Equal Rights Research Articles

Concept and Implementation Model Multicultural Islamic Education FKUB Balikpapan City in Developing a Tolerant Attitude

In Balikpapan City as a city whose level of diversity is so complex, it cannot be separated from social problems that can lead to social disintegration. The preventive action taken by the Balikpapan City Government is to build a partnership between the Balikpapan City Religious Ummah Communication Forum (FKUB). The Balikpapan City Government's step in starting with FKUB is a strategic step in strengthening multicultural values to anticipate the disintegration of socialization. The review of this paper is based on the results of research with a qualitative descriptive approach to the phenomena and facts that occur at the research locus. Using this type of phenomenology, the author reveals the concepts built and models implemented about the values of multicultural Islamic education in Balikpapan City. The existence of the term multicultural as a social term that views cultural equality, then multicultural value in the context of Islamic teachings is the concept of social ethics in covering cultural diversity according to the views of Islamic teachings. The values developed and most crucial are: Silaturrahim, please help, equality and equal rights, justice and care. In instilling Islamic education values, the models and multicultural approaches carried out by FKUB Balikpapan City are: a. Interreligious Dialogue Model, b. Social Action Model, c. Empowerment and Engagement of Social Resources Model 1. In developing the tolerant attitude of the people of Balikpapan City, FKUB takes a role by instilling and strengthening the values of multicultural Islamic education. 2. The values of multicultural Islamic education become crucial values in a society with such a complex level of plurality as in Balikpapan City. 3. In instilling and strengthening the values of Islamic education, the multicultural model carried out by FKUB Balikpapan City is the Interfaith Dialogue Model, Social Action Model, Empowerment Model and Social Resource Involvement.

APPLICATION CITIZEN’S CHARTER IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF POLRI PUBLIC SERVICES

Improving the quality of service requires support from all groups, including the integrity and commitment of the Police leadership and service officers as well as the community's commitment not to commit deviations in accordance with the Citizen's Charter (service contract) which has been formulated and established as a guideline for the implementation of Polri's public services. The public must always prioritize equal rights and justice regarding these services so that improvements in the quality of Polri's public services in the future can be achieved effectively and efficiently by achieving good governance which is characterized by clean governance. This is in accordance with the general principles of state administration (the general principle of organizational state) which consist of legal certainty, orderly state administration, public interest, openness, proportionality, professionalism and accountability.

평등권 침해 여부의 3단계 심사 체계

평등권 침해 여부의 3단계 심사 체계

Pembebasan Kaum Perempuan dalam Tradisi Pendidikan Islam: Analisis Historis dan Kontemporer

This research explores complex issues related to Islamic education, social transformation, and gender inequality in society. The method used in this study is the literature review method, which is data collection by identifying relevant literature and then analyzed. The results of this research found that Islamic education not only contains religious aspects, but also reflects long socio-cultural dynamics. Problems such as slavery, colonialism, and power hegemony also influenced the complexity of Islamic education, with acculturation of values extending to various parts of the world. In addition, various views on the backwardness of women from the Structural Functionalism school to Marxist and Socialist feminism provide diverse insights. The importance of critical reflection on the values and practices of Islamic education is also highlighted in creating an inclusive society that supports gender equality. Although the concept of equality between women and men exists in Islam, social reality often does not reflect it, with strict social restrictions, especially regarding the role of women in society. However, views such as those expressed by Mernissi and Islamic historians show that women have equal rights and potential, prompting the need for a review of religious interpretations to create a more inclusive understanding and support gender equality. Keywords : Education, Women, Gender

How Being Outvoted by AI Teammates Impacts Human-AI Collaboration

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) enable AI agents to go beyond simply supporting human activities and, instead, take more control in team decision-making. While significant literature has studied human-AI collaboration through the lens of AI as a “second opinion system,” this type of interaction is not fully representative of many human-human team collaboration scenarios, such as scenarios where each decision maker is granted equal voting rights for the team decision. In this research, we explore how imparting AI agents with equal voting rights to the human impacts human-AI decision-making and team performance. Using a human subjects experiment in which participants collaborate with two AI teammates for truss structure (aka, bridge) design, we manipulate a series of voting scenarios (e.g., AI agents outvoting the human vs. AI agents agreeing with the human) and AI performance levels (high vs. low performing). The results indicate that changes in human self-confidence are not consistent with whether the quality of the final team-voted design action is advantageous or disadvantageous relative to their own actions. The results also show that when humans are outvoted by their AI teammates, they do not show strong negative emotional reactions if the team-voted decision has an advantageous outcome. Additionally, AI performance significantly influences the human-AI team decision-making process and even one low-performing AI (i.e., an AI that is frequently incorrect) on the team can significantly deteriorate team performance. Taken together, this research provides empirical evidence on the effects of AI voting with equal decision authority on human-AI collaboration, as well as valuable insights supporting real-world applications of human-AI collaboration via voting.

국제인권규범을 중심으로 한 젠더 기반 폭력(Gender-Based Violence)에 관한 연구

Gender-Based Violence against women is one of the most prevalent problems in most countries around the world. The issue of gender-based violence against women is related to the principle of constitutional equality, which guarantees equal rights for men and women, and the principle of non-discrimination, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender. In particular, violence against women can be considered gender-based violence because it is often caused by structural discrimination that goes beyond the usual criminal case. The case analyzed in this paper, P. and S. v. Poland, decided by the European Court of Human Rights in 2012, is significant because it is a relatively recent decision that addresses constitutional issues related to gender-based violence: the right to abortion, the prohibition of torture, the right to liberty, the right to respect for private and family life, the right to a fair-trial, the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, and the principle of non-discrimination. The ECtHR found that the State's actions in relation to the applicant P. in this case fell short of the minimum measures required by Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and that she had been subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment. It also found that the deprivation of liberty by separating her from her parents and placing her in an institution was incompatible with Article 5 § 1 of the ECHR. The ECtHR also found that information concerning the sensitive private life of P. and her mother S. had been disclosed and that this disclosure could not be legally justified, thus concluding that Poland had violated Article 8 of the ECHR, as alleged by the applicants. However, no finding was made as to whether P. and S.'s negative freedom of religion could have been substantially violated in this case. In conclusion, it can be seen that, despite various efforts, the obligations to protect women from violence in family and social life are not adequately fulfilled by law. This is not a problem unique to Poland. In many countries, there is still a gap between traditional values and laws. It is hoped that this ruling will bring about a shift in the perception of gender-based violence.

Students and Teachers Perception About Gender Equality and Human Rights in English Textbook (Pakistan)

Although earlier research highlighted the gender representations in ELT textbooks, it did not address how students and teachers view gender equality and the representation of human rights. This study, therefore, is designed to understand English language students' and teachers' perceptions about the inclusion of themes of gender equality and human rights in the English textbook of the 10th grade of the Punjab textbook board. Students' views were probed by means of a survey, and an interview was used to collect data from teachers. The findings revealed that a significant majority of the students believe that topics related to the role of women and the rights and responsibilities of citizens should be included in English textbooks. They also recommended to include topics related to gender equality and human rights in the textbooks. Some of the students agreed that topics related to famous women and male leaders, showing different familial relations of men and women, and both performing outdoor tasks are present in English in the main content, activities, and in the form of images. However, they were either unable to provide any names of the units containing these topics or provided the names of the units from the 9th-grade textbook. Similarly, most of the teachers mentioned that representation of women is limited in the English textbook of 9th grade and the presence of women and their social roles are completely ignored in the 10th-grade textbook. Teachers argued that it is essential to talk about the role of women in the textbook to encourage women's participation, acknowledge their achievements, and promote equality and respect towards women.

Feasibility Analysis of Higher Education Popularization for Chinese Special Education Groups---Taking Physically Disabled Students as an Example

Based on the analysis of the current situation of special education for people with disabilities in China, it is found that the compulsory education popularization of the Chinese special education group is relatively high, but the higher education popularization for people with disabilities needs to be improved. Improving the popularization of higher education for special groups can improve China's educational environment and also maintain social harmony. This article mainly analyzes the feasibility of popularizing higher education for special education groups in China. The study found that China is paying more attention to vocational education for special education groups, aiming to equip them with skills and serve society. However, at present, insufficient attention is paid to education at the higher education level, and there is a lack of relevant policy guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that government departments should formulate clear and comprehensive regulations and policies to ensure the equal rights and interests of disabled students in higher education. At the same time, it is also necessary to increase investment in funds, improve the construction of basic education facilities in universities, and provide auxiliary facilities for students with physical disabilities. The training of university teachers should be strengthened, and more attention should be paid to the overall development of disabled students. Psychological education, quality education, and curriculum teaching should all be strengthened.

Spiritualitas Sosial Yang Bersumber dari Kristus

As time goes by, human life requires effective and efficient spiritual practices. In Christ's teachings, love is the main value that must be applied in social relationships. This love includes understanding, empathy, and concern for others. Christ also taught the importance of forgiveness, both giving and receiving forgiveness, to repair broken relationships. Apart from that, the value of loyalty is also emphasized in Christ's teachings. This loyalty involves a commitment to mutual support and maintaining strong relationships. Christ also taught the importance of brotherhood, where all people are considered brothers and sisters in the faith, regardless of social or cultural differences. Social justice is also an important part of Christ's teachings. Christ taught us to be fair in treating others and to give equal rights to all people, regardless of their background or social status.

STRATEGIES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PROMOTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION TO MEET DIVERSE LEARNING NEEDS

The article deals with an important aspect of implementing inclusive education strategies. The purpose of the article is to highlight the issue of implementing inclusive education in the modern educational environment. The authors reveal the main aspects and benefits of inclusive education for persons with special needs. One of the key topics of the article is the consideration of strategies aimed at rethinking the attitude of society and the state to this problem. Today, society recognises the equal rights of person with special needs and provides them with equal opportunities in all areas of life, including education. The authors analyse the essence of inclusive education, which is the creation of conditions for the education and upbringing of children with special needs in joint groups. An important aspect of inclusive education is an individual approach to each child, regardless of their physiological, mental, social or other characteristics. Inclusive education creates an opportunity for a child to become an equal member of society and reduces the risks of isolation and segregation. Further research should be aimed at finding optimal strategies for implementing inclusive education to meet the tension between the needs of integration of persons with disabilities and the demand of society for quality education.

Gender stereotypes in Ukrainian advertising texts

Gender discrimination is an urgent problem that affects various aspects of public life, including advertising. In the context of Ukrainian reality, where transformations and changes are taking place, it is important to identify and understand the presence of gender stereotypes and discriminatory practices in advertising. The purpose of the study is to identify signs of gender discrimination in Ukrainian advertising and develop proposals to overcome it. Methods: analysis, generalisation, systematisation, synthesis. The results of a study of gender discrimination in Ukrainian advertising texts indicate the prevalence of gender stereotypes reflected in advertising campaigns. The study also suggests ways to identify gender discrimination in advertising texts, such as analysing roles, images, language use, and stereotypes. However, now in Ukrainian advertising there is a tendency to rethink views on the advertising product. As a result of the study, the main strategies for overcoming gender discrimination were formed, which included expanding roles, using positive stereotypes, emancipation, cooperation with gender organisations, including self-regulation of the advertising industry, and education to raise public awareness. As a result of the study of gender stereotypes, it was established that modern advertisers tend to understand the importance of building a tolerant and fair society and creating advertising content that positively affects the perception of gender roles and contributes to the development of equal rights for women and men. The results of the study can be useful for advertising agencies, creative teams, and marketers working on creating non-stereotypical advertising campaigns.

Indirect Discrimination and the Hospital Relocation Cases

ABSTRACTThis article develops a theory of indirect discrimination by analyzing a series of lawsuits that challenged hospital relocations in the 1970s. In these cases, civil rights groups argued that the relocation of hospitals from cities to suburbs was a form of racial discrimination. Although these lawsuits failed, I aim to support the plaintiffs' arguments that the hospital relocations were discriminatory. Drawing on three recent theories – those of Benjamin Eidelson, Deborah Hellman, and Sophia Moreau – I develop an account of indirect discrimination that is rooted in resource‐specific equality rights such as those found in international human rights law. Building on this account, I argue that the human right to health equity can explain why the hospital relocations were discriminatory.

Self-initiated protection behavior based on Magna Carta of women: Women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace

The problem of violence in the workplace continues to expand and it casts a shadow on organizational environments all around the world. This phenomenon extends to different fields or sectors and is pervasive throughout a wide range of job environments, such as those in the healthcare industry, educational institutions, local and informal economies, and service industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actions of working women when their rights had been/will be violated. This quantitative study was conducted in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines among women in academe (n=121) and health institutions (n=39), and women of minimum-wage earners (n=42). Findings indicated that working women in the region tend to seek information outside their organizations when violence will happen; they also seek information when their rights once were violated. In some instances, they would only file a complaint when they feel discriminated against and when equal rights in the workplace are not well implemented. Notably, minimum-wage earners and health workers are more likely to file a complaint than teachers. The findings resonate with broader societal patterns wherein hesitancy to report workplace violations are deeply embedded. Such behaviors perpetuate gender-based violence and hinder the development of gender-sensitive and conducive workplaces. To deconstruct the gender and development (GAD) limitations, interventions need to extend beyond the present organizational policies to instill a culture of empowerment and safety for all individuals, fostering an environment conducive to open discussions, proactive conflict resolution mechanisms, and reliable report systems.

Mengenali Potensi Dan Pengalaman Karir Individu Para Disabilitas

In the midst of job competition between countries in Asia, people with disabilities must also fight for their place in the job market. People with disabilities, who may face physical, mental, intellectual, motor and sensory barriers, face the additional challenge of finding employment commensurate with their abilities and barriers. Although the Indonesian government has made efforts to provide equal rights to people with disabilities through laws and policies, many challenges remain. Many people with disabilities are forced to work in the informal sector with low wages, and low participation. Therefore, research on the career prospects and experiences of individuals with disabilities is important in identifying the obstacles faced and exploring solutions that can improve disability inclusion in the world of work. Literature studies can provide valuable insights into the potential and problems experienced by people with disabilities in finding and maintaining employment, and provide a basis for the development of more inclusive policies and more effective support. By encouraging better accessibility and providing appropriate support services, communities and governments can help people with disabilities develop their potential and achieve success in their careers, while ensuring that work environments become more inclusive for all individuals, regardless of background or physical condition.

Measuring and explaining political tolerance among adolescents: insights from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study2016

BackgroundTolerance is a prerequisite for deliberative democracies. Therefore, fostering tolerance is an important task for educational systems in democracies. In the present study, the concepts of social and political tolerance were disentangled and applied to the measurement approaches of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016 (ICCS 2016). A single scale of political tolerance was proposed by identifying items on equal rights of women and men, different racial and ethnic groups and immigrants that capture the support of equal political rights. Previous research indicates different approaches that might be used to foster tolerance in schools.MethodsThis study used the rarely applied alignment method to identify a political tolerance scale that was sufficiently invariant in the 15 participating European educational systems. The alignment method identifies solutions with minimal amounts of non-invariance. Multilevel regression analyses are used to identify which aspects of schooling are predictive of political tolerance at the student and at the school level.ResultsThe alignment analyses revealed a sufficiently invariant solution for the 15 education systems that could be used in regression analyses. While cognitive learning showed only a weak relationship with political tolerance, teacher fairness was relevant at student and school level. An open classroom climate was a positive predictor with relevant strength only at school level. Further multigroup analyses indicated that the results at the student level were stable between countries, while school level indicators varied more strongly between countries.ConclusionsResearchers need to acknowledge the conceptual differences between social and political tolerance in their measurement approaches. The alignment method can be useful to create scales that are comparable between many different educational systems. While educational systems differ strongly in their school level variance of political tolerance, teachers can play an important role in fostering political tolerance at the student level.

Portrayal of Social Oppression and Adjectives illustration in Character of Bakha in Untouchable

Indian caste system is hot cake to be discussed globally and has become source of endless speculation for the researchers. Caste system and status co. has become a social evil that portrays the tribulations and tortures of marginalized unprivileged people. A society where social class and caste were pervasive, this study reflects the powerlessness of Bakha who aspired to be an Englishman to get recognition, preserve dignity and to earn an identity as a human. Objective s of present study is to highlight those adjectives indited Mulk Raj Anand in portraying the character sketch of Bakha. The social effect of book is analyzed using Van Djik theory of cognitive approach with a focus on the character of Bakha.This novel depicits the social concern that is analyzed by the van djik theoretical application by close reading of text and purposively sampling of the text relevant to Bakha socially, culturally and economically marginalized. They are common victims and suppressive as they do not have the economic and political power to fight back the upper-class people’s supremacy. They are not able get the voice to speak out their condition and portray themselves before the world. These subalterns have very few chances to change their fate in society which is measured by the upper class and closes the options like consciousness, education and equal rights to raise their status.

Exploring the Experiences of Regional and Rural Revictimized Women in a Group Empowerment Program

ABSTRACT Sexual revictimization can have a negative impact on many facets of women’s wellbeing, yet limited evidence exists regarding specific interventions that support healing and the reduction of further revictimization. This paper will explore regional and rural women’s experience of a group-based empowerment program, the Shark Cage program, in Victoria, Australia. The “Shark Cage” program aims to address revictimization by empowering women and girls to build personal boundaries and assertiveness within the context of gender equality and human rights. Data were collected via participant observations across the 8-week program, in combination with semi-structured interviews with participants (N = 11) pre and post intervention. All participants had access to therapeutic support outside of the program. Findings indicate that the program fostered connections among women with shared experiences of sexual revictimization, reducing feelings of isolation. Participants detailed the benefit of developing and practicing skills in reducing revictimization, such as assertiveness and boundary setting. Program learning and recovery was embedded within a network of embodied emotions, social connections, cultural norms and place-based relations that influenced how participants recovery could be understood, processed and addressed.

New Liberalisms for the Masses: Ontological Aristocratism and Equal Rights in José Ortega y Gasset’s La rebelión de las masas (1930) and María Zambrano’s Horizonte del liberalismo (1930)

In view of the importance of mass movements and the sociopolitical crises in the early twentieth century, this article offers close readings of the liberalisms proposed in La rebelión de las masas and Horizonte del liberalismo. Ortega posits an ontological differentiation between masas and minorías excelentes based on the notion of “effort,” allowing individuals not belonging to hereditary aristocracies to ideologically appropriate aristocratic prestige. By contrast, Zambrano emphasizes the power of reform invested in the liberal subject. Although they assess the equality of rights divergently, both philosophers coincide in situating aristocratism at the core of liberalism.

Women as an Active Agent of Food Security-Issues and Challenges

Achieving food security and eliminating hunger and poverty within 2030 as aimed in Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) necessitates the active role of women, which constitutes 48.41% (Census,2022) of the total population of India. The role of this active agent of society is undermined by prevailing gender discrimination and inequalities. In this backdrop, the present study is designed as follows- Purpose: (i) To analyse the critical role of women in achieving food security (ii) To identify the constraints of gender equality and (iii) To generate priority interventions for gender equality and women empowerment. Methodology: In this secondary analysis of cross-sectional data, we used data from different international and national reports like NFHS, Agricultural Census Reports, reports of FAO and UNDP etc. The critical role of women is analysed with the help of available descriptive statistics. Results: The existing 16.3% of undernourished people in India (Global Food Insecurity Index,2022) invariably necessitates empowering women with equal rights and opportunities as men. There is a need for proactive interventions to minimize the 48% empowerment deficit (Women Empowerment Index) and 44% (GGPI) gender gap in the country. Limitations: The women groups considered in different research and reports vary in age groups, which limits the comparison of data. Originality: The constraints women face in attaining food security are based on their functions as producers, consumers and distributors of the food chain, expected to provide a basis for further research in this regard.

The role of the European Union in third-country immigrant integration

This paper investigates the effectiveness of current approach to third-country immigrant integration in Europe and assesses the potential for increased EU involvement in shaping integration strategies. Analysing disparities in immigrants' treatment and rights across EU member states, the paper reveals barriers to achieving successful integration and equal rights. The paper contemplates the complex interplay between integration, national sovereignty, and rising nationalism, necessitating careful consideration in any proposed EU intervention. Ultimately, the paper underscores the importance of a comprehensive two-way approach to integration, grounded in respect and empathy, highlighting the potential for EU involvement to address systemic challenges and foster a more inclusive European society.