Equimolar Amounts Research Articles

(E)-1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4-(1-phenyl-4-((2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole

The reaction of equimolar quantities of 3-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde and (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine in ethanol containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL; 37%) as a catalyst under reflux for 2 h yielded 1-(1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine. The crude produced was purified by crystallization using dimethylformamide to provide the title heterocycle in a 95% yield. The structure of the newly synthesized heterocycle was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and spectral analyses.

Abstract 4570: Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer

Abstract Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men in the United States and is their second leading cause of cancer death. During initial screen, about 17-31% of patients are diagnosed with non-metastatic high-risk localized prostate cancer. These patients have an increased risk of treatment failure and oncological progression. The contemporary treatment paradigm of high risk localized prostate cancer is moving toward a multidisciplinary integrated approach of systemic and local therapy. In addition, incorporation of molecular biomarkers can also improve the risk stratification and treatment of prostate cancer. Among the biomarkers for prostate cancer, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been proven to be an excellent target for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. We have generated a PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent, PSMA-1-Pc413, and a PSMA-targeted chemotherapeutic agent, PSMA-1-MMAE. The objective of this study is to generate a new molecule that combines PDT and chemotherapy to achieve improved antitumor activity. Methods: Using a bifunctional PSMA ligand, a novel theranostic PSMA-targeting conjugate was synthesized, which integrated both the photosensitizer Pc413 and the microtubular inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) in one simple molecule, PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413. This molecule was first tested for in vitro uptake and cytotoxicity studies using PSMA-positive PC3pip and PSMA-negative PC3flu cells. The conjugate was then tested for in vivo fluorescence imaging using mice bearing both PC3pip and PC3flu tumors. Finally, the antitumor activity of PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 was tested in mice with PC3pip tumors with and without light irradiation. Results: In in vitro uptake studies, the uptake of PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 in PC3pip tumor was about 3-fold higher than that in PC3flu cells. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies, when exposed to 5 J/cm2 of 672nm light, PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 demonstrated a synergistic effect leading to greater cytotoxicity for PC3pip cells (IC50=2.77nM) when compared to PSMA-1-Pc413 with light irradiation (IC50=372nM) or PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 without light irradiation (IC50=12.6nM). In in vivo imaging studies, PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 demonstrated selective uptake in PC3pip tumors. Further, antitumor activity studies showed that PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 with light irradiation significantly inhibited PC3pip tumor growth and prolonged survival time as compared to mice receiving equimolar amounts of PSMA-1-Pc413 with light irradiation or PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 without light irradiation. Conclusion: We have synthesized a new theranostic agent PSMA-1-MMAE-Pc413 that combines imaging, chemotherapy and PDT. The new molecule dramatically improves the treatment effect as compared to each single treatment alone. (The work is supported by NIH 1RO1CA255925-01A.) Citation Format: Xinning Wang, Aditi Shirke, Sriprada Chavali, Lifang Zhang, Ethan Walker, Gopolakrishnan Ramamurthy, James Basilion. Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted chemo-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4570.

Future clinical prospects of C-peptide testing in the early diagnosis of gestational diabetes.

Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed in the late second or third trimester of pregnancy. It is one of the most common metabolic disorders among expectant mothers, with potential serious short- and long-term complications for both maternal and offspring health. C-peptide is secreted from pancreatic beta-cells into circulation in equimolar amounts with insulin. It is a useful biomarker to estimate the beta-cell function because it undergoes negligible hepatic clearance and consequently it has a longer half-life compared to insulin. Pregnancy induces increased insulin resistance due to physiological changes in hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. Inadequate compensation by islet beta-cells results in hyperglycemia. The standard oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 wk of gestation sets the diagnosis. Accumulated evidence from prospective studies indicates a link between early pregnancy C-peptide levels and the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes. Elevated C-peptide levels and surrogate glycemic indices at the beginning of pregnancy could prompt appropriate strategies for secondary prevention.

Synthesis of Alkenylgold(I) Complexes Relevant to Catalytic Carboxylative Cyclization of Unsaturated Amines and Alcohols.

The carboxylation of unsaturated amine and alcohol compounds, including 4-benzylamino-1-phenyl-1-butyne (homopropargylamine), 2-butyne-1-ol (propargylic alcohol), and 2,3-butadiene-1-ol (allenylmethyl alcohol), using the hydroxidogold(I) complex, AuOH(IPr) [IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene], produces corresponding alkenylgold(I) complexes with a cyclic urethane or carbonate framework in high yields. The reaction takes place in aprotic THF at room temperature under the atmospheric pressure of CO2 in the absence of base additives. The products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The functionalized alkenyl complexes prepared from the alkynes can be protonated by treatment with an equimolar amount of acetic acid to afford five- or six-membered carboxylation products, whereas the related alkenyl complex derived from allenylmethyl alcohol decomposed to recover the starting allene via ring-opening decarboxylation.

(E)-1-(1-(Benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine

The reaction of a mixture of equimolar quantities of 2-acetylbenzofuran and (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine in ethanol containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL; 37%) as a catalyst under reflux for two hours yielded 1-(1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine. The crude product was purified by crystallization using dimethylformamide to provide the title heterocycle in a 90% yield. The structure of the new heterocycle was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and spectral analyses.

Enhancing the Metalating Power of ZnEt2 via Formation of an Alkyl/Alkoxide Potassium Zincate

AbstractAdvancing the use of alkali‐metal alkoxides as additives to activate organometallic reagents, here we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel potassium zincate [{(PMDETA)KZn(OtBu)Et2}2] obtained by co‐complexation of equimolar amounts of potassium tert‐butoxide, diethyl zinc and the tridentate donor PMDETA (N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). Demonstrating its ability to activate both of the Et groups towards alkyne C−H metalation, this zincate reacts at room temperature with 2 equivalents of phenylacetylene to furnish [(THF)2KZn(CCPh)2(OtBu)}2], whereas, for the homometallic [ZnEt2(TMEDA)] (TMEDA=N,N,N’,N’‐tetramethylethylendiamine) only one Et group is reactive towards the same substrate under the same conditions. Investigations on the reactivity of these complexes to undergo N−H amine metalation using 2, 6‐diisopropylphenylamine (NH2Dipp) and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ(H)) as model substrates revealed that while homometallic [ZnEt2(TMEDA)] is completely inert towards these amines, heterobimetallic [{(PMDETA)KZn(OtBu)Et2}2] reacts through one of its Et groups to form [(THF)2KZn(OtBu)(Et)(NHDipp)] as well as [(THF)4K2Zn(THQ)4]. The latter is obtained as a side product of ligand redistribution of a putative [(THF)nKZn(OtBu)(Et)(THQ)] intermediate. An alternative method to access mixed amide/alkoxide potassium zincates is also described by assessing the co‐complexation of KOtBu with Zn(HMDS)2 in the presence of PMDETA which gave [(PMDETA)KZn(HMDS)2(OtBu)].

α-Umpolung/Michael Addition/Quaternization Tandem Reaction to provide α-Imido-β-phosphonium Propanoates with Broad Spectrum of Biological Activity.

This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program ('PRIORITY-2030'). HRMS data were obtained in the CSF-SAC FRC KSC RAS by support of the State Assignment of the Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center", Russian Academy of Sciences. A.D.V, conducted studies of anticancer activity with financial support form the government assignment for FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS.

Neurotensin accelerates atherosclerosis and increases circulating levels of short-chain and saturated triglycerides

Background and aimsObesity and type 2 diabetes are significant risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide, but the underlying pathophysiological links are poorly understood. Neurotensin (NT), a 13-amino-acid hormone peptide, facilitates intestinal fat absorption and contributes to obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Elevated levels of pro-NT (a stable NT precursor produced in equimolar amounts relative to NT) are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CVD in humans. Whether NT is a causative factor in CVD is unknown. MethodsNt+/+ and Nt–/– mice were either injected with adeno-associated virus encoding PCSK9 mutants or crossed with Ldlr–/– mice and fed a Western diet. Atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed by en face analysis, Oil Red O and CD68 staining. In humans, we evaluated the association between baseline pro-NT and growth of carotid bulb thickness after 16.4 years. Lipidomic profiles were analyzed. ResultsAtherosclerotic plaque formation is attenuated in Nt-deficient mice through mechanisms that are independent of reductions in circulating cholesterol and triglycerides but associated with remodeling of the plasma triglyceride pool. An increasing plasma concentration of pro-NT predicts atherosclerotic events in coronary and cerebral arteries independent of all major traditional risk factors, indicating a strong link between NT and atherosclerosis. This plasma lipid profile analysis confirms the association of pro-NT with remodeling of the plasma triglyceride pool in atherosclerotic events. ConclusionsOur findings are the first to directly link NT to increased atherosclerosis and indicate the potential role for NT in preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD.

Approach to synthesis and study of pharmacological effects of new 1,3,5-triazine derivatives

Introduction. Among the derivatives of 1,3,5-triazine, compounds with different biological activity are known, but there are few drugs of this structure on the pharmaceutical market. Thus, the production of new medicines based on a triazine core, as well as the study of their biological activity is an urgent direction. Objective: synthesis of new 1,3,5-triazine derivatives using the reaction of recycling of 2,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazine-6-ones by 1,3-binucleophiles to obtain different substituents at positions 2,4,6 in one stage, as well as assessment of acute toxicity, diuretic activity in silico and in vivo for synthesized products. Material and methods. The target compounds were obtained as a result of the interaction of 2,5-disubstituted-4-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazine-6-ones and S-methylisothiourea of hemisulfate in the presence of an equimolar amount of sodium methylate in a methanol medium. Prediction of acute toxicity of the studied compound was carried out using the local version of the GUSAR software. Computer screening of biological activity was carried out using the PASS program. Acute toxicity in vivo was determined on white male mice. For experimental evaluation of the diuretic activity of the obtained compounds in vivo, the Taylor, Topliss model was included in the work. Results. 2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-6-(pentane-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine were obtained with a yield of 72% and 69%, respectively. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The predicted and experimental data of acute toxicity correlate with each other, and the studied compounds belong to the class "low-toxic". During the screening of biological activity using the PASS program, data on the estimated diuretic activity were obtained. Studies of biological activity in vivo have shown that the target compounds have pronounced diuretic activity. Conclusion. New compounds have been synthesized, their structure has been proved using modern physico-chemical analysis methods. The results of computer prediction made it possible to determine the potential class of toxicity and identify potential biological activity. With the help of experimental pharmacological studies, it has been proved that the studied compounds have low toxicity and exhibit pronounced diuretic activity.

Three-Component Synthesis of Substituted Perhydropyrans from β-Styrylmalonates, Aldehydes, and Alkoxyaluminum Dichlorides.

A three-component synthesis of substituted dimethyl dihydro-2H-pyran-3,3(4H)-dicarboxylates in up to 80% yields by the reaction of β-styrylmalonates with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of ROAlCl2 prepared in advance either by exposure of EtAlCl2 with air access or by mixing equimolar amounts of AlCl3 with a primary or secondary alcohol has been developed. If EtAlCl2, itself, is used, dihydro-2H-pyran-3,3(4H)-diesters are not formed at all, while dimerization of styrylmalonates by (4 + 2)-annulation-type to give substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes is the main process. The possibility of using the CH-O-Al fragment of alkoxyaluminum dichlorides in cycloaddition reactions with α-CH-functionalization has been shown for the first time.

Synthesis and Twin Polymerization of Si(OCH2py)4 for Nitrogen‐containing Carbon Materials

AbstractThe synthesis and twin polymerization (TP) of Si(OCH2py)4 (3 a, py=2‐cC5H4N; 3 b, py=3‐cC5H4N; 3 c, py=4‐cC5H4N) is discussed. The solid state structures of 3 b, c were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography showing non‐conventional H‐bonding, forming 2D chains (3 b) or 3D networks (3 c). Thermally induced TP of 3 a–c and their simultaneous polymerization with 2,2‘‐spiro‐bi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] (4) is described. The resulting hybrid materials were characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 29Si{1H} CP MAS NMR spectroscopy confirming the transformation of the SiOCH2 moieties into CH2 groups enabling the formation of the respective polymers. These results were supported by HAADF‐STEM studies, displaying micro‐structuring. Nitrogen‐containing porous carbon materials C_1–C_3 show surface areas of 1300 and 1700 m2 g−1, large pore volumes between 0.6–1.2 cm3 g−1, and nitrogen contents of up to 3.1 at‐%. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy reveal that pyrrolic, pyridine, and pyridone nitrogen atoms are present. If equimolar amounts of 3 a–c and 4 are simultaneously polymerized in the presence of [Pd(OAc)2] (5), then the Pd nanoparticle‐decorated material Pd@C_3 (900 m2 g−1) was obtained, which showed k values of −0.083 and −0.066 min−1 in the reduction of methylene blue and methyl orange, proving the accessibility of the Pd NPs.

Biomimetic Scaffolds Based on Mn2+-, Mg2+-, and Sr2+-Substituted Calcium Phosphates Derived from Natural Sources and Polycaprolactone.

The occurrence of bone disorders is steadily increasing worldwide. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional treatments of bone defects, developing bone scaffolds capable of promoting bone regeneration. In this research, biomimetic scaffolds based on ion-substituted calcium phosphates, derived from cuttlefish bone, were prepared using a hydrothermal method. To synthesize Mn2+-substituted scaffolds, three different manganese concentrations (corresponding to 1, 2.5, and 5 mol% Mn substitutions for Ca into hydroxyapatite) were used. Also, syntheses with the simultaneous addition of an equimolar amount (1 mol%) of two (Mg2+ and Sr2+) or three ions (Mn2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+) were performed. A chemical, structural, and morphological characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the ion substitutions on the lattice parameters, crystallite sizes, and fractions of the detected phases were discussed. Multi-substituted (Mn2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+) scaffolds were coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) using simple vacuum impregnation. The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), cultured on the PCL-coated scaffold, was evaluated using histology, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. The expression of collagen I, alkaline phosphatase, and dentin matrix protein 1 was detected. The influence of PCL coating on hMSCs behavior is discussed.

An AIE active luminogen derived using 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazide for the detection of sparfloxacin and azithromycin.

Herein, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen (AIEgen) NANH was developed by condensing equimolar amounts of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazide. The AIE behaviour of NANH was explored in a mixed DMSO-H2O (HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, 10 mM) medium. The self-aggregates of NANH show enhanced emission at HEPES fractions (fHEPES) ≥70%. AIEgen NANH (fHEPES 95%, λex = 390 nm, λem = 490 nm) was applied for the fluorescence turn-off sensing of sparfloxacin and azithromycin. With the addition of different analytes, the fluorescence intensity of AIEgen NANH was quenched by sparfloxacin and azithromycin. No noticeable changes in the fluorescence of AIEgen NANH were observed with other added analytes. Experimental evidence supported that the fluorescence quenching of AIEgen NANH by sparfloxacin and azithromycin is static in nature. From the fluorescence titrations, the detection limits of AIEgen NANH were estimated down to 0.64 μM and 0.65 μM for sparfloxacin and azithromycin, respectively. Further, blood serum samples spiked with sparfloxacin and azithromycin were used to examine the analytical utility of AIEgen NANH.

Catalyst- and excess reagent recycling in aza-Michael additions.

16α-Azolyl-pregnenolone derivatives were prepared via 2-butyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (n-Bu-TMG) catalysed aza-Michael addition of 16-dehydropregnenolone (16-DHP) carried out in [bmim][BF4]. The application of the guanidine base and the imidazolium ionic liquid made it possible to recycle not only the catalyst/solvent mixture but also the excess of the N-heterocyclic reagent. By the introduction of CO2 at the end of the reaction, both the guanidine base and the unreacted (excess) reagent could be converted into ionic species that remained dissolved in the ionic liquid phase, while the steroid components were extracted with an apolar solvent. After the removal of CO2, the experiment could be repeated by the addition of the steroid substrate and only an equimolar amount of the N-heterocycle. The methodology was successfully applied to a number of N-heterocycles, such as imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles, and benzimidazole. Indazole and indole could also be converted into the corresponding products, but a stronger base had to be used to obtain a recyclable system.

Новые органосульфонаты алкилтрифенилфосфония

The reaction of equimolar amounts of alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides with organosulfonic acids in water yielded ionic alkyltriphenylphosphonium organosulfonates [Ph3PC6H11-cyclo][OSO2CF3] (1), [Ph3PCH2CN][OSO2CF3] (2), [Ph3PC6H11-cyclo][OSO2C6H3(NO2)2-2,4] (3), [Ph3PCH2С6H4(OH-2)][OSO2C6H3Me2-2,5] (4), [Ph3P(CH2)4Br][OSO2C6H3Me2-2,5] (5). The struc-ture of complexes 1–5 was determined by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy.

Реакции бромидов бутен[бис(трифенилфосфония)] и пентан[бис(трифенил-фосфония)] с аренсульфоновыми кислотами

The reaction of equimolar amounts of tetraorganylphosphonium bromides with arenesulfonic acids in water led to formation of ionic tetraorganylphosphonium arenesulfonates [Ph3PCH2CH=CHCH2PPh3][OSO2C9H3N(OH-4)(I-7)]2 ∙ 4H2O (1), [Ph3P(CH2)5PPh3][OSO2С6H4(COOH-2)][Br] (2), yielding up to 89 %. The structural features of complexes 1, 2 were established by X-ray diffraction. Crystals 1 [C58H54I2N2O12P2S2, M 1350.89; triclinic system, symmetry group P–1; cell parameters: a = 9.506(8), b = 11.323(12), c = 13.662(10) Å; a = 82.21(4)°, β = 89.26(2)°, g = 72.60(4)°, V = 1390(2) Å3, Z = 2; rcalc = 1.614 g/cm3], 2 [C48H45O5P2SBr, M 875.75; triclinic system, symmetry group P–1; cell parameters: a = 10.307(7), b = 14.226(9), c = 16.291(10) Å; a = 67.07(3)°, β = 83.74(3)°, g = 74.65(3)°, V = 2122(2) Å3, Z = 2; rcalc = 1.371 g/cm3] consist of tetraorganylphosphonium cations and arene-sulfonate anions with a tetrahedral sulfur atom. The crystal of complex 2 also contains [Br]- anions. The P–C bond lengths vary in the range 1.779(3)−1.815(4) Å. The CPC bond angles take values of 104.33(15)−112.00(10)°. The S–O distances vary within the range of 1.4397(18)−1.4576(19) Å. Complete tables of atomic coordinates, bond lengths and bond angles for structures have been deposited in the Cambridge Structural Data Bank (No. 2164291 (1), No. 2165072 (2), deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk; http://www.ccdc cam.ac.uk).

DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL EXPLORATION OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH TRIDENTATE SCHIFF BASES

The hydrazone Schiff base ligand, 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) propylidene) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide, was synthesized by condensing equimolar amounts of 2,5-dihydroxypropiophenone and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide in ethanol. This ligand was then reacted with various metal chlorides to form complexes with Fe (III), Ti (III), Cr (III), Th (IV), VO (IV), MoO₂(VI), and WO₂(VI). The synthesis followed an established protocol. These metal-ligand complexes exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study their shape, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structure of the complexes as nano-crystalline.

Phosphorus–nitrogen compounds. Part 73. Dispiromono and dispirobicyclotetraphosphazene derivatives: syntheses, and spectroscopic, crystallographic and thermal studies

The synthetic, structural properties of new mono/bicyclocyclotetraphosphazenes were investigated. The formation pathways of bicyclophosphazenes were discussed, and also thermal characterization of the cyclotetraphosphazenes was evaluated.

Does sodium bicarbonate based extra-cellular buffering support reduce high intensity exercise-induced fatigue and enhance short-term recovery assessed by selected blood biochemical indices?

Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored through heamatological and biochemical blood markers in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty Cross-Fit-trained participants were studied in a randomized, multi cross-over, placebo (PLA)-controlled double-blind manner in which they performed a control session (CTRL, without supplementation), three NaHCO3 visits (three different doses) and PLA (sodium chloride in an equimolar amount of sodium as NaHCO3). Each visit consisted of two 30-s Wingate tests separated by CrossFit-specific benchmarks (Wall Balls and Burpees - both performed for 3 min). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and after 45 min recovery. Significant differences between visits appeared for blood pH, percentage of lymphocytes and granulocytes, red blood cells count and haemoglobin concentration at post-exercise and 45-min recovery, and for white blood cells count, percentage of monocytes, concentration of magnesium and creatinine at 45-min recovery. Most of the observed differences for heamatological and biochemical markers were significant compared to CTRL, but not different after PLA. NaHCO3 supplementation compared to PLA did not significantly affect exercise or recovery shifts in studied blood indicators. However, the changes in these markers after NaHCO3 and PLA in relation to CTRL indicate a possible role of sodium.

Новый способ синтеза производных висмута Ph4BiХ (X = Cl, NO3) и мезитиленсульфоната тетрафенилвисмутония

By reacting equimolar amounts of triphenylbismuth dichloride and dinitrate with penta-phenylbismuth in benzene, tetraphenylbismuthonium chloride and nitrate were synthesized, which in reaction with mesitylenesulfonic acid form tetraphenylbismuthonium mesitylenesulfonate with a yield of up to 73 %.