Vehicle Equipment Research Articles

A Method of Making DEM by Data Fusion of Multi-Device Point Cloud

When planning to build greenways in jungles, accurate topographic information of the target area is significant. The traditional topographic survey is usually manually conducted with several tools, which is not only labour-intensive and time-consuming, but also has limitations in accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents a method to generate a digital elevation model based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and ground equipment supplements the ground area covered by vegetation where UAV-based equipment cannot reach. Iterated Closest Point (ICP) is first used to register the point cloud data from UAV and ground mobile equipment. Then, point cloud classification is used to non-ground point cloud. Finally, the digital elevation model and contour line are obtained. A real experiment is conducted to validate the presented method. The results show that this method not only overcomes the UAV’s limitation of having difficulty in collecting point cloud data from the covered area, but also realizes large-area point cloud data collection that ground mobile equipment cannot. Compared with the traditional base station and multi-person assistance measurement, the presented method is more efficient and effective.

Development of the method of complexing the results of radio monitoring and remote earth sensing

The objects of the research are the objects of monitoring of groups of troops (forces). The relevance of the research lies in the need for a comprehensive analysis of monitoring objects from several sources of information. The results of the analysis show that the most reliable and accurate information comes from aerial monitoring, orbital remote sensing of the Earth and radio monitoring. At the same time, instrumental errors of radio monitoring devices do not allow determining the location of sources of radio radiation with the accuracy necessary for localization (neutralization) of threats. A method of integrating the results of radio monitoring and remote sensing of the Earth has been developed. The essence of the proposed research is the complex processing of monitoring results from various sources of information extraction. The difference between the proposed method and the known ones is that the specified method contains the following improved procedures: ‒ taking into account the type of uncertainty about the state of the monitoring object (complete uncertainty, partial uncertainty, full awareness); ‒ carry out a multi-level analysis of the state of the monitoring object according to 4 levels and 3 significant events; ‒ detection of a monitoring object as part of a group monitoring object. The use of the proposed approach to radio monitoring information processing and monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles/devices of remote sensing of the Earth allows to reduce the time required for deciphering aerospace images by at least 1.3 times. At the same time, the accuracy of determining the coordinates will be limited by the resolution of the equipment of unmanned aerial vehicles/ devices of remote sensing of the Earth and is of the order of 0.5 m.

Improving level measurement techniques and measurement accuracy in vehicle fuel tanks

Measuring the level and accurate transmission of the amount of fuel in vehicle fuel tanks are important in many ways. In vehicle warehouse designs, very different geometric shapes are encountered. Vehicle geometry and equipment placement cause warehouses to be produced in very different geometries. It is very important that information about the amount of fuel is transmitted to the driver in the most accurate way so that the driving safety and the car can travel safe distances. Shaking the fuel in the tank on a flat road, slope or off-road conditions may affect the display of the correct amount of fuel. In the study, the maximum and minimum production tolerance and geometry of the vehicle tanks, known as the mathematical model, the turbulence caused by acceleration of the float fuel measurement system in contact with the liquid placed in the tank, as well as the accuracy of the Up/Down movement of the level measurement float and the measurement of the fuel level as a result of the turbulence, were examined. The study focused on the oscillation of the measuring part on the float and the preventive geometries.

ANALYSIS OF BRAKE SYSTEMS IN MOTOR VEHICLES USING PRACTICAL EXAMPLES FROM THE ASPECT OF THEIR DIAGNOSTICS

The part of the braking system that has the task of transmitting the command activated by the driver to thebrakes is called the transmission mechanism. The transmission mechanism itself can be different depending on howit is constructed and conceptually executed. As for the conceptual solution, the question arises as to whether thetransmission method itself must be such that the driver's command is only transmitted to the brakes or the driver'scommand itself is handed over to a separate energy system. The energy system itself can be such that it additionallyhelps the activation of the brakes (servo brake force boosters) or completely takes over the activation of the brakes,with the creation of a certain braking force on the wheels, and these are the so-called mechanisms with full servoaction. Today we have the following transmission mechanisms in use: Mechanical transmission, hydraulic with orwithout servo amplification, hydraulic with full servo action, pneumatic with full servo action, hydro-pneumaticwith servo amplification or with full servo action. The very choice of these systems depends on a large number offactors, but the main one is - how much energy must be delivered to the brakes. Each of these systems is explainedseparately in the paper. A mechanical transmission mechanism is a system that does not have any additional servoamplification, but the command of the driver or the person operating the machine is directly transmitted to thebrakes. Based on this, we can conclude that the application of this transmission mechanism in brake systems is quitelimited. Today, this transmission mechanism is only used as a service brake on some slower trucks and tractors. Thehydraulic transmission mechanism is the system that is most common in brake systems of passenger, light cargo anddelivery vehicles. In the case of vehicles weighing up to 1000 kg, the driver alone is sufficient to develop thenecessary energy for braking, so it is not necessary to additionally support the braking force with servo boosters. Butthat's why smaller trucks and delivery vehicles need additional help from a servo booster to activate the brakingforce. Servo amplifiers have become an integral part of the equipment in passenger vehicles primarily due to thesafety, security and comfort of passengers. In contrast to the mechanical transmission, this system is morecomplicated in terms of performance and its operation is based on the transmission of pressure through the brakefluid from the main brake cylinder to the brake cylinder in the brakes. The pressure created by the brake fluid actson the pistons in the cylinder itself and in this way force is created and the brakes are activated. The main advantageof this system is the very safety and safer braking, because with the hydraulic system it is possible to make adistribution in several independent branches to the cylinders on the brakes, and this is one of the basic satisfactoryrequirements in the ECE regulation that the brakes must also have an auxiliary braking system in case dismissal ofthe principal. The system itself consists of: the pedal, which is activated by pressing the foot on the pedal itself, themain brake cylinder, the distribution system, the working brake cylinders in the brakes and the brake itself.

Frequency veering between car body and under-chassis equipment of railway vehicles in vertical bending mode

The coupled system of the car body and the under-chassis equipment is a significant part of the railway vehicle and directly influences the vehicle dynamics. A continuous modal parameter tracking method is proposed to analyse the frequency veering phenomenon occurring between a car body and under-chassis equipment. Veering determination methods based on the modal assurance criterion, mode shape similarity and phase difference were proposed. Results show that altering the natural frequency of the under-chassis equipment causes frequency veering between the first-order vertical bending of the car body and vertical motion of the under-chassis equipment. For the car body with a single under-chassis equipment, frequency veering occurs when the natural frequency of the under-chassis equipment approach the frequency of the first-order vertical bending mode of the car body without under-chassis equipment, and the modal damping of the veering modes changes significantly in the veering zone and intersect at the veering point. The proportions of the car body bending vector magnitudes associated with the natural frequency of the equipment on each veering mode before veering are interchanged during the veering. Furthermore, when the natural frequency of the under-chassis equipment is equal to that at the veering point, the vibration transmissibility near the car body first-order bending motion is the lowest. For the car body with multiple under-chassis equipment, a frequency locus may veer more than once due to different types of modal coupling between the car body vertical bending and the under-chassis equipment vertical vibrations. When the natural frequency of the under-chassis equipment is equal to that of the modal damping intersection point, the vibration transmissibility near the car body first-order bending motion is minimal.

Which Factors Affect User Satisfaction with ETC? Evidence from Shanghai and Beijing

Owing to the current development trend of globalization and informatization, traditional transportation technologies and means can no longer meet the needs of economic and social development. Thus, intelligent transportation will be an inevitable and revolutionary choice for the development of the transportation industry. As a subsystem of the intelligent transportation system, the electronic nonstop toll collection (ETC) system provides a good solution to the problems of traffic congestion, environmental pollution, energy consumption, and low toll operation efficiency caused by expressway toll collection. This high-technology system is utilized in many fields, such as radio communication and computer and automatic control in the transportation field. China’s expressway ETC systems have evident effects on congestion reduction at toll stations. Although the advantages of ETC lanes are significant, and China actively implements ETC-handling policies, some drivers are reluctant to install ETC on-board systems or they have negative experiences after handling them. According to a survey, existing literature lacks research on the factors affecting user satisfaction with ETC. On the basis of the questionnaire data of ETC user experience in Shanghai and Beijing, we comprehensively investigate the reasons of banking, ETC equipment, and drivers’ personal factors and travel characteristics to establish an ordinal logistics model. Through cluster analysis, drivers in the two cities are divided into three groups, and the significance of related variables is further analyzed. This research can help us understand the degree of influence of different factors on user satisfaction with ETC to a certain extent. Moreover, effective methods and measures can be used to promote the popularity of ETC vehicle equipment and the utilization rate of ETC-dedicated lanes.

Early detection of failures from vehicle equipment data using K-means clustering design

Through data mining from vehicle construction equipment, the paper presents a unique approach to the early diagnosis of machinery failures. We used an effective K-means clustering algorithm to discover inconsistencies in field data. Data is stored in a warehouse using the Structural Query Language (SQL). The vehicle equipment data is processed using the K-means algorithm. During K-means clustering, we applied the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) application dataset to represent the correct information, which enables risk detection based on the stored warehouse. The K-means clustering performs early defects identification in a dataset of construction equipment supplied by a Libyan organization. The clustering mechanism is based on the Euclidean distance, which is used to calculate the correctness of files in a large dataset. The tests make use of real-world equipment datasheets spanning five years. The results show that the K-means algorithm produces more accurate results than other methods.

A MPSC strategy with adjustable C-rate of lithium-ion cell for PMSM driving EV

Battery is the core equipment of the electrical vehicle (EV), battery life, and performance are critical to EV. Only motor variables are considered in most model predictive control (MPC) strategy in which battery indexes are neglected. A model predictive speed control (MPSC) strategy with adjustable C-rate of battery is proposed in this paper on EV with permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The rest capacity of battery is involved in the cost function, and the operating speed is related to the rest capacity of battery which adjusts the C-rate of the discharging currents further to protect battery. As the EV runs, the C-rate is decreased step by step according to the improved cost function, and the energy is saved to prolong mileage. The benefits of the proposed method including discharging capacities and operating mileage are corroborated by the simulation and repetitive experimental results under same conditions.

A multi-channel power input automatic switching system based on power quality analysis

AbstactA Multi-channel power input automatic switching system used for mobile vehicle equipment based on power quality analysis is proposed in this paper. The basic measurement principle of power quality analysis is introduced first, based on this principle, a hardware implementation of the power quality analysis unit is fulfilled, including function diagram, measurement sampling circuit, and communication interface circuit. A communication interface protocol is designed based on CAN bus used for interaction between the multi-channels of power supply input. Based on the power quality analysis unit, the multi-channel power input automatic switching system is proposed driven by the priority of input channel determined by sharing the data of the power quality between the multi-channel power supplies.

Experimental Study of the Effect of Bilge Keels Position as Roll Damping Devices on the Resistance of LCU Vessels

Landing Craft Utility (LCU) is one type of ship whose role is to transport combat equipment vehicles and amphibious troops to make landings on the beach. On the ship, bilge keels were installed. However, the installation of bilge keels on the surface of the ship’s hull will add resistance to the ship’s speed. To find out the effect of placing bilge keels on the additional ship speed resistance, a towing test experiment was carried out in the towing tank using the LCU ship model. Two bilge keels were manufactured in 4 (four) different positions, called A, B, C, and D positions. From the results of the study, it is known that the average value of the addition to the total resistance is; at A position there is an increase in ship speed resistance of 3.22%, at B position by 3.36%, at C position by 2.67%, and at D position by 1.83% of the total resistance in bare hull conditions. The results of this study indicate that the placement of bilge keels with the same shape and dimensions can add to different total resistances.

Availability of Automatic Identification System (AIS) Based on Spectral Analysis of Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) Determined from Dynamic Data Age

Good marine practice and proper operation of navigation, radio navigation, and radio communication systems are nowadays of key importance for marine navigation safety. This applies to merchant vessels and navy ships and effectively monitoring unmanned vehicles along a set route. Technological progress has contributed to developing equipment for ships and unmanned vehicles, which are fitted out with devices of the automatic identification system (AIS). One of the issues in AIS operation is limited-service availability, which manifests itself in the presence of incomplete data for the navigation parameters sent by radio, compressed in dynamic data messages. This results in the unusability of the system information for ships equipped with an AIS transponder. This paper aims to develop an AIS service availability model based on the mean time of incomplete navigation parameter occurrence in AIS data messages and to present the test results in the time and frequency domain using a mathematical method—Fast Fourier Transform. The study results refer to five basic navigation parameters and are indicative of a high service availability index—over 0.99 for three out of the five navigation parameters tested. Data recorded by a ship’s system receiver were the key source of practical knowledge concerning the limitations of AIS service availability. The experiment revealed interruptions in regular data inflow from navigation devices. In effect, a description was provided of a functional relationship based on a spectral analysis of the frequencies of the times occurring between service repair (time to repair—TTR), and the use of the model to analyze other variables was proposed.

Sensing the Urban Environment by Automotive SAR Imaging: Potentials and Challenges

In this paper, we discuss the possibility of generating high-resolution mapping of urban (or extra-urban) environments by the application of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing concepts to the data collected by mm-wave automotive radars installed on-board commercial vehicles. The study is motivated by the fact that radar sensors are becoming an indispensable component of the equipment of modern vehicles, being characterized by low cost, good performance, and affordable processing; therefore, in the future, nearly every single vehicle could be potentially equipped with radar devices capable of high-resolution imaging, enabled by application of SAR processing methodologies. Throughout this paper, we aim to discuss the role of SAR imaging in the automotive context under a theoretical and experimental perspective. First, we present the resulting benefits in terms of angular resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Then, we discuss relevant technological aspects, such as suppression of angular ambiguities, fine estimation of platform motion, and SAR processing architectures, and we present a preliminary evaluation of the required computational costs. Finally, we will present a number of experimental results based on open road campaign data acquired using an 8-channel MIMO radar at 77 GHz, considering the cases of side-looking SAR, forward SAR, and SAR imaging of moving targets.

Effects of Different Gasoline Additives on Fuel Consumption and Emissions in a Vehicle Equipped With the GDI Engine

Fuel additives are considered to be a cost-effective and simple approach to improve combustion and reduce the harmful emissions of internal combustion engines. In addition to the use of conventional fuel additives, some unconventional fuel additives also have potential to improve fuel properties. Exploring the effects of different unconventional additives can provide a valuable reference to improve vehicle performance by fuel optimization. In this study, five unconventional gasoline additives (i.e., isopropyl ether, aniline, diethylamine, dimethyl malonate and p-tert-butylphenol) were blended with the baseline gasoline (G92). The five blended fuels are referred to as G92-1, G92-2, G92-3, G92-4, and G92-5, respectively. Fuels with different additives were tested on a compact passenger vehicle with a 1.4-L gasoline direct injection engine to assess the effects of these additives on performance and emission characteristics, and G92 gasoline was compared as a baseline. The new European drive cycle (NEDC), which is representative for passenger car and light duty vehicles, was chosen in the tests. The experimental results show little or slight improvement in fuel consumption for fuels blended with additives. With respect to gaseous emissions, the vehicle obtains the lowest and highest NOx emissions by fueling G92-5 (blended with p-tert-butylphenol) and G92-3 (blended with diethylamine), respectively; the lowest and highest CO emission is acquired using G92-2 (blended with aniline) and G92-4 (blended with dimethyl malonate), respectively; the vehicle reaches the lowest and highest THC emissions when fueling G92-3 (blended with diethylamine) and G92-4 (blended with dimethyl malonate), respectively; and the lowest and highest CO2 emission using G92-3 (blended with diethylamine) and G92-2 (blended with aniline), respectively. Compared with the baseline gasoline fuel, all of the fuels with additives show improved engine-out PM emissions. Furthermore, all five additives can improve the acceleration performance slightly. In brief, diethylamine is potential gasoline additive to reduce carbon emissions, improve fuel consumption, and enhance performance.

Vehicular connectivity algorithm for cooperative transportation systems

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) means connectivity between wireless interface and mobile vehicle equipment which could be of either homogeneous or heterogeneous nature. VANET is an emerging part of research due to its ability to create intelligent transport systems. Roadside fixed equipment (RSU), and on-board unit (OBU) can be either public means of transport service providers or private (belonging to companies or individuals). In this infrastructure, messages flow from vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to roadside via wireless technologies such as IEEE 8.02.11.P and IEEE 1609 WAVE. The main issue in VANET implementation is the design of routing topology that gives accurate vehicle-to-vehicle transmission. In VANET, every participating vehicle node works as a single-vehicle node or wireless router, allowing vehicles that are 100–500 m far from creating a network and connected to each other by a large range using dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol. In this paper, we focus on improving connectivity by integrating simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) with NETSIM and present a new algorithm for packet delivery in different dense environments. In this work, we propose a vehicle connectivity algorithm for less (40), moderate (50), and more (60) number of vehicles and also analyze the threshold value of successfully delivered packets through simulation and the proposed algorithm. In the simulations and proposed method, the overall link and application throughput in VANET is enhanced, and the outcome shows that the connectivity is better than in the other techniques. This study has achieved good throughput in a dense vehicle environment. Performance of the networks has been measured through throughput, delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), overhead head transmission for less (40), moderate (50), or more (60) number of vehicles on different road paths.

Methods of constructive synthesis of antenna system of radio communication building on low-lying vibrators

In recent years, the radio communication system has undergone significant modernization. This concerns both the design and development of new means of communication and the improvement and modernization of existing ones and the development of new antenna-feeder devices for them. A general feature of radio communication networks is the significant dependence of the main characteristics of communication objects on the type and parameters of antenna systems and on decisions regarding their location. The developed technique of constructive synthesis of the antenna system of the radio communication device built on low-lying emitters is offered, with the help of which it is possible to synthesize the antenna system which will improve the technical characteristics of the mobile radio communication means. The method of constructive synthesis of the antenna system of radio communication equipment built on low-lying emitters is based on the mathematical model of calculating the directional characteristics of the speaker from low-located emitters for radio communication facilities. This model was presented in the article “Mathematical model for calculating the directional characteristics of the system of vibrators of radio communication equipment” [1]. Research methods – synthesis of antenna systems with the necessary pattern is based on the Hertz vector method, the method of induced electromotive forces, the method of mirror images and analysis of the results. The influence of the shape and number of elements of the antenna system on the formation of its radiation pattern is determined and the calculation for the selection of the optimal design with the required electrical characteristics is established. That is, the proposed technique helps to improve and simplify the technical performance of transmitting and receiving speakers. Based on the results of the research, a mathematical model for calculating the directional characteristics of the AS, built on low-lying emitters for radio communication equipment and methods of constructive synthesis of AS radio communication equipment built on low-located emitters, which is possible in the absence of with realized gain up to 16 dB. It is expedient to apply the developed technique: during the development of new AS and antenna-feeder devices for modern field radio communication equipment and AS for unmanned aerial vehicles; during the organization of communication by a field special radio communication node.

Hyperglykämische Notfälle im Rettungsdienst

In prehospital acute care, an undefined disturbance of consciousness frequently occurs as an alarm diagnosis for rescue vehicles. This group of patients usually includes those affected by hyperglycemic emergencies; since in general practice such patients are often already identified in the subacute stage and can be admitted for inpatient treatment if necessary (e.g. by ambulance), an acute life-threatening hyperglycemic emergency rarely occurs. In acute care, however, in addition to ensuring vital functions—especially airway management in the case of impaired consciousness Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8—the diagnostic differentiation from other acute clinical pictures, such as a central neurological deficit, is difficult, since most ambulances and physician-staffed emergency response vehicles do not have the diagnostic equipment for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis or imaging. Especially the differentiation between ketoacidotic and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic emergency is difficult due to the lack of ABG; for causal therapy the patient is also referred to the clinical setting because insulin in its different dosage forms is also not part of the common drug equipment of rescue vehicles. This means that prehospital acute care is generally limited to rapid diagnosis, stabilization of vital functions (especially airway management, volume substitution), and transport to the nearest suitable hospital (with intensive care capacity if necessary). Nevertheless, development of the competence “clinical reasoning” is paramount because a successful clinical therapy course is already set preclinically.

Design and Manufacture of Electric Car Chasis Frame for Two Passengers With Solidworks Modeling 2020

An electric car is a car that is driven by a DC motor using energy stored in thebattery. The use of electric cars is considered more effective in addition to notcausing air pollution and a simpler engine construction and as an alternativemeans of transportation. The frame/chassis is the main part of the car thatfunctions to support other components such as the engine, battery, steeringsystem, braking system, driver's seat and other vehicle equipment, and also asa vibration damper if the vehicle runs on various types of road surfaces andvarious modes of motion. From the vehicle, the frame used is a ladder framewhich has a simpler and stronger structure. This study aims to design andmanufacture the frame of an electric car and analyze the load received and themaximum load that the frame can withstand. This research begins with thedesign of the frame, then the assembly of the frame will be carried out thendata will be collected on the frame which will then be processed to determinethe load received by the frame and analyze the value of the welding stress onthe frame.

Estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake in major occupational groups and detailed occupational categories in the United States, April–May 2021

BackgroundWhile other studies have reported estimates of COVID‐19 vaccine uptake by broad occupational group, little is known about vaccine uptake by detailed occupational category.MethodsData on COVID‐19 vaccination were provided by US adults ages ≥18 years old who responded to the Facebook/Delphi Group COVID‐19 Trends and Impact Survey (Delphi US CTIS) in April–May 2021, reported working for pay in the past 4 weeks, and answered questions about their COVID‐19 vaccine status. Percentages of occupational groups reporting having had at least one COVID‐19 vaccination were weighted to resemble the US general population and calculated for 23 major occupational groups and 120 detailed occupational categories in 15 major groups.ResultsCOVID‐19 vaccine uptake for all 828,401 working adult respondents was 73.6%. Uptake varied considerably across the 23 major occupational groups, from 45.7% for Construction and Extraction to 87.9% for Education, Training, and Library. Percentage vaccinated was also very low for Installation, Maintenance, and Repair at 52.1% and Farming, Fishing, and Forestry at 53.9%. Among the 120 detailed occupational categories, the highest percentage vaccinated was 93.9% for Postsecondary Teacher and the three lowest values were 39.1% for Any Extraction Worker in Oil, Gas, Mining, or Quarrying; 40.1% for Vehicle or Mobile Equipment Mechanic, Installer, or Repairer; and 42.0% for Any Construction Trades Worker.ConclusionLow vaccination percentages were seen in many US occupations by the end of May 2021, early in the period of widespread availability of vaccines for adults. These findings could help inform the deployment of occupation‐specific vaccinepromotion activities during future viral epidemics and pandemics.

ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ БЕЗОПАСНОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ЗАПРАВОЧНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ РАКЕТ-НОСИТЕЛЕЙ НА САМОВОСПЛАМЕНЯЮЩИХСЯ КОМПОНЕНТАХ ТОПЛИВА

An approach is proposed to increase safety of the fueling equipment for launch vehicles, which use hypergolic propellants. It suggests using high-speed adjustable dispersed fluid flow to neutralize the fueling equipment and flush out the straits of propellant components.

Damage response of high elastic polyurea coated liquid-filled tank subjected to close-in blast induced by charge with prefabricated fragments

The fuel tank related to the safety and normal operation of vehicle equipment has become a vulnerable component under the attack from conventional ammunition and terrorist explosion. It is an important subject to improve the protection ability of fuel tank against strong impact loads. In order to explore the feasibility of polyurea coating on the protection of thin-walled liquid-filled tank under the combined action of fragments and blast shock waves, a series of experiments concerning prefabricated fragment charge impacting on polyurea coated fuel tank (PCFT) under close-in blast were conducted. The results showed that polyurea can not only reduce the perforation rate and damage area on PCFT, but the excellent self-healing characteristics can also inhibit the leakage of inner liquid. The micro morphology indicated that the "self-healing" of polyurea originated from the intricate overlap of tensile deformed filaments. Meanwhile, numerical simulation was carried out to reproduce the experimental results and expand the working conditions (blast scaled distance varies from 0.096 to 0.385m/kg1/3, and polyurea thickness from 0 to 8mm). The interaction mechanism of fragments and shock waves was revealed, and the protection enhancement mechanism of polyurea was clarified together with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to the summarized four types of damage modes on PCFT, the retrieval map of damage modes influenced by polyurea thickness and blast scaled distance was finally established. The research provides support for the application of polyurea on improving the impact resistance of liquid storage container.