Epithelial Salivary Tumors Research Articles

Lysosomal and cytoskeletal events in epithelial salivary tumours as assessed by imunohistochemistry for CD63 and HSP27

Little attention has been paid to immunohistochemically assessed, lysosomal activities in salivary neoplasia. In an attempt to remedy this, the present investigation applied immunohistochemistry for CD63 antigen (a lysosomal membranous protein) and HSP27 (a molecular chaperone with roles in intracellular homeostasis) to archival paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of 101 benign and malignant, epithelial salivary tumours. Diffuse cytoplasmic CD63 immunoreactivity was seen in serous cells in acinic cell carcinoma, and mucous cells in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Warthin tumour. Apical rims or bands of CD63 immunoreactivity were also seen in simple cells lining tubular structures in PA, acinic cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and polymorphous (low-grade) adenocarcinoma; and, occasionally, oncocytic luminal cells in Warthin tumour. HSP27 immunoreactivity was usually seen in non-luminal cells of PA, basal cells of oncocytic tumours, epidermoid cells of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and PA, and cells outlining aggregates or pseudolumina of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Expression of CD63 is preferentially associated with differentiated or simple luminal cell phenotypes in epithelial salivary tumours and possibly reflects autophagy of secretory granules or absorption of luminal material. Expression of HSP27 is preferentially associated with non-luminal cells and possibly reflects remodelling of the cytoskeleton.

Primary malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors in an Iranian population: A retrospective study of 81 cases.

Background:Salivary gland tumors of epithelial origin are rare lesions. Few epidemiologic studies on prevalence of such condition in Iranian population have been published. This study with the aim of determining the relative frequency of epithelial salivary tumors was performed in Yazd city from 2001 to 2012.Materials and Methods:Cases diagnosed as primary malignant epithelial salivary gland tumor were collected from the Pathology Department of main hospitals and Health Department of Medical Science Yazd University from 2001–2012. Histopathologic type, tumor location, age, gender and whether patients were native or non-native were analyzed.Results:Eighty-one cases of primary malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors were recorded. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3. The most common malignancy was adenoid cystic carcinoma (35.8%) and the most common effected site was the parotid gland. Mean age for malignancy was 52.57 ± 18.25 years.Conclusion:According to the findings of this study, predilection of adenoid cystic carcinoma was more in non-natives as compared to natives (from Yazd). This could suggest the influence of racial and environmental factors on prevalence of such malignancies.

Immunohistochemical localization of WT1 in epithelial salivary tumors

The subcellular localization of WT1 is controversial and has received little attention in the epithelial tumors of salivary glands. Paraffin-embedded, surgical specimens from 80 salivary tumors were investigated by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal, anti-WT1 antibody (6F-H2, Dako). Immunostaining was seen in 14/14 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs), 6/6 myoepitheliomas, 4/4 basal cell adenomas, 4/4 canalicular adenomas, 0/7 Warthin tumors, 0/1 oncocytoma, 1/6 acinic cell carcinomas (Cas), 0/11 mucoepidemoid Cas, 1/11 adenoid cystic Cas, 11/12 polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas (PLGAs), 1/2 Ca ex PA, 0/1 salivary duct Ca and 0/1 clear cell adenocarcinoma. Stained-cell subpopulations up to 90% were not uncommon in the benign tumors. Up to 80% of cells in PLGA could be stained. Staining was weak to intense and confined to the cytoplasm of preferentially non-luminal or adjacent to stroma cells. One adenoid cystic Ca showed nuclear staining. The results suggest that WT1 is often highly expressed in benign non-oncocytic salivary tumors whereas the malignant tumors show decreased expression, the exception being PLGA. The expression is usually cytoplasmic and associated with non-luminal cells. PLGA immunoreactivities could be useful in histological differential diagnosis.

Myoepithelioma of the cerebellopontine angle: a previously not documented benign salivary gland-type neoplasm within the cranium

Myoepithelioma is a dimorphic neoplasm with contractile-epithelial phenotype, originally interpreted as deriving from, but not actually restricted to the salivary glands. As a novel addition to the list of exquisitely rare intracranial salivary gland-type tumors and tumor-like lesions, we report on an example of myoepithelioma encountered in the left cerebellopontine angle of a 32-year-old male. Clinically presenting with ataxia and dizziness, this extraaxial mass of 4 × 3.5 × 3 cm was surgically resected, and the patient is alive 6 years postoperatively. Histologically, the tumor exhibited a continuum ranging from compact fascicles of spindle cells to epithelial nests and trabeculae partitioned by hyalinized septa, while lacking tubular differentiation. Regardless of architectural variations, there was robust immunoexpression of S100 protein, smooth muscle actin, GFAP, cytokeratin, and vimentin. Cytologic atypia tended to be modest throughout, and the MIB1 labeling index averaged less than 1%. Fluorescent in situ hybridization indicated no rearrangement of the EWSR1 locus. We interpret these results to suggest that myoepithelioma of the posterior fossa - along with related salivary epithelial tumors in this ostensibly incongruous locale - may possibly represent analogous neoplasms to their orthotopic counterparts, ones arising within aberrant salivary anlagen. The presence of the latter lends itself to being mechanistically accounted for by either postulating placodal remnants in the wake of branchial arch development, or linking them to exocrine glandular nests within endodermal cysts. Alternatively, myoepithelioma at this site could be regarded as a non tissue-specific lesion similar to its relatives ubiquitously occurring in the soft parts.

Management and treatment of a sialoblastoma of the submandibular gland in a neonate: Report of one case

Abstract Objectives : Report a rare congenital salivary gland tumor and its clinical, radiological and histopathologic aspects. Discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods : A case report is described. A literature review of the incidence, disease course, radiological and histopathologic aspects and treatment are presented. Results : This case report presents a neonate with an asymptomatic left cervical mass. Ultrasounds and MRI showed a circumscribed soft tissue mass measuring 60mm×42mm×52mm and extending from the left parotid region to the left submandibular region, but radiological exams could not lead to a diagnosis. A biopsy demonstrated a sialoblastoma. The treatment consisted in a surgical resection with no adjuvant therapy. One year after surgery there is no clinical nor radiological sign of recurrence. Conclusion : Sialoblastomas are rare congenital epithelial salivary tumors and have been reported to occur predominantly in the parotid gland. They are locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate needing a prolonged follow up. When they are completely resectable, surgical resection is the mainstay for treatment of these tumors and no adjuvant therapy is needed.

Management and treatment of a sialoblastoma of the submandibular gland in a neonate

Objectives: Report a rare congenital salivary gland tumor and its clinical, radiological and histopathologic aspects. Discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A case report is described. A literature review of the incidence, disease course, radiological and histopathologic aspects and treatment are presented. Results: This case report presents a neonate with an asymptomatic left cervical mass. Ultrasounds and MRI showed a circumscribed soft tissue mass measuring 60 mm × 42 mm × 52 mm and extending from the left parotid region to the left submandibular region, but radiological exams could not lead to a diagnosis. A biopsy demonstrated a sialoblastoma. The treatment consisted in a surgical resection with no adjuvant therapy. One year after surgery there is no clinical nor radiological sign of recurrence. Conclusion: Sialoblastomas are rare congenital epithelial salivary tumors and have been reported to occur predominantly in the parotid gland. They are locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate needing a prolonged follow up. When they are completely resectable, surgical resection is the mainstay for treatment of these tumors and no adjuvant therapy is needed.

Epithelial salivary tumors in Sri Lanka: A retrospective study of 713 cases

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic data to determine the distribution of epithelial salivary tumors, especially minor salivary tumors, in Sri Lanka. A total of 713 salivary tumors diagnosed at the Department of Oral Pathology, during the period from 1990 to 2007 were reviewed. Out of the 713 epithelial salivary tumors, 356 (49.9%) were classified as benign and 357 (50.1%) as malignant, indicating a benign-to-malignant ratio of 1:1. The majority of both benign (29%) and malignant (39%) tumors occurred in the minor salivary glands. Malignant tumors were slightly more common in minor salivary glands, indicating a benign-to-malignant ratio of 1:0.75. Among the minor salivary sites, palate was the most frequent location, accounting for 51% of the tumors (246 out of 486). The tumors affected adult patients more commonly, and a slight female predominance (1:1.15) was also evident. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent tumor, representing 38% of all tumors (274 out of 713), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma 21.6% (154 out of 713) and adenoid cystic carcinoma 13.5% (96 out of 713). The commonest benign and malignant tumors were pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in both major and minor salivary glands. According to the findings of this study, equal frequencies of benign and malignant tumors indicate higher occurrences of malignancies, especially in the minor salivary glands, in the Sri Lankan population.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Sialoblastoma of Submandibular Gland: A Case Report

Salivary gland tumors are rare in childhood and account for 3% to 5% of all tumors in children. 1-7 Congenital salivary epithelial tumors are characterized by some as medical curiosities. 8-12 In 1966, Vawter and Tefft 13 reported 2 cases in neonates and used the term embryoma to describe them. Since then, a variety of names have been used to describe histologically similar or identical tumors that, retrospectively, are virtually indistinguishable from one another. 1 In 1988, Taylor 14 suggested the term sialoblastoma to describe these lesions because it conveyed the dysonto-genetic character and the site of the tumor in a single name; this has become the preferred term. Because of its rarity, the biologic behavior of this lesion is incompletely defined. Early surgery is the recommended treatment. 5-10 This article presents a rare case of sialoblastoma of the submandibular gland that occurred in a 6-month-old girl, including the natural history of the tumor, its morphology, and its management.

Salivary gland neoplasms in children: The experience of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan

Epithelial salivary gland tumors are very uncommon in pediatric age. We report a series of 52 cases treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, Italy, over a 30-year period. These results are presented in conjunction with a literature review of salivary tumors with a view to providing an up-to-date overview of the clinical course, prognosis, and treatment options for this rare tumor. Fifty-two cases of epithelial salivary tumors were reviewed and the clinical-pathological information concerning tumor characteristics, therapy, and follow-up were collected. Patients' age ranged between 4 and 18 years. The major salivary glands were the main site of tumor occurrence (79% of cases arose in parotid glands); 37 patients had benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma), 15 had malignant tumors (12 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 9 low grade). All the patients were treated by surgery; local relapses after parotidectomy were 4% and 25%, in benign and malignant tumors, respectively. When tumor enucleation was performed, recurrences occurred in 50% of benign neoplasms. At the time of the report, all patients with benign tumors were alive, 35(95%) without evidence of disease; only one patient with malignant tumor died of disease. Epithelial salivary glands tumor in children had different characteristics compared with their adult counterpart with respect to the frequency of histotypes and site of occurrence, but their prognosis seems to be similar. Parotidectomy (total or superficial) is the best choice for achieving good cure rates in both benign and malignant tumors.

Intraduct papilloma of the palate. Report of a case

Salivary gland papillomas are rare tumours arising from ductal epithelium. Intraduct papillomas are the most rare of all duct papillomas. Only four intraduct papillomas have been described in a review of nearly 3100 epithelial salivary tumours. Intraduct papillomas are located almost exclusively in the excretory ducts of the minor salvary glands. However, also the major salivary glands may be affected. Microscopically, the tumour consists of fibrovascular papillae covered by a columnar or cuboidal epithelium. The authors describe an intraduct papilloma of the palate in a 74-year-old woman. The excision of the lesion was curative.

Sialoblastoma of the submandibular gland: report of a case and review of the literature

Sialoblastomas are rare perinatal epithelial salivary tumors, with only 22 reported cases in the literature. While they have been reported to occur predominantly in the parotid gland, we present one case of sialoblastoma of submandibular gland origin. The surgical management of this patient is discussed. Histopathologic examination, including immunochemical, ultrastructural and cytogenetic studies, was performed. Pertinent literature is reviewed.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PAROTID TUMORS

The management of parotid tumors is primarily surgical. The majority of epithelial salivary tumors (80%) are benign, with pleomorphic adenomas predominating. Adequate surgical excision of these tumors necessitates a superficial or total parotidectomy, depending on the location of the tumor within the parotid. Malignant tumors form a challenging group of diverse lesions. Their treatment depends on their histologic diagnosis, their TNM stage, and other factors. In general terms, the more high grade the tumor and the more advanced the stage, the greater the need for radical surgery with postoperative radiation. Prognosis is best for small, low- grade lesions. Recent subclassifications of adenocarcinomas and the lack of large series make prediction of 5-year survival difficult for these cancers.

비중격에 발생한 양성 혼합종 1례

Benign mixed tumor is the most common type of benign epithelial salivary tumor, it most frequently presents in the major salivary glands, but its appearance in upper respiratory tract is highly unusual. Its incidence is rare in order of nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and nasophrynx. The authors report a case of benign mixed tumor originating from nasal septum and extended to maxillary and ethmoid sinus in a 49 years old male patient.

Salivary gland tumors in children.

Fewer than 5% of all primary salivary gland neoplasms occur in children, but if benign supporting tissue tumors are excluded, a higher proportion than in adults are malignant. The first decade of life, and particularly the first 2 years of life, has a preponderance of benign neoplasms. Commencing with the second decade, carcinomas rise in incidence and are most often mucoepidermoid and acinic cell carcinomas. The pleomorphic adenoma is the most common epithelial salivary tumor throughout childhood. The embryoma may be a uniquely childhood epithelial salivary gland tumor.

Extra-thymic immature T cells: development in polyoma virus-induced murine salivary gland tumors.

Lymphocyte infiltrates which occur in some polyoma virus-induced murine salivary epithelial tumors are characterized. The lymphocytic infiltrates within the salivary tumors resemble cortical thymocytes with the phenotype PNA+, Thy-1.2 bright, Ly-2+L3T4+, Ly-1 dim, H-2Kdim, KJ16-133-. The salivary lymphocytes showed proliferation based on analysis of RNA and DNA content. Because thymocytes lose the immature phenotype before leaving the thymus, we propose that the salivary tumor infiltrates result from the intra-tumoral differentiation of blood-derived prothymocytes into "cortical thymocytes". Histologic examination of the salivary tumors indicates expression of class II major histocompatibility antigen on the tumor epithelium which may be essential in establishing the extra-thymic T lymphocyte-inductive microenvironment within the tumor.