Equal Voice Research Articles

Invited to the party but not allowed to dance? Examining strategic decision-making inclusion of top female executives

PurposeThe gender diversity of top management teams (TMTs) is slowly increasing. Research shows that top executives influence firms through their role in strategic decision-making but that executives are not equally engaged in it. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether gender affects the likelihood of inclusion in strategic decision-making.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on surveys completed by chief executive officers (CEOs) and using expectation states and gender roles theories, the author examines the relationship between gender and inclusion in strategic decision-making for 266 top executives of global public firms.FindingsAfter controlling for a myriad of factors, results indicate that female executives are less likely than male executives to be included in strategic decision-making. Firm tenure moderates this effect such that it leads to a greater likelihood of inclusion for female executives but not male executives.Originality/valueThis study provides a unique consideration of strategic decision-making in TMTs. The findings suggest that diversity and inclusion do not always go hand in hand and that female executives may need to prove themselves more than male executives to be given an equal voice in the strategic direction of the firm.

Education as a Path to Gender Justice for Maasai Youth

Abstract This study explored the differences between adolescent boys and girls and their tendency to accept the influence of others. This is important when considering not only one’s path in life but also the implications for independence and having an equal voice in a civil society. The study measured authenticity in 306 adolescent Maasai boys and girls and found that boys are significantly more likely to accept external influence than girls. Accepting external influence is inversely correlated with authenticity, a character strength linked with mental health and well-being, and arguably needed for democratic societies to flourish. Furthermore, unquestioned adherence to external social inductions serves to maintain the status quo and prevents responsiveness to needed change. The embodiment of authenticity is crucial for its actualization and takes place in the context of relationships. Schools represent a microcosm of the larger society and provide a window into different cultural practices and, as such, represent opportunities for transformation. The study discussed the social implications of these ideas, and the role Kenyan teachers play in the advancement of gender justice.

SP3.1.1Research Priorities in Emergency General Surgery

Abstract Aims Delphi methodology can be used to achieve consensus opinion amongst experts in a particular field. This study used a modified Delphi approach to identify research priorities in emergency general surgery (EGS). The aim was to establish a research agenda using a formal consensus-based approach in an effort to identify questions relevant to EGS that have been prioritised by relevant stakeholders with an equal voice. Methods Three rounds were conducted using an electronic questionnaire and involved health care professionals, research personnel, patients and their relatives. In the first round stakeholders were invited to submit clinical research questions that they felt were priorities for future research. In rounds two and three, participants were asked to score individual questions in order of priority using a 5-point Linkert scale. Between rounds an expert panel were asked to analyse results before forwarding questions to subsequent rounds. Results Ninety-two EGS research questions were proposed in Phase 1. Following the first round of prioritisation, 47 questions progressed to the final phase. A final list of 17 research questions were identified from the final round of prioritisation. These included questions on peri-operative strategies, EGS outcomes in elderly and frail patients as well as non-technical and technical influences on EGS outcomes. Conclusion Our study provides a consensus delivered framework that should determine the research agenda for future EGS projects. It may also assist setting priorities for research funding and multi-centre collaborative strategies within the surgical subspecialty of EGS.

Toward Aligning with International Gender Goals? Analysis of the Gender Equality Landscape in Japan under the Laws on Women’s Economic and Political Participation and Leadership

Abstract Gender equality and women’s empowerment is taken as an important precondition and driving force for the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite its highly developed economy and democratic governance system, Japan’s record of gender equality, in particular, women’s political and economic leadership, has stalled for a number of years. Even after the promulgation of laws for promoting economic and political participation and leadership of women, namely, the Act on Promotion of Women’s Participation and Advancement in the Workplace (2015) and the Act on Promotion of Gender Equality in the Political Field (2018), Japan’s global ranking on gender equality was lowered further by a widening of the political gender gap and remaining dearth of female managers. This study analyses the effectiveness of the legal frameworks aimed at improving gender equality, through assessing their regulatory design, compliance, and implementation. It also highlights how gender norms underlining the international human rights law and international development agenda have affected the development and implementation of those legal frameworks. The paper concludes that the laws aimed to promote women’s leadership in the economic and political spheres have not fully performed to achieve intended goals because of their weak enforcement mechanism, the lack of strong political will as well as insufficient awareness raising and advocacy to bring about transformative changes of gendered practices embedded in social context and practice. The partnerships among global and local stakeholders including international organisations, governments, business, media, civil society, and people with diverse backgrounds are essential to provide the necessary momentum to drive the laws to work effectively on the ground, through transnational and local advocacy. Japanese society is standing at a critical juncture to advance equal voice in economic and political decision making, which is a core of democratic governance and sustainable development based on the principle of leaving no one behind.

Is the Age of Impartial Journalism Over? The Neutrality Principle and Audience (Dis)trust in Mainstream News

ABSTRACT This exploratory study addresses the relationship between audience trust in the news media and the ideal of neutrality in journalism. It starts from the premise that, at a time when national conservatism is on the rise as a political movement in Western societies, journalism is less and less recognised as a neutral actor in politics. Therefore, efforts to present itself as such may be damaging journalism’s credibility and trustworthiness among its publics. The article examines this premise on the basis of a representative survey of Finnish media audiences and three focus group interviews, asking how Finns’ expressed trust or distrust of the mainstream news media is connected to their perceptions about journalism’s neutrality and impartiality—or lack thereof—in political debate. The findings indicate that while the large majority of Finnish audiences express trust in the mainstream news media, they are divided when it comes to their level of confidence in journalism’s neutrality. Moreover, both trust and perceptions of neutrality are strongly associated with audiences’ political outlook. We conclude that audience distrust of the media mainly reflects the difficulties that mainstream journalism faces in giving an equal voice to all political groups and views at a time of heightened ideological contestation.

CERModerated Discussion on “‘Participation Does Not Equal Voice’: Gendered Experiences in an Academic and Professional Society”

<i>CER</i>Moderated Discussion on “‘Participation Does Not Equal Voice’: Gendered Experiences in an Academic and Professional Society”

“Participation Does Not Equal Voice”: Gendered Experiences in an Academic and Professional Society

“Male culture” strongly persists in academic and professional societies, including at annual conferences and meetings, where women-identifying individuals report facing various forms of sexual hara...

Innovation Opportunities in Sport Management

The purpose of this article is to highlight the use of innovation sprints, flash teams, and inter-disciplinary collaboration in sport management programs that reduce the apparent proficiency gaps that exist between the expectations of industry and the college graduate. Companies in a variety of industries are using these tools to solve complex problems as the velocity of change and volume of data are increasing at a rate that makes constant innovation a necessity. However, higher education traditions and curricular silos appear to be causing graduates to fall further behind the needs of industry. Two innovation sprints have shown the ability to provide students with improved skills for industry while enhancing their understanding of sport management competencies through rapid prototyping, human-centered design, and flash teams. One innovation sprint involved a cross-campus collaborative experience. The second focused on a multi-college/university collaboration within sport management. Though both experiences produced better-than-expected results, the inter-disciplinary sprint may have produced a higher level of outputs. Furthermore, faculty and students alike appear to benefit from inter-disciplinary interactions as everyone learns more about each field represented and allows everyone to have an equal voice through a common lens. If sport management programs remain in their designated silo, their graduates may be falling further behind the expectation of employers. Previous literature suggests the benefits of innovative practices significantly enhance learning and drive creative problem-solving. Therefore, sport management programs may want to exploreusing innovation sprints, flash teams, and inter-disciplinary collaboration practices as viable practices to enhance student learning outcomes.

The inclusion of different segments of family farming in public policies for rural development in the context of the state of Tocantins

This article sought to analyze how the different segments of family farming were included in public rural development policies, created since the 1990s, in the context of the state of Tocantins. The research is of a qualitative nature, in which semi-structured interviews were used. Among the results, it is postulated that the agrarian reform settlers were those family farmers who most benefited from public policies, while the quilombolas and the indigenous people were the most neglected, even though the mediators realized that the State tried to give equal voice to the different social segments.

Deconstructing and Reconstructing Comparative and International Education in Light of the COVID-19 Emergency: Imagining the Field Anew

Previous articleNext article No AccessModerated DiscussionDeconstructing and Reconstructing Comparative and International Education in Light of the COVID-19 Emergency: Imagining the Field AnewElisheva Cohen, Laura Wangsness Willemsen, Ritesh Shah, Frances Vavrus, Nelson Masanche Nkhoma, Sonja Anderson, Prachi Srivastava, and Sarah Dryden-PetersonElisheva Cohen Search for more articles by this author , Laura Wangsness Willemsen Search for more articles by this author , Ritesh Shah Search for more articles by this author , Frances Vavrus Search for more articles by this author , Nelson Masanche Nkhoma Search for more articles by this author , Sonja Anderson Search for more articles by this author , Prachi Srivastava Search for more articles by this author , and Sarah Dryden-Peterson Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 65, Number 2May 2021 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/713720 Views: 494Total views on this site Citations: 10Citations are reported from Crossref HistoryReceived January 26, 2021Accepted January 26, 2021 © 2021 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Guirong Li, Xinwu Zhang, Delei Liu, Hao Xue, Derek Hu, Oliver Lee, Chris Rilling, Yue Ma, Cody Abbey, Robert Fairlie, Prashant Loyalka, and Scott Rozelle Education and EdTech during COVID-19: Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey during School Closures in China, Comparative Education Review 67, no.11 (Jan 2023): 53–77.https://doi.org/10.1086/723027Hannah Hoechner, Sadisu Idris Salisu Scapegoating the Usual Suspects? Pandemic Control and the Securitization of Qur'anic Education in Northern Nigeria, Journal on Education in Emergencies 8, no.33 (Dec 2022): 108.https://doi.org/10.33682/05zw-8mm1Hannah Hoechner, Sadisu Idris Salisu Toujours les Mêmes Boucs Émissaires ? La Lutte contre la Pandémie et la Sécuritisation de l'Éducation Coranique dans le Nord du Nigéria, Journal on Education in Emergencies 8, no.33 (Dec 2022): 111.https://doi.org/10.33682/6zws-v6j9Emma Carter, Artemio Arturo Cortez Ochoa, Philip Leonard, Samuel Nzaramba, Pauline Rose School Leaders' and Teachers' Preparedness to Support Education in Rwanda during the COVID-19 Emergency, Journal on Education in Emergencies 8, no.33 (Dec 2022): 164.https://doi.org/10.33682/c9gk-9wdeEmma Carter, Artemio Arturo Cortez Ochoa, Philip Leonard, Samuel Nzaramba, Pauline Rose Soutenir l'Apprentissage pendant la Pandémie de COVID-19 au Rwanda : La Préparation des Chefs d'Établissement Scolaire et des Enseignants, Journal on Education in Emergencies 8, no.33 (Dec 2022): 173.https://doi.org/10.33682/xeb2-jj22Elisheva Cohen, Laura Wangsness Willemsen The benefits and burdens of care: A gendered analysis of American elementary school teachers navigating uncertainty at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Frontiers in Education 7 (Nov 2022).https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.953259Francine Menashy, Zeena Zakharia Crisis Upon Crisis: Refugee Education Responses Amid COVID-19, Peabody Journal of Education 97, no.33 (Jun 2022): 309–325.https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2022.2079895Mathew A. White, Faye McCallum Priorities of the Next Decade for School Leadership and Teaching, (Sep 2022): 149–160.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4945-6_8Veselina S. Lambrev, Anna Kirova Emerging Teacher Leadership, (Jan 2022): 133–151.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7020-3.ch010Christine Min Wotipka, Emily W. Anderson, Catherine Vanner, Kristy Kelly, Ritty Lukose, Keita Takayama, Gerardo L. Blanco, Nicole Webster, and Esther O. Ohito CER Moderated Discussion on “‘Participation Does Not Equal Voice’: Gendered Experiences in an Academic and Professional Society”, Comparative Education Review 65, no.33 (Jun 2021): 555–572.https://doi.org/10.1086/714990

Deliberating or Stalling for Justice? Dynamics of Corporate Remediation and Victim Resistance Through the Lens of Parentalism: The Fundão dam Collapse and the Renova Foundation in Brazil

Using the political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) lens of parentalism, this paper investigates the more subtle and less-visible interactional dynamics and strategies of power, resistance and justification that manifest between a multi-stakeholder-governed foundation and victims of a mining corporation’s dam collapse. The Renova Foundation was established to provide remedy through a deliberative approach to hundreds of thousands of victims from Brazil’s worst socio-environmental disaster—the collapse of Samarco Mining Corporation’s Fundão tailings dam. Data were collected from a combination of fieldwork and archival analysis to assess the perceptions of victims, their defenders and foundation executives. The findings reveal 12 dialectical tensions from Renova’s attempts to remedy the victim’s injustices. The case analysis contributes through proposing a dialectical process model of stakeholder resistance and subversion to parentalist PCSR. The case reveals the pivotal use of time via the act of stalling as a strategic resource to exhaust victims and reach settlements. Furthermore, organizations justify their parentalism by blaming delays on the bureaucracy and shared responsibility of multi-stakeholder deliberation. Ultimately, I contend that victims must have an equal voice in the outcome of their remediation and that businesses responsible for causing harm should not decide these matters.

131 Developing An Integrated Comprehensive Geriatric Unit

Abstract Introduction Surrey Downs Health and Care (SDHC) is an innovative partnership consisting of the acute trust, community provider, three local GP federations and local authority. Together they deliver integrated health and care services for the Surrey Downs population. In April 2019, SDHC formally took over the management of an acute escalation ward at Epsom General Hospital. The aim was to redesign the model of care to offer a more integrated approach towards the management of patients with frailty. Method A change in leadership with interface frailty consultants developing an integrated multidisciplinary team (MDT) with reassignment of community staff. All members of the MDT had an equal voice and this helped develop the one team ethos. There were many developments along the way, but key changes included the agreement that a patients’ time is the most valuable currency and that we should be changing conversations from “what is the matter with you?” to “what matters most to you?” Results 1. A 100% increase in average daily discharges 2. An increase to 70% being discharged to their own home, versus 20% previously 3. A reduction from an average length of stay of 40 days to 13 days compared to the same time last year 4. Reduced 30-day readmissions at 15% versus previous average of 25%. Conclusion By blurring boundaries between the acute and community, allowed a frictionless pathway for patients. This has led to improvement in patient care and outcomes for the patient and system as a whole.

Women, Fishermen, and Community-based Tourism at Djoudj Bird National Park, Senegal: an Application Of the Actor–structure Livelihood Framework

While community-based tourism (CBT) has delivered on economic opportunities in some cases, researchers have questioned the viability of its impacts, often citing inequitable distribution of benefits as a critical debilitating factor. CBT is often based on normative principles that assume all actors have equal aspirations, power, voice, and access to resources. Yet tourism activities are embedded in the same uneven social structures that envelope and define local livelihoods. In this qualitative case study of a fishing community outside of Djoudj National Bird Park in Senegal, we analyze the way a CBT project fits within women's and fishermen's livelihood strategies, focusing on the social and cultural norms structuring their participation in tourism. We apply the actor–structure livelihood framework to unveil the interactions between the norms embedded in the community-level social structure (i. e., social and cultural norms) and individuals' agency as they seek out meaningful livelihood opportunities in CBT. The results of our study show that social norms, implicit biases, and cultural identities associated with women and Black Moorish fishermen, normalize their nonparticipation in certain positions within the CBT project. Through this analysis, we highlight norms shaping other livelihood activities and how they spill into the CBT sphere. We situate our findings within the broader scholarly discussion on CBT as a tool that encourages the equitable distribution of benefits and empowerment of local communities. We also discuss livelihood perspectives, specifically actor–structure framework, as a viable approach to explore failures, challenges, and opportunities of tourism as a community development tool.

Political Justice and Tax Policy

In addition to valuing whether a tax policy is equitable, efficient, and administrable, I argue we should ask if a tax policy is politically just. Others have made a similar case for valuing political justice as democracy in implementing just tax policy. I join that call and highlight why it matters in one arena—tax exemption. I also further that discussion by arguing that politically just tax policy does the least harm to the democratic functioning of our government and may ideally enhance it. I argue that our right to an equal voice in collective decision-making is the most fundamental value of political justice. To test this case, I evaluate our choice to exempt “social welfare organizations” from the U.S. income tax. In addition to efficiency and equity, I also ask whether the policy is politically just in a democratic sense. I examine three models of democratic justice: liberal, republican, and deliberative. In making the democratic case, I try to find commonalities among the three in order to further what an agreed upon notion of democratic justice might look like in the tax context. I contend that the notion of democratic justice must exist at the substantive level of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”). This Code-level application demonstrates that the typical criteria of efficiency and fairness do not provide sufficient criteria to evaluate the justice of tax-exempt policy. Political justice provides additional important evaluative criteria. There are likely significant other parts of income tax policy that need to be considered from the value of political justice as democracy as well.

Getting more out of farmer meetings: a practical guide for advisors

UK agriculture is full of examples of farmer meetings, discussion groups, workshops and knowledge transfer. Farming advisors run many events and workshops to help farmers improve and progress, however, the true potential of holding farmer meetings is not being realised. Facilitation can be a valuable addition to an otherwise ‘business as usual’ meeting. It can help groups to share ideas and challenges and ensure everyone has an equal voice. Facilitators and their array of tools and activities harness the available expertise at meetings to support change. By adopting a more facilitatory communication style and various discussion tool activities, advisors can improve the outcomes from existing farmer meetings and discussion groups.

Emergency Medicine's Role in the Crossroads of Social Revolution and the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Emergency Medicine's Role in the Crossroads of Social Revolution and the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Restoring Democracy Through Tax Policy

In this white paper, commissioned by the Great Democracy Institute, I offer a broad menu of tax tools to help restore our democracy. By undoing current levels of inequality, our tax code can help fulfill the promise of equal political voice and equal opportunity for all. To do this, progressives must be willing to move beyond loophole closers to assert a new, affirmative vision for tax policy. This report offers such a vision — one that puts workers before holders of capital, revives the regulatory potential of tax policy, and treats taxpaying as a civic act. Together, these tax proposals help revive a democracy under attack.

Bringing in “Outside” Voices: Reflections on Sustainability Dialogues and Conference Planning

Previous articleNext article No AccessEssay ReviewBringing in “Outside” Voices: Reflections on Sustainability Dialogues and Conference PlanningRadhika Iyengar and Christina KwaukRadhika Iyengar Search for more articles by this author and Christina Kwauk Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 64, Number 4November 2020 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/710772 Views: 100Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref © 2020 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Emily W. Anderson, Catherine Vanner, Christine Min Wotipka, and Kristy Kelly “Participation Does Not Equal Voice”: Gendered Experiences in an Academic and Professional Society, Comparative Education Review 65, no.33 (Jun 2021): 534–554.https://doi.org/10.1086/715115

Cosmo-Ubuntu: Toward a New (Exterior to Modernity) Theorizing about the Human, the Cosmos, and Education

Previous articleNext article No AccessEssay ReviewCosmo-Ubuntu: Toward a New (Exterior to Modernity) Theorizing about the Human, the Cosmos, and EducationJosé Cossa, Lesley Le Grange, and Yusef WaghidJosé Cossa Search for more articles by this author , Lesley Le Grange Search for more articles by this author , and Yusef Waghid Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Comparative Education Review Volume 64, Number 4November 2020 Sponsored by the Comparative and International Education Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/710771 Views: 320Total views on this site Citations: 2Citations are reported from Crossref © 2020 by the Comparative and International Education Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Marla Roschelle Goins Diva’s Culturally Sustaining Black Feminism: Tales from an Afro-Brazilian Teacher-Activist-Mother, Comparative Education Review 67, no.S1S1 (Jan 2023): S149–S170.https://doi.org/10.1086/722272Emily W. Anderson, Catherine Vanner, Christine Min Wotipka, and Kristy Kelly “Participation Does Not Equal Voice”: Gendered Experiences in an Academic and Professional Society, Comparative Education Review 65, no.33 (Jun 2021): 534–554.https://doi.org/10.1086/715115

Can teachers disrupt their professional identity and enable Children’s participation? Comparing teachers’ and municipal officials’ work with students in democratic spaces

This paper explores how teachers conceive and facilitate children’s participation in student councils, by comparing their conceptions and practices to those of municipal officials operating a municipal children’s parliament. Findings from an exploratory case-study suggest that the latter, guided by citizen consultation discourse, view children as municipal citizens and treat them as adults. In contrast, teachers, guided by pedagogical ethics and protectionist developmental discourses and approaches, treat children as adults-in-the making unprepared for full participation. This divergence, we argue, offers insight into the difficulty teachers have disrupting their professional identity to enable children an equal voice in democratic spaces. This difficulty is compounded, we show, by the complexity of facilitating children’s participation in the hierarchical setting of the school.