Equally Important Research Articles

The change of crop structure and its influencing factors in the Late Neolithic Nanyang Basin: New macrobotanical evidence from the Maotang site, central China

The Maotang site in the northeastern Nanyang Basin, central China, encompasses both the Qujialing (5300–4500 BP) and Shijiahe (4500–4200 BP) cultures. Based on the flotation of soil samples collected at the site, micromorphological identification confirmed the presence of three crop seeds, rice (Oryza sativa), foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), as well as 18 types of non–crop seeds, along with some fruits and nuts. The analysis indicated that during the Qujialing–Shijiahe Cultural period, the Maotang site functioned as a agricultural settlement cultivating a combination of rice and millet. Within this mixed farming, rice and foxtail millet dominated, while broomcorn millet occupied a relatively lower position. Notably, during the Qujialing Culture period, rice had greater significance than foxtail millet, and after entering the Shijiahe Culture period, rice and foxtail millet became nearly equally important. Based on relevant studies on paleoenvironment, agricultural history and archaeological culture, this article argues that cultural diffusion has had a significant impact on the evolution of crop structure during the Neolithic Nanyang Basin. Specifically, the northward expansion of the Qujialing Culture notably established a predominance of rice in the mixed cultivation system, which was more prevalent in the southwestern area of the basin. However, during the Shijiahe Culture period, due to the decline of the Shijiahe Culture's influence and the flourishing of archaeological cultures from the Central Plain, the position of foxtail millet increased obviously, and it nearly had the equal importance as rice in the northeastern area of the Nanyang basin. This study provides the latest archaeobotanical data from the transitional area of the central China, contributing to a further exploration on the relationship between the crop structure evolution and archaeological culture diffusion in the Neolithic period.

ISSUES IN TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE MIRROR OF INDUSTRY 4.0

The fourth industrial revolution is changing many aspects of life. Technological changes and certain aspects of labour law are dealt with by many authors. This paper, however, examines a less focused but equally important issue. This issue is the social and societal aspect of the issue. We cannot, of course, disassociate it from labour market developments, but we try to treat it as an issue of equal importance at every stage of the analysis. It is for this reason that the changing social structures generated by the Fourth Industrial Revolution are presented through the lens of social issues. Primarily through literature and the interpretation of legal texts, but where possible, the practical side will be included.

Sleep, nutrition, hydration and rest

Training and practice preparation have long received attention as the largest factors for injury prevention. While proper training and practice programs are a crucial component of injury prevention, they only represent a piece of a larger puzzle. External factors outside of training and practice such as sleep, nutrition, hydration, and rest are equally important for injury prevention due to athletes spending a majority of their day outside of their sport. These external factors have been shown to have powerful effects relating to injury epidemiology. They have also been shown to have major effects on the body’s autonomic and hormonal regulation systems. Due to athletes spending a majority of their day outside of training and practice, it is necessary that equal importance be given to external factors outside of sport, especially in regards to sleep, nutrition, hydration, and rest for optimal injury prevention strategies.

The need for cycloplegic refraction in adolescents and young adults

Cycloplegic refraction is considered the gold standard method when examining children and for ensuring accurate refractive error assessment within epidemiological studies. Recent reports underline that cycloplegia is equally important for ensuring accurate refractive error assessment in Chinese adolescents and young adults (Sun et al., 2018). The aim of this study was to assess whether cycloplegia is of equal importance for refractive error assessment in Norwegian adolescents and young adults. Non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic autorefraction (Huvitz HRK-8000A), and cycloplegic ocular biometry (IOLMaster 700), were undertaken in 215 Norwegian adolescents (101 males) aged 16–17 years. Topical cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% was used for cycloplegia. Two years later, autorefraction and ocular biometry were repeated in 93 of the participants (34 males), both non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic. Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive errors (SER = sphere + 1⁄2 cylinder) were more myopic (less hyperopic) than cycloplegic SER in 93.6% of the participants (overall mean ±SD difference in SER: -0.59 ±0.50 D, 95% limit of agreement: -1.58 – 0.39 D). Refractive error classification by non-cycloplegic SER underestimated the hyperopia frequency (10.4% vs. 41.4%; SER ≥ +0.75 D) and overestimated the myopia frequency (12.1% vs. 10.7%; SER ≤ -0.75 D), as compared with refractive error classification by cycloplegic SER. Mean crystalline lens thickness decreased and mean anterior chamber depth increased with cycloplegia, with the largest changes in the hyperopes compared with the emmetropes and myopes (p ≤ 0.04). The individual differences between non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic SER varied by more than ±0.25 D between first and second visit for 31% of the participants. Accurate baseline measurements — as well as follow-up measurements — are imperative for deciding when and what to prescribe for myopic and hyperopic children, adolescents, and young adults. The results here confirm that cycloplegia is necessary to ensure accurate measurement of refractive errors in Norwegian adolescents and young adults.

Amelioration, inclusion, and legal recognition: On sex, gender, and the UK's Gender Recognition Act

Amelioration, inclusion, and legal recognition: On sex, gender, and the <scp>UK</scp>'s Gender Recognition Act

The Importance of the Teaching of Gaudium et spes for the Introduction of Dolus as a Ground for Marriage Nullity in the 1983 Code of Canon Law

The present essay is aimed to highlight the impact of the teaching of Vatican II, through the pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes, on the introduction of a new ground for marriage nullity, namely, dolus. In order to reach this aim, the essay provides a short presentation of the teaching of the 1917 Code of Canon Law. The essay emphasizes that in this code was stressed more the procreative end of matrimonial consent and less the importance of matrimonial love in giving consent. The 1917 Code of Canon Law had the advantage of offering juridic clarity on marriage, yet the disadvantage was that the legislation was very much removed from experience of most married members of the Church. To this disadvantage the personalist view of some theologians and canonists was to give equal importance to procreative end of marriage and to matrimonial love. The personalist proposal was accepted and included in the teaching of the Council of Vatican II, more precisely, in the pastoral constitution Gaudium et spes. The council eliminates the hierarchical ordering on the ends of marriage and it teaches that both ends are equally important for a valid marriage. The council stresses the importance of the love between the man and the woman for a valid matrimonial consent. The teaching of the council led to the introduction of a new ground for marriage nullity in the 1983 Code of Canon Law. In fact, according to the teaching of the council, the consent consists in the mutual giving and accepting of the spouses. When one of them is deprived of knowledge of an important quality of the other party by dolus, the mutual giving and accepting in consent is incomplete or truncated. Also, the partnership of life and love about which the council teaches is seriously disturbed in such a case. As a consequence, it was necessary to be introduced this new ground for marriage nullity in the 1983 Code of Canon Law.

Overview of practice of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry.

Overview of practice of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry.

CenGCN: Centralized Convolutional Networks with Vertex Imbalance for Scale-Free Graphs

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have achieved impressive performance in a wide variety of areas, attracting considerable attention. The core step of GCNs is the information-passing framework that considers all information from neighbors to the central vertex to be equally important. Such equal importance, however, is inadequate for scale-free networks, where hub vertices propagate more dominant information due to vertex imbalance. In this paper, we propose a novel centrality-based framework named CenGCN to address the inequality of information. This framework first quantifies the similarity between hub vertices and their neighbors by label propagation with hub vertices. Based on this similarity and centrality indices, the framework transforms the graph by increasing or decreasing the weights of edges connecting hub vertices and adding self-connections to vertices. In each non-output layer of the GCN, this framework uses a hub attention mechanism to assign new weights to connected non-hub vertices based on their common information with hub vertices. We present two variants CenGCN\_D and CenGCN\_E, based on degree centrality and eigenvector centrality, respectively. We also conduct comprehensive experiments, including vertex classification, link prediction, vertex clustering, and network visualization. The results demonstrate that the two variants significantly outperform state-of-the-art baselines.

Organizational Performance: Are the Phases of the Talent Management Process Equally Important?

Organizational Performance: Are the Phases of the Talent Management Process Equally Important?

The effect of environment and behavior synomorph based on the type of activity selected in urban space

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban space is like a living thing that affects the behavior of participants and is also influenced by their behavior, whether it affects the body or the meaning of the space. The importance of this issue has laid the foundation of environmental psychology, so that it has attracted the attention of designers and urban planners to the application of the basic components of this branch of psychology in the design of urban spaces and public open environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of environment and behavior synomorph on the type of activity of users. The case study was Enghelab Street as an urban space has a historical background and a trans-regional functional scale was located in center of Tehran is suitable for examining patterns of environmental psychology, types of activities and their behaviors, as well as suggestions from field studies conducted.METHODS: This research is a descriptive-analytical research based on the basic-applied purpose. In data collection, quantitative-qualitative method was performed using exploratory studies and questionnaire analysis with SPSS software and analysis (version 22.0).FINDINGS: The growing number of participants respectively, make use of this space for compulsory, social, and optional activities. According to the required activities such as roundtrip time from work, most periods are between 7 to 11 a.m. after 6 to 9 p.m. The results obtained from the implementation of the Kruskal-Wallis test on the data show that the use of sample space for doing purpose compulsory, optional, and social activities is of equal importance in the sense that designing urban space following behavior and need is equally important among the users of space who choose with different purposes of social, optional, and compulsory activities. In more detail, the differences in the indicators were in the intimacy component (Sig: 0.024).CONCLUSION: These findings may provide that it is not important in what propose person use the place, the quality of urban place should be presented in the design of all public spaces of the city.

A Case Report of Non-Atherosclerotic Driven Myocardial Infarction in a Patient Presenting with Coronary Artery Spasm

Background: Non-atherosclerotic processes are regarded as equally important contributors to a substantial number of coronary problems mainly myocardial infarction. This includes coronary spasm which has been considered as one of the coronary syndromes leading to myocardial infarction. These non-atherosclerotic events ensuing in major averse cardiac events (MACE) not only require various diagnostic and therapeutic strategies but also there is a need to delineate the underlying etiology for their effective treatment and management. Case Summary: We report a case of anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) driven by a non-atherosclerotic event i.e. coronary spasm. Concomitant marked ST-segment elevation recorded on ECG revealed a diffuse mid distal disease in our patient. We report here the initial presentation, coronary care &amp; intervention and throughout the clinical course of our patient. Conclusion: Myocardial infarctionsinvolving non-atherosclerotic causes in young individuals as in our study should be reported by medical practitioners and given equal importance as they might indicate the underlying root cause of such events. Effective treatment of such future cases can be done by taking management strategies, diagnostic findings and prognostic data into consideration.

TMPRSS2: An Equally Important Protease as ACE2 in the Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The current pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) has caused more than 135 million infections and more than 3 million deaths worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a substantial role for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to gain entry into the host cells and has been recognized since the beginning of the pandemic with more than 6000 publications (PubMed as of April 9, 2021), whereas the role of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) is of equal importance though underrecognized with only one-fifth of the publications (1939).

The Impact of Higher Education Problem Based Learning in 21st Century: Evidence from Malaysia &amp; Pakistan

Problem based learning (PBL) approach has attained prominence due to its novelty in higher education. Problem based learning is pedagogical shift from traditional educational approaches to innovative educational approaches. Problem based learning alerts and challenges to classical and traditional assessment approaches because PBL is concerned with unique assessment approaches. Alternative pedagogies and assessment approaches enhance and give new insights to the effectiveness of PBL at higher education level. Students of higher education institutions learn through cognitions, socialization and experimental connections. Different students make different cognitive, social and experiential connections. This new phenomena has given new insights to the idea of shift of pedagogical paradigm in higher education with focus of teaching to learning. This approach has got prominence in scientific research and has equal importance in various fields of knowledge. It is equally important in other fields of knowledge. The major objective of this study was to explore the impact of higher education problem based learning in comparative perspectives of Malaysia and Pakistan. The participants of the study were included from Malaysia and Pakistan. Cross sectional research design has been used to analyze the collected data to achieve the objectives of the study. The study is significant for researchers in higher education institutions in comprehending the impact of higher education problem based learning in 21st century.&#x0D; Keywords: Problem-Based Learning, Higher Education, Impact, Teaching &amp; Learning

The Spatial Structure of The Landscape as One of the Elements of the Landscape Identity

The landscape identity is a holistic concept and includes many aspects of equal importance. Studies of the landscape identity often reflect local-scale aspects of the landscape identity; this is due to the emphasis and exploration of cultural and historical landscapes – through researching of a traditional management, traditional technology, the usage of local materials and local traditions. On a local scale, there are individual details, events, and people. The visual analysis and methods developed on its basis are mostly used in the studies of landscape identity. The architectural science recognizes the power of visual message which should be a planned and strategically guided aspect, as it has a significant impact on the forming of an overall image of the urban environment, as a visual message is a source of information and a topical issue in the context of the urban landscape. One of the characteristics of the visual aspects is the spatial structure formed by the building volume, the terrain, and the groups of woody plants, the planes formed by pavements, streets, meadows and fields, the water surface. Landscape identity is also based on the cognitive landscape research. The study of the interaction between identity and geographical environment provides an answer to how the transition from physical to socially cognitive identity occurs. Equally important is the group of cultural historical aspects of the landscape, based on multiple studies of the history of a particular place – from the beginnings of landscape formation, where morphological and climatic factors play an important role, to human made elements, where changes in the landscape structure and individual landscape elements are as a result of human economic activity that reflects the political, social and economic situation of the country. In the landscape planning process, the concept of the landscape identity is used to reinforce the character, distinction and specificity of each populated place or rural landscape, which is essential to preserve in creating structures and objects of a new landscape. The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of a spatial structure in the overall image of the landscape identity, as well as the subconscious, cognitive aspects that people think of landscape identity by common spatial structure, abstracting, smoothing out details, and giving symbolic meaning. The article summarizes the spatial structures of different landscapes, analyzes their diversity in both rural and urban environments, classifying them into types and subtypes. The article develops various spatial models and analyzes the cognitive perception of people using the survey capabilities. As a result, there are defined the role of the spatial structure in the comprehension of the landscape identity and recommendations for the inclusion and preservation of important spatial structures and elements in the planning process.

Restricted Structural Random Matrix for compressive sensing

Compressive sensing (CS) is well-known for its unique functionalities of sensing, compressing, and security (i.e. equal importance of CS measurements). However, there is a tradeoff. Improving sensing and compressing efficiency with prior signal information tends to favour particular measurements, thus decreasing security. This work aimed to improve the sensing and compressing efficiency without compromising security with a novel sampling matrix, named Restricted Structural Random Matrix (RSRM). RSRM unified the advantages of frame-based and block-based sensing together with the global smoothness prior (i.e. low-resolution signals are highly correlated). RSRM acquired compressive measurements with random projection of multiple randomly sub-sampled signals, which was restricted to low-resolution signals (equal in energy), thereby its observations are equally important. RSRM was proven to satisfy the Restricted Isometry Property and showed comparable reconstruction performance with recent state-of-the-art compressive sensing and deep learning-based methods.

A new weighted naive Bayes method based on information diffusion for software defect prediction

Software defect prediction (SDP) plays a significant part in identifying the most defect-prone modules before software testing and allocating limited testing resources. One of the most commonly used classifiers in SDP is naive Bayes (NB). Despite the simplicity of the NB classifier, it can often perform better than more complicated classification models. In NB, the features are assumed to be equally important, and the numeric features are assumed to have a normal distribution. However, the features often do not contribute equivalently to the classification, and they usually do not have a normal distribution after performing a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; this may harm the performance of the NB classifier. Therefore, this paper proposes a new weighted naive Bayes method based on information diffusion (WNB-ID) for SDP. More specifically, for the equal importance assumption, we investigate six weight assignment methods for setting the feature weights and then choose the most suitable one based on the F-measure. For the normal distribution assumption, we apply the information diffusion model (IDM) to compute the probability density of each feature instead of the acquiescent probability density function of the normal distribution. We carry out experiments on 10 software defect data sets of three types of projects in three different programming languages provided by the PROMISE repository. Several well-known classifiers and ensemble methods are included for comparison. The final experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

Normalized Paper Credit Assignment: A Solution for the Ethical Dilemma Induced by Multiple Important Authors.

With the growth of research collaborations, the average number of authors per article and the phenomenon of equally important authorships have increased. The essence of the phenomenon of equally important authorships is the approximately equal importance of authors, both because of the difficulties in comparing authors' contributions to a paper and some actual research evaluation practices, which (approximately) give full paper credit only to the most important authors. A mechanism for indicating that various authors contributed equally is required to maintain and strengthen collaboration. However, the phenomenon of multiple important authors can cause unfair comparisons among the research contributions and abilities of authors of different papers. This loophole may be exploited. Normalizing the credit assigned to a given paper's authors is an easy way to solve this ethical dilemma. This approach enables fair comparisons of the contributions by the authors of different articles and suppresses unethical behaviour in author listings. Bibliometric researchers have proposed mature methods of normalized paper credit assignment that would be easy to use given the current level of computer adoption.

PROSES MANJEMEN, STRUKTUR FORMAL DAN PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI

The purpose of this paper is to research whether activity of strategy development and implementation used in practice are formal structured processes, and whether financial and non-financial information are of equal importance across strategy development and implementation activities. This study uses senior accounting officers within large Banten and West Java firms (those employing more than 250 employees). The result from hypotheses testing showed that that strategy development and implementation were relatively formally structured processes in the companies investigated. Nevertheless, financial information and non-financial information are considered equally important both for the development of the strategy and implementation of strategies for the companies surveyed. Companies, it provides value and weight as important both to the financial information for strategy implementation process.

How to create a realistic customer journey map

Although many articles discuss customer journey mapping (CJM), both academics and practitioners still question the best ways to model the consumer decision journey. We contend that most customer journey maps are critically flawed. They assume all customers of a particular organization experience the same organizational touchpoints and view these touchpoints as equally important. Furthermore, management lacks an understanding of how to use CJM as a cross-functional, strategic tool that promotes service innovation. This article proposes a solution to the unwieldy complexity of CJM by linking customer research to the CJM process and by showing managers how to develop a customer journey map that improves a customer's experience at each touchpoint. Using the case of an actual retail mall, we show that common CJM assumptions about the equal importance of all touchpoints are fundamentally wrong, and how easy it is for retail managers and strategic planners to make incorrect judgements about customer experience. This article demonstrates through a case study how customer research helped a mall's strategic management team understand which touchpoints were more or less critical to customer experience. It also shows key strategic initiatives at each touchpoint, resulting in cross-functional input aimed to advance service innovation at the mall.

Are All the Subproblems Equally Important? Resource Allocation in Decomposition-Based Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms

Decomposition-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) decompose a multiobjective optimization problem into a set of scalar objective subproblems and solve them in a collaborative way. A naïve way to distribute computational effort is to treat all the subproblems equally and assign the same computational resource to each subproblem. This paper proposes a generalized resource allocation (GRA) strategy for decomposition-based MOEAs by using a probability of improvement vector. Each subproblem is chosen to invest according to this vector. An offline measurement and an online measurement of the subproblem hardness are used to maintain and update this vector. Utility functions are proposed and studied for implementing a reasonable and stable online resource allocation strategy. Extensive experimental studies on the proposed GRA strategy have been conducted.