardizing observational) legitimate examination, to be specific examination that looks at regulations that are created not in view of principle, but rather regulations that live and create and apply in the public eye. This kind of exploration is likewise called observational juridical examination, which at the end of the day is a sort of humanistic legitimate examination and can likewise be called field research, which looks at the lawful arrangements that apply and what occurs in the public eye. The exploration brought about discoveries not just introducing culprits in the law enforcement framework yet additionally including the job of casualties and society.

Got Cultural Citizenship? A Place-Based and Socio-Historical Analysis of Postsecondary Students’ Cultural Logics and Values at a Land Grant Institution in Southern New Mexico

ABSTRACT Using data from a 2013 Student Diversity Survey, this place-based analysis examines the cultural values, beliefs, and logics of postsecondary students from an Hispanic Land Grant Institution in southern New Mexico. The analysis explores the diverse social profiles of the students in the sample and how race, gender, and class statuses shape student’s cultural logics related to educational democracy. Relying on the concepts of cultural citizenship and settler colonialism, the author imagines a post-assimilationist education trajectory that celebrates the cultural wealth of working-class, students of color, and women students as they diversify US higher education. The findings show that these postsecondary students embrace cultural logics centering on interdependence and collectivism and reject cultural logics centering on individualism and independence. The author makes a case for expanding neoliberal Diversity, Equity and Inclusion approaches in US higher education to grapple with the foundational violences of Indigenous land dispossession and ongoing settler colonialism that maintains systemic inequities and exclusions in US public education.

Equity, diversity and inclusion in clinical simulation healthcare education and training: An integrative review

Patient profiles have changed from shifting demographics, globalization and immigration. Such changes highlight the need to educate and train healthcare trainees and healthcare providers (HCPs) on the provision of person-centred care through an equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) approach. Simulation pedagogy has the potential to be a useful and impactful teaching and learning approach for EDI. The purpose of this review was to explore and summarize the current literature on the level of integration and state of EDI in clinical simulation within healthcare education, curricula and training. An integrative literature review was conducted using Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) method. Studies that met the selection criteria were assessed using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model. A total of 64 studies were included in the review. Five themes emerged from EDI incorporation in clinical simulation education and training for HCPs and healthcare trainees: (1) increase in self-awareness; (2) enhanced communication; (3) enhanced insight and knowledge; (4) strengthened EDI-related self-efficacy; and (5) increase in EDI-related competence and skills. Clinical simulation provides opportunities for EDI integration in healthcare education. Several implications were identified: (1) employing a more systematic process for EDI integration in healthcare education and programs; (2) developing a digital repository of EDI-focused clinical scenarios; (3) co-creating EDI-focused clinical simulations with persons of diverse background; (4) the importance of maintaining a safe learning environment for all involved persons – learners, staff, faculty and standardized/simulated patients in the EDI simulations; and (5) the need for more robust and rigorous research to advance the science of clinical simulation.

Equity in Global Health Research.

Equity in Global Health Research.

Justice and equity approaches to college and university student food (in)security: Introduction to the special section

According to myriad studies, college and university student food insecurity is a pervasive and systemic problem. Most show that nearly half of college and university students experience food insecurity (Breuning et al., 2017; Broton, 2020; Nazmi, 2019). As defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), food insecurity is the “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways” (USDA Economic Research Service, 2022, para. 3). The experience of food insecurity, however, manifests in various ways for students, including the actuality of being hungry, not having enough food, consuming poor-quality food, rationing, embarrassment and stigma, and consistent worry and fear about accessing their next meal (Henry, 2020). . . .

Preliminary Program Guide: Sunday, May 21, 2023

Preliminary Program Guide: Sunday, May 21, 2023

Association between frailty, chronic conditions and socioeconomic status in community-dwelling older adults attending primary care: a cross-sectional study using practice-based research network data

ObjectivesFrailty is a multidimensional syndrome of loss of reserves in energy, physical ability, cognition and general health. Primary care is key in preventing and managing frailty, mindful of the social...

Providers’ Perspectives on Women’s Healthcare Disparities and Barriers

ABSTRACT Women face persistent disparities in healthcare quality, access to care, and treatment rates and outcomes, with women from marginalized identities facing greater difficulties. Little is known about providers’ understanding of these disparities, despite the vital role they play. This qualitative study explored interdisciplinary providers’ (psychologists and primary care physicians) perceptions of healthcare disparities and challenges across marginalized groups of women (women of color, women with disabilities, and women from low SES, elderly, and LGBTQ backgrounds). Providers frequently focused on individual patient barriers over systemic and relational barriers. Narratives varied by provider type and when discussing different groups of women. Continued provider training and health equity approaches are needed to combat healthcare disparities for diverse women.

Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups in Keonjhar District

In the last decades, the concept of women empowerment has changed from welfare to equity approach by which the present-day women are participating in decision making process in all aspects of society and developing internal qualities such as self-awareness and self-confidence. In this way, women’s empowerment has become a pre- requisite for the socio-economic development of any community in the process of change. In India, poor rural people face with illiteracy, lack of skills, health care, etc. These are problems that cannot be tackled individually and can be solved through group efforts. Today this collective action is known as Self-Help Group (SHG), considered the vehicle of change for the poor, mostly for marginalized women. The initial idea with the creation of the SHGs was to empower women economically and socially. So, they can become more confident, more assertive, and more likely to participate in family and community decisions. Women empowerment is the word comes to the mind when we talk about Self-Help Groups. The present paper aimed to explore the impact and role of SHGs on rural women. Descriptive- exploratory design was used in the present study. Interview schedule was used for data collection. The study revealed that the women were joined SHG for the attainment, economic independence, to get recognition from society and to develop their self-confidence. Majority of women (90%) opined that they are able to increase their income and 76% women are learning new skills. Further 60% of women opined that they are buying their own stuff without depending their family members. It also reveals that 88%, 80% and 66% of women developed their self- confidence, social status and participating in decision making process with husbands for their family respectively. Through the different kind of activities women are able to earn something on their own without any male assistance and are now able to contribute to their family income.

An Equity and Justice-Informed Ethical Framework to Guide Incidental Findings in Brain Imaging Research.

The handling of incidental findings (IFs) in brain imaging studies has been a source of contention among scientists and bioethicists. A conceptual framework informed by diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and distributive justice approaches, namely EUSTICE, is proposed for the ethical handling and reporting of IFs in brain imaging research. I argue that EUSTICE provides a systematic and inclusive approach to addressing the ethical conundrum around IF disclosure and managing IFs proportionately and sensitively in brain imaging research. The EUSTICE framework may have implications for the field of neurosciences or human studies broadly in guiding ethics of IFs in research.

Distracted and Impaired Driving Among U.S. Adolescents, 2019, USA.

Distracted driving, the act of focusing on something else while operating a vehicle, is a significant health problem among adolescents. Although some studies have reported on prevalence among adolescents in the United States, limited studies have examined differences by sexual identity status. The purpose of the present study was to examine past 30-day distracted driving by sexual identity status among a large, national sample of adolescents ages 14 to 18 years. A secondary analysis was conducted on the 2019 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (YRBSS) data, and associations between distracted driving and demographics (e.g., biological sex, age, race/ethnicity) were assessed with weighted logistic regression analyses. A total of 13,590 adolescents ages 14 to 18 years were part of the final analytic sample. Twenty-three percent of adolescents reported distracted driving in the past 30 days. Compared with heterosexual adolescents, gay/lesbian (14.3%), bisexual (18.1%), and questioning (12.9%) adolescents reported lower distracted driving in the past 30 days. Findings through a health equity approach may inform harm reduction efforts and behavioral interventions.

Faculty Equity Issues and Challenges: Analysis of Problems and Obstacles that Outstanding Engineering Faculty Face

Equity is defined as “fairness and impartiality based on even-handed treatment” (Nace, 2021, Unitedwaynce, 2021). Current engineering education problems are the improper selection of faculty members, educational leaders, and administrators. Equity approaches will alone sustain the fast growth of attributes of graduates, and service to society through creating human and knowledge capital. The National Education Policy 2020 focuses on the vibrant growth of engineering education. This research paper assesses the prevailing equity culture, getting feedback from the senior faculty members, and suggests ways and means of implementing equity, norms, and standards in recruiting outstanding and wellaccomplished faculty members, and training and developing them. Best practices in ethics, areas that require major change and development, the impact of ethical practice, and the responsibilities of maintaining ethics in an institute are presented. Keywords: Ethics, the desired scenario of engineering institutes as per NEP 2020, Best practices in ethics, the impact of ethical practice, maintaining ethics, soft solutions, and implementation strategy.