Equation Modeling-Partial Least Research Articles

The Effect of Effective Leadership on Nurse Performance in the Application of Patient Safety at Aji Muhammad Parikesit Hospital Tenggarong with Motivation and Workload as Intervening Variables

Background: Patient safety is the core of the quality of health services in hospitals. To achieve this requires a strong commitment from each individual and team. Various ways are done to improve the quality of service in hospitals, one of which is by increasing the performance of nurses in the application of patient safety. As one of the components of human resources who work directly on the front lines, nurses have more time to deal with patients. Methods: This study uses quantitative research methods to test and prove the hypotheses that have been made. The number of samples is 76 respondents using a Likert scale questionnaire research instrument which will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 3.2.9. Results: Motivation and workload can play a good role as intervening variables. The direct influence of effective leadership, workload, and work motivation showed significant and positive results on the performance of nurses in the application of patient safety in the inpatient room of AM Parikesit Hospital, Tenggarong. Conclusion: There is a positive and significant influence on effective leadership, workload, work motivation on nurse performance, as well as motivation and workload that can be an intervening variable in this study.

The Effect of Sustainable Supply Chain Management on the Performance of Certified Organic Coffee at Malang Regency

This study aims to analyze the effect of sustainable supply chain management on the performance of organic Robusta coffee in the Farmers Group, Amadanom Village, Malang Regency. The impact of sustainable supply chain management in this study is identified from the supplier, manufacture, and consumer variables. Supply chain performance is known through economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The approach used in this research is quantitative. The data was collected from 50 respondents. These respondents are all elements of Farmer Group's sustainable supply chain. Sampling was done by census and snowball sampling. The research used the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method to analyze. This study showed that the supplier does not significantly affect economic performance but has a positive and significant impact on environmental performance and social performance. The manufacturing variable has a positive and significant effect on financial and social performance but does not substantially impact environmental performance. Consumers in a sustainable supply chain have a positive and significant effect on economic performance, environmental performance, and social performance.

PENGARUH KERAGAMAN PRODUK, KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN SHOPEE PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS ABDURACHMAN SALEH SITUBONDO DENGAN MINAT BELI PRODUK FASHION MUSLIM SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

The development of increasingly sophisticated technology has resulted in changes in people's lifestyles in online shopping activities which are an option for some people due to the density of activities. The increasing growth of the e-commerce market in Indonesia has caused business actors to compete to switch to selling products in the electronic commerce market. The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine the effect of product diversity, service quality on Shopee consumer purchasing decisions with interest in buying Muslim fashion products. This research is a quantitative approach. The population in this study were students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Abdurachman Saleh University, Situbondo. The sampling technique used is Probability Sampling by choosing the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, indicate that product diversity has a significant positive effect on purchase intention, product diversity has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions, service quality has a significant positive effect on buying interest, service quality has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions, interest buying has a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions. The results of the indirect effect hypothesis test show that product diversity on purchasing decisions through buying interest has a significant positive effect, service quality on purchasing decisions through buying interest has a significant positive effect.

THE EFFECT OF AMIL’S ISLAMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING OF ZAKAT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS (ZMO): GOOD GOVERNANCE AS INTERVENING VARIABLE

The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of Amil's Islamic Characteristics on Quality of Financial Reporting and Good Governance as an Intervening Variable in Zakat Management Organizations (ZMO). The research used the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method with SmartPLS software to analyze data from 204 samples of commissioners and administrators of Zakat Management Organization. The results show that the character of trustworthiness, professionalism, and good governance had a positive and significant effect on the quality of Financial Reporting. In contrast, Islamic religiosity has no impact on the quality of financial reporting. The results also show that Islamic religiosity, trustworthiness, and professionalism had a positive and significant effect on good governance. Good governance played a role in mediating the influence of trustworthiness on the quality of Financial Reporting. The research findings provide managerial implications for ZMO and the government to utilize Islamic religiosity and character of trustworthiness as qualitative standards in Amil recruitment. Furthermore, it allows them to create and set Amil’s professional competency standards, including the fields of accounting and management, and provide Amil professional certification as well as establish Amil Professional Associations.

Students’ study pressures during the Covid-19 global pandemic: exploration of the effects of workload, self-expectation, grade worriness and despondency on college students in Indonesia

Pressure during the learning process is a common thing experienced by students. At some points, this pressure will be beneficial in increasing fighting power and motivation, but on the other hand, high-pressure conditions will affect students' mental health. This condition was also experienced when students entered the learning phase during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although several studies have revealed the effectiveness of distance learning during the pandemic, this study aims to reveal causal factors of learning pressure conditions during the pandemic such that it can trigger the emergence of academic stress. This study involved 750 students spread throughout Indonesia. Data gathering was through the use of a questionnaire with indicators developed from existing measuring tools. Data analysis using Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with Model Measurement Analysis (MMA) indicate loading, Cronbach Alpha, composite reliability, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) in fit conditions, and Structural Model testing also demonstrated valid condition and fit. The analysis shows a positive relationship between the predictors of the structural model consisting of self-expectation, despondency, grade worriness, and workload, which impact student learning pressures during the pandemic. There is an effect of workload mediation on the relationship between self-expectation and learning pressure. In reducing and controlling student learning pressures during a pandemic, it is necessary to consider these factors in learning activities.

Application of Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square for Factors Affecting the Risk of Pesticide Poisoning

The health belief model is used as a framework to identify factors that influence the risk of pesticide poisoning. Research on the factors that influence knowledge and behavior to reduce pesticide exposure using the Health Belief Model and the Structural Equation Model – Least Square has been conducted. This study aims to analyze the effect of the health belief model in predicting behavior to reduce the health impact of pesticides. This type of research is an analytic observation with a cross-sectional design. Structural Equation Model – Least Square is partly an approach used to determine latent variables with bootstrap parameter estimation. The results showed that all latent variables had an effect on farmers' self-efficacy. Increasing the farmer's self-efficacy by 1% can reduce the level of poisoning by 81.3%. Farmers must be able to increase their self-efficacy regarding the risk of pesticide exposure and implement safe pesticide use procedures. Abstrak: Model kepercayaan kesehatan digunakan sebagai kerangka kerja untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi risiko keracunan pestisida. Penelitian tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan dan perilaku untuk mengurangi keterpajanan pestisida dengan Model Kepercayaan Kesehatan serta Model Persamaan Struktural – Kuadrat Terkecil Sebagian belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model kepercayaan kesehatan dalam memprediksi perilaku petani untuk mereduksi dampak kesehatan akibat keterpajanan pestisida. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan observasi analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Model Persamaan Struktural – Kuadrat Terkecil Sebagian merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel-variabel laten dengan estimasi parameter bootstrap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variabel laten berpengaruh terhadap efikasi diri petani. Peningkatan efikasi diri petani sebesar 1% dapat menurunkan tingkat keracunan sebesar 81.3%. Petani harus bisa meningkatkan efikasi diri tentang risiko keterpajanan pestisida dan melaksanakan prosedur penggunaan pestisida yang aman.

THE EFFECT OF FACILITIES AND SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF GAS STATION IN SETU BEKASI, WEST JAVA

This study aims to determine the effect of the effect of facilities and service quality on customer satisfaction of gas station in Setu Bekasi, West Java. This research is quantitative research. The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) Smart PLS software version 3. The population in this study were gas station customers 3417308 Setu Bekasi, West Java, which according to Non-Probability Sampling with the Accidental Sampling method, resulting total sample of 353 respondents. The testing stages are validity test, reliability test, inner model includes convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite validity, Cronbach's alpha, outer model includes path coefficient test and hypothesis testing. The finding reveals that the facility has a positive and significant direct effect on Customer Satisfaction, the service quality has a direct and significant positive effect on Customer Satisfaction, and the facility has a direct positive and significant effect on Service Quality. Meanwhile, the facilities and service quality have a positive and significant indirect effect on customer satisfaction. From the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the facilities and service quality have an indirect effect on customer satisfaction, but with the facilities and service quality in accordance with what customers expect, it can create and increase customer satisfaction.

The Effects of TPACK Instrument Variables on Teacher Candidates in Higher Education

Being able to use ICT by physics, math, biology and chemistry teacher candidates is important in the Covid- 19 pandemic situation. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), Technological Content Knowledge (TCK), and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) instrument variables on physics, math, biology, and chemistry teacher candidates. This study used a questionnaire consisting of 75 items to collect the data from 400 respondents. The data were analysed by using the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The findings indicated that there were positive relationships among the variables of the TPACK. Of the 18 variables that had been analysed, 12 variables had direct relationships with other variables, and 6 variables had no direct relationships. Of the 12 variables, there were 10 variables that had positive relationships and significant effects.

ERP Software and Practicing Auditors

The purpose of the study is to find out Information Technology challenges facing by practicing auditors using measurement variables used in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. This research study has adopted the sequential mixed method research in which the exploratory qualitative study is conducted with the qualified practicing auditors across Kerala to identify various Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software using in their audit firms. The results of this exploratory study are then empirically tested with the 321 respondents from qualified practicing-auditor accountants in Kerala using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship between variables used in the UTAUT model with practicing auditors. Thus, the results suggest that all the four constructs from UTAUT (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) seem to be predominantly significant factors influencing practicing auditors.

PENGARUH REWARD AND PUNISHMENT, DAN BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA MELALUI KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Kecamatan Mangaran, Panji, dan Situbondo)

Human resource management is a very important element in an organization in achieving competitive advantage, so it is necessary to develop the quality of human resources with various efforts. The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine the effect of reward and punishment, and work culture on the performance of state civil servants through organizational commitment. The population in this study were civil servants with the category of civil servants in the Districts of Mangaran, Panji, and Situbondo. The sampling technique was determined by saturated sampling. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM).
 The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, show that Reward and Punishment has a significant effect on organizational commitment, Reward and Punishment has a positive but not significant effect on performance, Work culture has a significant effect on organizational commitment, Work culture has a significant effect on performance, organizational commitment significant effect on performance. The results of the indirect effect hypothesis test show that the Reward and Punishment variable on Performance through Organizational Commitment has a significant effect, Work Culture on Performance through Organizational Commitment has a significant effect.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP LOYALITAS KONSUMEN PADA SITUBONDO SPORT CENTER FUTSAL KABUPATEN SITUBONDO DENGAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

Marketing management can be defined as the analysis, planning, implementation and control of programs designed to create, build and maintain profitable exchanges with target markets with a view to achieving organizational goals.The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine the effect of service quality and facilities on consumer loyalty through consumer satisfaction. The population in this study are consumers from the Situbondo Sport Center Futsal, Situbondo Regency. The sampling technique was determined by the simple random sampling method. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM).
 The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, indicate that service quality has a significant positive effect on consumer satisfaction, facilities have a significant positive effect on consumer satisfaction, service quality has a significant positive effect on consumer loyalty, facilities have a negative but not significant effect on consumer loyalty, satisfaction consumers have a significant positive effect on consumer loyalty, service quality on consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction has a negative but not significant effect, facilities on consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction have a significant positive effect.

PENGARUH BUDAYA ORGANISASI DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA MELALUI DISIPLIN KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Pada Dinas Perhubungan Situbondo)

An organization or company can be said to be successful if the employee's performance is in accordance with the expectations of the organization or company. Improvement of the performance of the State Civil Apparatus is always carried out in order to achieve the target of excellent service for the community. The purpose of this study was to analyze and examine the influence of organizational culture and motivation on the performance of state civil servants through work discipline as an intervening variable (Study at the Situbondo Transportation Service). This research is an explanatory research. The population in this study is the State Civil Apparatus of the Situbondo Regency Transportation Service. The sampling technique used a saturated sample. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM).
 The results of the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application, show that organizational culture has a positive but not significant effect on work discipline, motivation has a significant positive effect on work discipline, organizational culture has a significant positive effect on ASN performance, Motivation has a positive significant effect on ASN performance, Discipline work has a significant positive effect on the performance of ASN. The results of the indirect hypothesis test show that the organizational culture variable on ASN performance through work discipline has a positive but not significant effect, motivation on ASN performance through work discipline has a positive significant effect.

DETERMINATION OF COMPETENCE, EDUCATION AND SELF EFFICACY WITH WORK SPIRIT AS A MEDIATOR VARIABLE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE TAX MANAGEMENT AGENCY AND RETREBUTION FOR THE CITY OF BATAM

In this study, researchers used data respondents, such as gender, age and long working respondents to provide information on the characteristics of respondents. The questionnaire was spread over 42. The discussion in this chapter is the result of field studies to obtain data on the questionnaire responses that measure five key variables in the study, namely competence, education, self efficacy, work spirit and employee performance. Analysis of data with parametric and non parametrics statistics using SEM-PLS (structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square) on the research variables, instrument test, normality test, hypothesis test, as well as discussion of the hypothesis test results and path analysis Path. This research uses path analysis to test relationship patterns that reveal the influence of variables or a set of variables against other variables, both direct influences and indirect influences. Calculation of line coefficient in this study assisted with Smart PLS Ver 3.0. To find out the direct and indirect influences between variables then be seen from the calculation result of the line coefficient and to know the significance.The influence of the variable X3 on X4 has a P-Values value of 0.008 <0.05, so it can be stated that the influence between X3 on X4 is significant. The influence of the variable X3 on X4 has a P-Values value of 0,000 <0.05, so it can be stated that the influence between X3 on X4 is significant. The influence of the variable X4 on Y has a P-Values value of 0.008 <0.05, so it can be stated that the influence between X4 on Y is significant. The influence of the variable X1 to X4 has a P-Values value of 0.010 <0.05, so it can be stated that the influence between X1 to X4 is significant. The effect of the variable X1 on Y has a P-Values value of 0.047 <0.05, so it can be stated that the effect between X1 on Y is significant. The influence of the variable X2 on X4 has a P-Values value of 0,000 <0.05, so it can be stated that the influence of X2 on X4 is significant. The effect of the variable X2 on Y has a P-Values value of 0.007 <0.05, so it can be stated that the influence between X2 on Y is significant.

ANALISIS PENERIMAAN DAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI SiKerja : Di Lingkungan Kementerian Dalam Negeri Menggunakan Pendekatan Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

AbstracThe purpose of this study was to determine the level of acceptance and users of the use of the SiKerja application within the Ministry of Internal Affairs by using the Technology Acceptance Model method approach. which uses five variables, namely perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude toward using, behavioral intention to use and actual system use. The type of data used is primary data obtained from questionnaires. The number of samples was 150 employees, then the data obtained were analyzed using the Structured Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method using smartPLS software. The results showed that there were 3 out of 5 hypotheses that had a significant positive effect, namely the variable perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness with a path coefficient value of 0.69 and a t- statistics value of 2.12, a variable perceived usefulness on behavioral intention to use with a path coefficient value of 0.75 and a t-value. statistics 2.12, the perceived usefulness variable towards Attitude toward using with a path coefficient value of 0.60 and a t-statistic value of 2.15. However, there are also 2 variables that do not have a significant effect, namely, perceived ease of use on attitude toward using with a path coefficient value of 0.61 and a t- statistic value of 1.04 and a perceived usefulness variable on actual system use with a path coefficient value of 0.60 and a t-statistic value of 1.02. .Keywords: SiKerja, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Structured Equation Model (SEM), Partial Least Square (PLS).

EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT MEDIATES THE ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE TOWARDS TEACHER PERFORMANCE AT BINA INSAN MANDIRI SCHOOL, JAKARTA

This research purposes to explore the role of achievement motivation and organizational culture that affected employee engagement in teacher performance. The research population here was permanent teachers at Bina Insan Mandiri School that is located in DKI Jakarta, with a total sample of 65 teachers. The data analysis method used the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The result indicates that achievement motivation and organizational culture have a positive and significant impact on teacher performance and employee engagement, likewise to employee engagement which has positive and significant in mediates the effect of achievement motivation and organizational culture on performance.

Pengaruh Knowledge Sharing Terhadap Kinerja Laboratorium Pengujian; Pelajaran Dari Implementasi Standar ISO/IEC 17025 Pada Divisi Concentrating PT. Freeport Indonesia

Performance of the laboratory in general is shown by the quality of the test results that have been carried out by the laboratory, this is determined by how the laboratory can produce test results data that are technically correct and accountable. This study aims to identify the effect of knowledge sharing as a factor in increasing the performance of the testing laboratory directly or indirectly through the implementation of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard and determine strategies to improve the performance of the testing laboratory Concentrating Division of PT Freeport Indonesia. Research data were collected from 73 respondents are employees who work actively in the laboratory. The research method uses Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that the knowledge sharing factor does not have a direct and significant effect on laboratory performance but has a significant effect through the implementation of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. In addition, laboratory performance is positively influenced by the implementation of technical requirements which is one of the clauses of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard. The results of this study are expected to make an important contribution to the Concentrating Division management as decision and policy makers, especially for the competency development or laboratory performance by supporting the knowledge sharing process in the laboratory and understanding of ISO/IEC 17025. Keywords: ISO/IEC 17025, Knowledge sharing, Laboratory Performance, PT Freeport Indonesia, SEM-PLS

Role of green human capital on company sustainability based on study at pertamina rewulu fuel terminal

This study will dissect the influence of green human capital on Company Sustainability. The number of participants in this study was workers at PERTAMINA’s Rewulu, Fuel Terminal, with a complete sample of 125 representatives. The data testing strategy uses the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square. The results of this study found that green human capital significantly affects the carrying capacity of the company, either directly by intervening in the administration of the green environment; besides that, green environmental governance also has a significant impact on the company’s sustainability. The company is committed to implementing the highest standards of occupational health and safety practices, respecting and involving the surrounding community to promote sustainable social and economic development.

Analysis of Outsourcing System and Work Motivation on Employee Performance

Background - Currently, many companies are implementing outsourcing systems for their company's HR management. Outsourcing is a company that uses human resources from other parties (external) to carry out work activities that are usually handled by internal staff and resources. The problem that exists is because the outsourcing system affects the performance of employees at a food ingredients factory in Cilegon, where there are still high complaints from clients regarding the decline in the performance of forklift operator employees placed in their company. This shows the inaccuracy at work leads to a lack of employee motivation. Employee motivation problems can be the cause of low employee performance in a company.
 Purpose - The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the effect of the outsourcing system on employee performance and (2) to see the effect of work motivation on employee performance.
 Originality/Value - This study tested 2 hypotheses with data sources originating from respondents of outsourcing employees of PT. AMP, a division of forklift operators at the Cilegon grocery factory, analyzed the influence of the outsourcing system and work motivation on employee performance in the company.
 Research Limitations - information, primary and secondary data in this study were only obtained from PT. AMP
 Design/methodology/approach - The population and sample of this study were all outsourced employees of PT. The AMP division of forklift operators placed 30 people in a food ingredients factory in Cilegon. This study uses a quantitative approach method. The data collection technique used primary data in the form of a questionnaire. The data analysis technique of this research used the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method.
 Findings - Based on the results of the direct influence hypothesis research, it is known that the outsourcing system has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. And motivation has no significant effect on employee performance

The Effect of Electronic Words of Mouth and the Attributes of Tourism Products on Visiting Interest and Decision

This study aims to analyze the effect of electronic words of mouth, the attributes of tourism products on visiting decisions through an interest in visiting Dago Dreampark tourism. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and verification designs. The sample used is 384 respondents who are Dago Dreampark visitors and social media users. Analysis of research data using the method of Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that the path coefficient was positive and indicated that electronic word-of-mouth and the attributes of tourism products had a positive and significant effect on visiting interest. The results of the R-squared value generated in this study are included in the standard model of the strength of visit interest, which has a positive effect on visiting decisions, and the path coefficient value is positive, and the results of the R-square value generated in this study are included in the strong standard model.

Perilaku Harian dan Profil Demografi Mempengaruhi Kenaikan Tagihan Listrik Selama Covid-19 di Indonesia: Pendekatan SEM-PLS

The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the use of electrical energy in households. There have been reports of changes in electrical energy consumption before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in several countries. This study aims to review the daily behavior activities and demographic profile of Indonesia's population regarding rising electricity bills during the Covid-19 pandemic through the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach. The research method uses the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) approach. A total of 137 respondents are assumed to have experienced the impact of rising electricity bills during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study proposes four hypotheses to be tested through the SEM-PLS approach. A total of two hypotheses were accepted, and two hypotheses were rejected. Hypothesis H1 (p-value < 0.05) so that H1 is obtained or there is a relationship between daily behavioral activities and increased electricity bills. Hypothesis H3 (p-value < 0.05) so that H3 is accepted or a connection between the respondent's profile and the increase in electricity bills. Meanwhile, additional devices that require electric power and the number of electric pulses purchased have no relationship to the rise in electricity bills during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia.