Equal Magnitude Research Articles

Does the contribution of the paretic hand to bimanual tasks change with grip strength capacity following stroke?

IntroductionThe majority of tasks we perform every day require coordinated use of both hands. Following a stroke, the paretic hand contribution to bimanual tasks is often impaired, leading to asymmetric hand use. Grip strength is a commonly used clinical indicator of progress towards stroke motor recovery. The extent to which the paretic hand's contribution to bimanual tasks improves with increasing grip strength is not known. The purpose of this study is to determine how grip strength capacity of the paretic hand influences its contribution to bimanual tasks. MethodsTwenty-one chronic stroke participants and ten older control participants volunteered to take part in this study. The individuals with stroke were recruited in two distinct groups based on the grip strength capacity of paretic hand, i.e., paretic hand strength/non-paretic hand strength, expressed as a percentage. The low strength-capacity group was identified as individuals with grip strength capacity less than 60% and the high strength-capacity group was individuals with grip strength capacity greater than or equal to 60%. All groups performed isometric, grip force contractions in two bimanual tasks – a maximum force production (MVC) task and a submaximal force control task. We quantified the magnitude of force contributed by the paretic and non-paretic hands during both tasks. Additionally, in the force control task we quantified the amount and structure of force variability using coefficient of variation (CV) and approximate entropy (ApEn) for both hands. ResultsThe amount of force contributed by the paretic hand increased in bimanual tasks with an increase in its grip strength capacity, (maximal force production: r = 0.85, p < 0.01; submaximal force control: r = 0.62, p < 0.01). In the bimanual MVC task and bimanual force control task, both hands contributed equal magnitudes of force in the high strength-capacity group but unequal forces in low strength-capacity group. Surprisingly, the amount and structure of force variability in bimanual force control tasks did not change with the increase in grip strength capacity, (CV of force: r = - 0.07, p = 0.77; ApEn: r = - 0.23, p = 0.31). Both low and high strength-capacity stroke groups showed significantly higher CV of force and heightened ApEn compared with the control group. ConclusionWith the increase in grip strength capacity, the paretic hand contributes greater magnitude of force but continues to show persistent deficits in force modulation in bimanual tasks. Therefore, stroke rehabilitation should emphasize retraining of the paretic hand for force modulation to maximize its use in bimanual tasks.

How similar was the 1983Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake rupture to its surface-faulting predecessors along the northern Lost River fault zone (Idaho, USA)?

AbstractWe excavated trenches at two paleoseismic sites bounding a trans-basin bedrock ridge (the Willow Creek Hills) along the northern Lost River fault zone to explore the uniqueness of the 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak earthquake compared to its prehistoric predecessors. At the Sheep Creek site on the southernmost Warm Springs section, two earthquakes occurred at 9.8–14.0 ka (95% confidence) and 6.5–7.1 ka; each had ~1.9 m of vertical displacement. About 4 km to the southeast, across the Willow Creek Hills, two ruptures at the Arentson Gulch site on the northernmost Thousand Springs section occurred at 9.0–14.7 ka and 6.1–7.5 ka with ~1.9 m of vertical displacement each. We synthesize these and previous paleoseismic results into a model of five postglacial (&amp;lt;15 ka) ruptures along a ~65 km reach of the northern Lost River fault zone. Our results show that the Borah Peak earthquake (34 km; 0.9 m mean displacement) was unique compared to previous ruptures that had both longer and shorter rupture lengths (~25–38 km), more displacement (mean of ~1.3–1.4 m), and equal or greater magnitude (Mw 6.9–7.1) than that in the 1983 earthquake. These ruptures support a hypothesis of variable rupture length and displacement on the northern Lost River fault zone and show that predecessors to the 1983 rupture have passed unimpeded through the Willow Creek Hills. Our work demonstrates that normal faults are capable of producing variable spatial-temporal patterns of rupture that, together with comparisons of fault geometry and historical rupture length, improve our understanding of fault segmentation and help inform models of earthquake rupture probability.

Design of circularly polarized flat‐top pattern with phase gradient metasurface

This article presents a metasurface (MTS) for designing a circular polarized (CP) flat-top radiation pattern using the phase compensation method. The basic idea is to generate multiple beams pointing in different directions by dividing the entire MTS into sub-regions. The MTS consists of four-layered elliptical patches encircled in a square loop printed on three dielectric substrates. The asymmetric nature of the unitcell produces two orthogonal components with equal magnitude and 90° phase difference to obtain the required linear to circular polarization conversion. The proposed MTS consists of 15 × 15 unitcells, and is fed by a rectangular patch antenna operating at 10 GHz. The flat-top pattern has been observed in the 3-D plane for u,v-polarized wave incidences at 9.9 GHz. For u-polarized incidence wave results in left-hand circular polarized (LHCP) flat-top radiation pattern with a 1 dB beamwidth of 37.5°. The axial ratio is less than 3 dB in all planes within the 1-dB beamwidth at 9.9 GHz. Similarly, for v-polarized incident wave, identical characteristics have been observed for right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), which enables the proposed structure for polarization diversity.

Mental Health Across the Life Course for Men and Women in Married, Cohabiting, and Living Apart Together Relationships

This study examines the underexplored relationship between union type and mental health for married, cohabiting, and living apart together (“LAT”) individuals. Further, we assess whether gender and age moderate (separately and jointly) this relationship. Using data from Wave 1 of the Generations and Gender Survey ( N = 34,833), results suggest that cohabitors and LATs have worse mental health than married individuals. The negative effects of cohabiting or living apart on mental health are stronger for women than men. Young and middle-aged female LATs (to an equal magnitude) have worse mental health than married women of the same ages, while there are no such differences among older women. Middle-aged and older male LATs have worse mental health than married men of the same ages (with the larger effect found for middle-aged men), but there are no such differences among younger men. Thus, we highlight previously undocumented gender and life course dynamics of union type and mental health.

LRFN5 locus structure is associated with autism and influenced by the sex of the individual and locus conversions.

LRFN5 is a regulator of synaptic development and the only gene in a 5.4 Mb mammalian‐specific conserved topologically associating domain (TAD); the LRFN5 locus. An association between locus structural changes and developmental delay (DD) and/or autism was suggested by several cases in DECIPHER and own records. More significantly, we found that maternal inheritance of a specific LRFN5 locus haplotype segregated with an identical type of autism in distantly related males. This autism‐susceptibility haplotype had a specific TAD pattern. We also found a male/female quantitative difference in the amount histone‐3‐lysine‐9‐associated chromatin around the LRFN5 gene itself (p < 0.01), possibly related to the male‐restricted autism susceptibility. To better understand locus behavior, the prevalence of a 60 kb deletion polymorphism was investigated. Surprisingly, in three cohorts of individuals with DD (n = 8757), the number of deletion heterozygotes was 20%–26% lower than expected from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. This suggests allelic interaction, also because the conversions from heterozygosity to wild‐type or deletion homozygosity were of equal magnitudes. Remarkably, in a control group of medical students (n = 1416), such conversions were three times more common (p = 0.00001), suggesting a regulatory role of this allelic interaction. Taken together, LRFN5 regulation appears unusually complex, and LRFN5 dysregulation could be an epigenetic cause of autism.Lay SummaryLRFN5 is involved with communication between brain cells. The gene sits alone in a huge genomic niche, called the LRFN5 locus, of complex structure and high mammalian conservation. We have found that a specific locus structure increases autism susceptibility in males, but we do not yet know how common this epigenetic cause of autism is. It is, however, a cause that potentially could explain why higher‐functioning autism is more common in males than females.

Thiol‐Ene Polymerization of Natural Monomers: A DFT Study

AbstractThis study investigates the thiol‐ene reaction mechanism of natural monomers using quantum chemical tools. The structure‐reactivity relationship for these monomers is elaborated by the aid of radical stabilization energies (RSEs), intermolecular interactions, the curve‐crossing model, Hammond Postulate, and Evans–Polanyi relationships. Geometry optimizations, frequency, and energy calculations are performed at the M06‐2X/6‐31++G(d,p) level of theory. A crucial parameter for thiol‐ene polymerization, which is the ratio of the propagation reaction (kp) and the chain transfer reaction (kct) rate constants (kp/kct), is calculated in order to elucidate the thiol‐ene reaction mechanism. In light of these energetic and kinetic calculations, it is suggested that linalool, d‐limonene, terpinolene, and γ‐terpinene are considered natural monomer candidates for thiol‐ene polymerization due to their almost equal magnitude of the rate constants (kp/kct≈1). The thiol‐ene polymerization potential of some specific unsaturated fatty acids is another prominent finding in this study.

The displacement simulation for cracked earth structure with different geometry

The strength of the material and safe economical design are important from the design point of the view in all branches of engineering. In many regions, the geographical characteristics of territory play important role in the design geometry of the backfill. In addition, using clayey soil to construct backfill results to have a crack in the cracked zone of the backfill. In the present study, the geometry of two different clayey soil backfill was investigated. The main aim of this study is for understanding the impact of the geometry of the model on the nonlinear displacement of the clayey soil backfill when the seismic load with equal magnitude is applied on the modelled clayey soil backfill. The results illustrate the seismic response and nonlinear displacement of the clayey soil backfill were modified by changing the geometry of the model. In point of view, to construct clayey soil backfill in a site needs to use different soil in constructing each clayey soil backfill concerning the geometry of the model. The novelty of this work introduces the concept of strength of the material association with the crack and geometry of the model in seismic design of the clayey soil backfill, considering the nonlinear displacement of the model in loading and reloading stages. Moreover, illustration of the nonlinear strain and nonlinear displacement of the model. The outcome of this investigation importantly explains the impact of model geometry in the cracks interaction, distribution of the displacement of the model, and displacement magnitude.

Earthquake behavior in Sumatra territory based on time and distance between consecutive large event

The purpose of this study is to understand the behavior of earthquakes with a specific magnitude (M) in the Sumatra territory based on their duration of time and the distance between two earthquakes that happen consecutively. We explore 1,641 data sets of duration and distances with a specific magnitude that were generated from 458 earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 during 2009-2017. This study revealed that the occurrence of the later (second) earthquake at any location (referred to in this paper as a recurring earthquake) with a bigger or equal magnitude as the previous one depends on duration especially for magnitude under 5.8. The comparison analyses showed that the recurring earthquake events tended to have similar average distances. However, the length of time between two earthquakes is different for lower magnitudes (under 6.0), whereas between an earthquake and a recurring earthquake with a magnitude above 6.0, the length of time tends to be similar.

Experimental Study for Separated Flow Control around Rotor Blades Using Highly Integrated Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator

Highly integrated dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators can be driven with a voltage one order of magnitude lower than that of conventional plasma actuators by properly arranging multiple electrodes, and can generate induced flow velocities of equal or greater magnitude. In addition, it is possible to control the large scale separation that occurs around the wings of aircraft and other devices, and thus to improve aerodynamic characteristics. In this study, a highly integrated DBD plasma actuator with multiple 20 electrodes was fabricated and applied to the wing surface to control the airflow from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA4412 airfoil were experimentally investigated. When the highly integrated DBD plasma actuator was driven, the lift coefficient was found to be improved compared to that with a conventional plasma actuator.

An investigation of -symmetry breaking in tight-binding chains

We consider non-Hermitian -symmetric tight-binding chains where gain/loss optical potentials of equal magnitudes ±iγ are arbitrarily distributed over all sites. The main focus is on the threshold γ c beyond which -symmetry is broken. This threshold generically falls off as a power of the chain length, whose exponent depends on the configuration of optical potentials, ranging between 1 (for balanced periodic chains) and 2 (for unbalanced periodic chains, where each half of the chain experiences a non-zero mean potential). For random sequences of optical potentials with zero average and finite variance, the threshold is itself a random variable, whose mean value decays with exponent 3/2 and whose fluctuations have a universal distribution. The chains yielding the most robust -symmetric phase, i.e. the highest threshold at fixed chain length, are obtained by exact enumeration up to 48 sites. This optimal threshold exhibits an irregular dependence on the chain length, presumably decaying asymptotically with exponent 1, up to logarithmic corrections.

Constructing Collective Signature Schemes Using Problem of Finding Roots Modulo

Digital signature schemes are often built based on the difficulty of the discrete logarithm problems, of the problem of factor analysis, of the problem of finding the roots modulo of large primes or a combination of the difficult problems mentioned above. In this paper, we use the new difficult problem, which is to find the root in the finite ground field to build representative collective signature schemes, but the chosen modulo p has a special structure distinct , where is an even number and are prime numbers of equal magnitude, about . The characteristics of the proposed scheme are: i) The private key of each signer consists of 2 components (), randomly selected, but the public key has only one component () calculated by the formula and ; and ii) The generated signature consists of a set of 3 components (2). We use the technique of hiding the signer's public key Y, which is the coefficient λ generated by the group nanager, in the process of forming the group signature and representative collective signature to enhance the privacy of all members of the signing collective.

Profitability of Gliricidia-Maize System in Selected Dryland Areas of Dodoma Region, Tanzania

Declining soil fertility and climatic extremes are among major problems for agricultural production in most dryland agro-ecologies of sub-Saharan Africa. In response, the agroforestry technology intercropping of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.)) and Maize (Zea mays L.) was developed to complement conventional soil fertility management technologies. However, diversified information on the profitability of Gliricidia-Maize intercropping system in dryland areas is scanty. Using data from the Gliricidia and maize models of the Next Generation version of the Agriculture Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM), this study estimates the profitability of the Gliricidia-Maize system relative to an unfertilized sole maize system. Results show significant heterogeneity in profitability indicators both in absolute and relative economic terms. Aggregated over a 20-year cycle, Gliricidia-Maize intercropping exhibited a higher Net Present Value (NPV = Tsh 19,238,798.43) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR = 4.27) than the unfertilized sole maize system. The NPV and BCR of the latter were Tsh 10,934,669.90 and 3.59, respectively. Moreover, the returns to labour per person day in the Gliricidia-Maize system was 1.5 times those of the unfertilized sole maize system. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the profitability of the Gliricidia-Maize system is more negatively affected by the decrease in output prices than the increase in input prices. A 30% decrease in the former leads to a decrease in NPV and BCR by 38% and 30%, respectively. Despite the higher initial costs of the agroforestry establishment, the 30% increase in input prices affects more disproportionally unfertilized sole maize than the Gliricidia-Maize system in absolute economic terms, i.e., 11.1% versus 8.8% decrease in NPV. In relative economic terms, an equal magnitude of change in input prices exerts the same effect on the unfertilized sole maize and the Gliricidia-maize systems. This result implies that the monetary benefits accrued after the first year of agroforestry establishment offset the initial investment costs. The Gliricidia-Maize intercropping technology therefore is profitable with time, and it can contribute to increased household income and food security. Helping farmers to overcome initial investment costs and manage agroforestry technologies well to generate additional benefits is critical for the successful scaling of the Gliricidia-Maize intercropping technology in dryland areas of Dodoma, Tanzania.

Method of calculating the distortion coefficient sinusoidality of the voltage curve created by three-phase straight lines

The existing calculation methods in various sources represent rectifier installations as sources of higher harmonics. In this case, the current value of the primary winding of the transformer in the form of rectangles is decomposed into a Fourier series and harmonic components of the current are obtained, except for the main harmonic higher 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 The amplitudes of the current of the higher harmonics are multiplied by the inductive resistances of the supply network corresponding to the frequencies, the results are squared and summed up. Obviously, all terms are of equal magnitude, since with an increase in the harmonic number, its amplitude decreases by n times compared to the first harmonic, while the frequency and inductive resistance increase by the same number of times. The non-sinusoidal coefficient Ku is defined as the ratio of the square root of the sum to the magnitude of the phase voltage. The disadvantage of determining Ku is some arbitrariness in the number of harmonics taken into account. If we take, for example, 9 harmonics, we get Ku = 7.22%, if 4 harmonics, then Ku = 4.81%. When the current of the primary winding of the transformer flows, the voltage amplitude on the substation tires decreases by only 1.9 V. At the same time, the coefficient of non-sinusoidality cannot be equal to 7.22%. In all literature sources, when calculating current harmonics, there are no recommendations for which harmonic numbers should be installed at the substation resonant filters. It is no coincidence that in the new GOST-2013, the value of the distortion coefficient of the sinusoidal voltage curve K(U is calculated as a percentage as a result of the i-th observation according to the formula, (that is, no calculation is made by current harmonics). In this paper, another approach is made to determine the distortion coefficient of the sinusoidal voltage curve. Rectifier installations are not sources of harmonics, but are electrical receivers with a nonlinear characteristic of electric current consumption, while the shape of the sinusoid curve of the supply voltage is distorted. This distorted sine wave is the source of the higher harmonics, which in this paper is decomposed into a Fourier series, while the calculation of the integral functions of the coefficients of the Fourier series is performed in the Mathcad program. The solution is made for three rectifier circuits. Harmonics for the installation of resonant filters are determined. As a result, a developed method is proposed for calculating the higher voltage harmonics and determining the distortion coefficient of the sinusoidal voltage curve based on the Fourier series expansion of the distorted voltage sine curve during operation of three-phase uncontrolled rectifiers.

Anti-parity-time topologically undefined state

Researches on the topological edge state in the photonic lattice are attracting considerable attention. Here, we report the studies on a particular state for which the topological invariant is undefined. We constructed an anti-parity-time-symmetric photonic lattice by using the perturbation method. Light distributes only in the wide waveguides with equal magnitude for the state with undefined winding numbers. Further studies show that the equal intensity transmission is unaffected except for the defect site. Our work provides a new way to study the topological state and the equally divided light transmission and might be applicable in optical circuits and optical interconnect.

Shared-Aperture 24–28 GHz Waveguide Antenna Array

A compact three-element shared-aperture waveguide antenna array for the 24–28 GHz microwave-frequency band is presented as a proof-of-concept of an array with steerable directional beam suitable for 5G telecommunication systems. The array is intended for use in a microwave photonic link and is sufficiently steerable only with the progressively phased excitation signals of equal magnitudes. The mutual interactions between the array elements are minimized to maintain the properties of the individual elements, even if they are embedded and closely spaced in the array. The proposed concept could be simply extended by adding more elements to further increase the directivity and enhance the steering properties of the array.

Impact of the wake deficit model on wind farm yield: A study of yaw-based control optimization

The exploitation of offshore wind resources is considered to have considerable potential in providing carbon-free energy. To increase the economic viability of wind farms, improvement in power generation is sought by mitigating the wake losses. While the industrial standards still favour turbine-level power maximization, the concept of collaborative yaw-based plant-level control has gained significant attention in recent years. The present work investigates the potential of such a wind farm control strategy employing different wake deficit models, for a range of atmospheric conditions and plant layouts. The utilized wake velocity deficit models are the top-hat Jensen model, the Gaussian-shaped Bastankhah model and its novel extension, termed Gauss–Curl Hybrid model, which accounts for secondary steering effects. The yaw control optimization is conducted on a row of eight NREL 5-MW turbines using the FLORIS modelling utility and the SLSQP optimization algorithm. Generally speaking, the Jensen model shows a lack of robustness and is not recommended for yaw control studies. In contrast, the two Gaussian-shaped models are well handled by the optimization algorithm and produce consistent results. More specifically, the Bastankhah model prefers yaw offsets of nearly equal magnitude throughout the whole wind farm except for the most downstream machine that remains aligned with the freestream. On the other hand, the GCH model suggests a large offset at the most upstream turbine, which is gradually reduced at consecutive machines. For the reference wind farm considered, the total power improvement was 3.59% and 14.66% for the Bastankhah and GCH models, respectively.

Brillouin-assisted frequency-tuning-range-extended and passband-selected microwave photonic filter based on DPol-DPMZM

A frequency-tuning-range-extended and passband-selected microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DPol-DPMZM) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The upper DPMZM is biased to serve as an equivalent phase modulator, while the lower DPMZM is selectively biased to generate different modulated sideband for pump wave, and then different passband frequency response is selectively realized based on the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect. By using the upper and lower sidebands of carrier-suppression single sideband for pump wave successively, the frequency tuning range of the single-passband MPF can be extended by a value of Brillouin frequency shift, comparing with only one sideband is used. A single-passband MPF with a frequency tuning range of 1.43–19.43 GHz is experimentally obtained, while only a single-tone RF with a frequency range of DC-9 GHz is used. The double-passband MPF with equal passband magnitude and frequency interval tuned is also experimentally achieved.

Why and Under What Conditions Does Loss Aversion Emerge?1

AbstractA person's propensity to attribute more weight to a loss than a gain of equal magnitude is known as “loss aversion.” Loss aversion is a component of the prospect theory (which provides a descriptive account of a person's value judgments) and has broad effects in terms of market transactions, intrapersonal decision‐making, and behavioral regulations. Previous studies have considered loss aversion as an omnipresent fundamental psychological bias; however, recent studies have highlighted the limitations of its impact. Accordingly, this paper summarizes the process and boundary conditions of loss aversion in decision‐making under risk, considering four distinct approaches: the absolute magnitude of losses, the bias of attentional allocation, the ranking of losses relative to gains, and the preference for inaction. A comprehensive overview of studies that examined loss aversion from these different perspectives reveals detailed boundary conditions for loss aversion and provides an in‐depth perspective on the mechanism of its occurrence. Based on these findings, specific directions for future loss‐aversion studies are discussed.

A Study on the Blue Coloration of Ao-ike Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan: Formulation of a Physical Model in Terms of Radiance and Image Analyses

The blue coloration model of a closed pond, Ao-ike Pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan, was formulated in terms of radiance by applying a theory of observation devices proposed by Szirmay-Kalos (2008) and Hanaishi’s reverse ray tracing method. In this model, three potential contributions to the coloration were considered; irregular reflection at the Lambertian pond bottom, density fluctuation scattering by water, and Mie scattering by suspended solids. By utilizing model formulas for these mechanisms, some parameters were determined in order to duplicate the images of the pond surface without solar shading by tree leaves above the pond surface, in addition to the images with sunbeam trajectories by solar radiations passing through tree leaves, which are emitted from the water and visible on the surface. Simulating the pictures of the pond surface and the sun-beam-image analyses revealed that the blue colorations of Ao-ike Pond are mainly produced (1) by the density fluctuation scattering of water itself and the white Mie scattering by suspended solids and (2) by the red-light absorption by water in the optical paths before and after the two scatterings. Then, the density fluctuation scattering of water and the Mie scattering by suspended solids exhibited contributions of almost equal magnitude. The contribution of irregular reflections at the pond bottom was judged to be relatively small.

Electrically Small, Low-Q, Wide Beam-Width, Circularly Polarized, Hybrid Magnetic Dipole Antenna for RFID Application

A novel electrically small, wide beamwidth circularly polarized (CP) antenna using two orthogonal smaller hybrid magnetic dipoles (HMDs) for radio frequency identification (RFID) reader application is presented, which achieves a quality factor ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -factor) approaching the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Chu-limit</i> . First, a HMD is implemented by the combination of two single-slit magnetic dipoles (S-MDs) and one dual-slit magnetic dipole (D-MD), which is carefully analyzed by equivalent circuit models and field distribution. Then, by implementing two orthogonal HMDs with slightly size difference and a 45° angle tilted coupling feeding line, two orthogonal magnetic components with equal magnitude and 90° phase difference are obtained, which lead to a CP radiation. Finally, an electrically small CP magnetic dipole antenna with a size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.12\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.12\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.04\,\,\lambda _{0} (ka&lt; 0.55)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at its center frequency) is fabricated and measured. The measurement shows that a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 3.17% (cover 902–928 MHz UHF band well), a half power beamwidth (HPBW) of 104°, and a peak radiation gain of 4.57 dBic are achieved. Generally, it features a small size, wide beamwidth, simple design, and good radiation performance, exhibiting good application potential usage in internet of things (IoTs) systems.