Epistemological Paradigm Research Articles

Introducing an Epistemological Paradigm and Its Ontological Origin through the Metaphysical Deconstruction of Language as the Model of Expression

The model of language can relatively concretely reveal the mechanism of the epistemology, which is extended by the ontology that takes “person” as the unit. It unveils an intuitable dimension to represent the epistemolog’s paradigm and limitations. Deriving from the inherent relation between epistemology and ontology, the retrospection of the epistemology’s ontological origin can be actualized by locating or grasping the epistemological first person’s ontological essence. Hence, the illusional and frail essence of the ontology behind this epistemology would be uncovered. “Person” is not a stable unit in the ontological world, since the application of this unit stimulates the development of the operating style of the epistemology which relies on the supplement of paradox. After this study that intends to get the epistemological and ontological truth of the current using nominative, the new era of one or more unknown but solid epistemology and its ontology will be gradually recognized. Furthermore, the circumstance of past and current philosophical study is going to be changed.

Un ideologo sentimentale: Stendhal, Rousseau e la nascita dell’amore

This article aims to analyse Stendhal’s theory of love as formulated in Filosofia nova and De l’amour, with the objective of highlighting Henri Beyle’s complex attempt to reconcile two rival epistemological paradigms: the sensational-ideological tradition (particularly Condillac, Cabanis, and Destutt de Tracy) and the sentimental tradition (Rousseau). The cross-examination of the texts reveals how Stendhal’s philosophical reflection sought to refute a purely physical view of love—informed by the concept of ‘unproductive imagination’—and aimed for a middle ground between the ‘coldness of geometry’ and the ‘sentimental ardour’. Specifically, this article suggests the philosophical centrality of Rousseau’s theorization of a dynamic and subjective imagination, often overlooked in critical literature on Stendhal, which emphasizes the programmatic ‘scientific’ foundation of his theory of affectivity. ousseau, a kind of father-master towards whom Beyle always harbored a mixture of respect and resentment. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the constructive presence of Rousseau's thought—often reduced to a counter-model—in Stendhal's explanation of love. Such an operation allows for the simultaneous highlighting of the philosophical interest in Stendhal's writings, which lies not so much in the invention of new concepts but in the specific conceptual twist he manages to subject the heterogeneous philosophical notions that intertwine in the fabric of his thought.

The Hermeneutic Method in Human Sciences: Wilhelm Dilthey and the Emergence of a New Epistemological Paradigm

The Hermeneutic Method in Human Sciences: Wilhelm Dilthey and the Emergence of a New Epistemological Paradigm

Testing a Typology of Data Journalism: Professional and Epistemological Orientations Across and Between Global Regions

ABSTRACT This article provides analysis of the growing data journalism subfield using data gathered from a cross-national survey of journalists in 68 countries. The study makes two contributions to the literature, first offering a test of a typological framework for categorizing data journalists based on their work routines and conditions, and second exploring similarities and differences between journalists working in Global South settings versus those in the Global North. The analysis provides empirical support for conceptual claims of contrasting paradigms revolving around traditional journalistic practices versus more computational approaches to using data in news production. At the same time, we find that rather than aligning neatly with one or the other professional or epistemological paradigm, data journalists tend to employ a wide range of practices, with variations in degree of adoption of individual approaches contingent on specific work contexts. Journalists in countries of the Global South, for instance, are likelier than their Global North counterparts to adopt strategies such as using non-expert sources of information to produce stories based on data. Overall, the data suggest a maturing global data journalism field characterized by broad diffusion of standardized practices that feature some regional variation likely tied to differing data access regimes.

Fundamental equations and hypotheses governing glomerular hemodynamics.

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the outcome of glomerular hemodynamics, influenced by a series of parameters: renal plasma flow, resistances of afferent arterioles and efferent arterioles (EAs), hydrostatic pressures in the glomerular capillary and Bowman's capsule, and plasma colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillary. Although mathematical models have been proposed to predict the GFR at both the single-nephron level and the two-kidney system level using these parameters, mathematical equations governing glomerular filtration have not been well-established because of two major problems. First, the two-kidney system-level models are simply extended from the equations at the single-nephron level, which is inappropriate in epistemology and methodology. Second, the role of EAs in maintaining the normal GFR is underappreciated. In this article, these two problems are concretely elaborated, which collectively shows the need for a shift in epistemology toward a more holistic and evolving way of thinking, as reflected in the concept of the complex adaptive system (CAS). Then, we illustrate eight fundamental mathematical equations and four hypotheses governing glomerular hemodynamics at both the single-nephron and two-kidney levels as the theoretical foundation of glomerular hemodynamics. This illustration takes two steps. The first step is to modify the existing equations in the literature and establish a new equation within the conventional paradigm of epistemology. The second step is to formulate four hypotheses through logical reasoning from the perspective of the CAS (beyond the conventional paradigm). Finally, we apply the new equation and hypotheses to comprehensively analyze glomerular hemodynamics under different conditions and predict the GFR. By doing so, some concrete issues are eliminated. Unresolved issues are discussed from the perspective of the CAS and a desinger's view. In summary, this article advances the theoretical study of glomerular dynamics by 1) clarifying the necessity of shifting to the CAS paradigm; 2) adding new knowledge/insights into the significant role of EAs in maintaining the normal GFR; 3) bridging the significant gap between research findings and physiology education; and 4) establishing a new and advanced foundation for physiology education.

Epistemologies of Domination: Colonial Encounters, Heterology, and Postcolonial Pedagogy

Abstract This article theorizes and establishes some of the outlines of an epistemology of domination. An epistemology of domination interpellates the question of “how/what does the oppressor know about the oppressed?” Drawing on several studies of cultural encounters such as Ibrahim Abu-Lughod's The Arab Rediscovery of Europe, Ashis Nandy's The Intimate Enemy, and Zeynep Çelik's Europe Knows Nothing about the Orient, the discussion explores epistemic tropes around colonial encounters: the power and politics of representation; the burden of belatedness/the denial of coevalness; the over-emphasizing of Western agency. Wlad Godzich states that “Western Thought has always thematized the other as a threat to be reduced, as a potential same-to-be, a yet-not-same.” My discussion here accepts this premise but only partially, and asks the question: does domination always entail the projection of alterity as a threat, or is there a wider spectrum of epistemic projections? How does the other encounter and experience the Western self, and does such encounter modify hegemonic epistemological paradigms? Following Michel de Certeau's assertion that “what is near masks a foreignness,” I seek to complicate the relation between selfhood and otherness in the colonial encounter, and its entanglements with colonial violence. What pedagogical moments emerge from such encounters? And how do such pedagogical moments structure postcolonial epistemologies?

Awareness-Based Systems Change

This editorial of JASC explores the notion of awareness-based approach to collective action for social change as embodying a "Third Option". Such an approach is characterized by transcending binary thinking and advocating for new ontological and epistemological paradigms that challenge conventional dualities, promoting relationality, interdependence, and inclusivity. This editorial advocates for approaches that honor the relational essence of existence, fostering genuine connections that acknowledge and transcend differences. Emphasizing the importance of ethical engagement and the integration of Indigenous wisdom, this issue calls for a holistic reimagining of our systems, grounded in humility and relational accountability. The editorial concludes by affirming the potential of collective action, inspired by place and purpose, to create just, sustainable, and life-affirming futures.

A Cognitive Poetics of Wonder: The Synthesis of Aristotelian Rhetoric, Grammar, and Psychology in Fernando de Herrera’s Anotaciones

Abstract This article argues that Fernando de Herrera, Renaissance Spain’s foremost poetic theorist, blended classical poetics and rhetoric with facultative psychology to craft a revolutionary framework of poetic thought in his most important work, the Anotaciones (1580). Drawing on James J. Murphy’s concept of metarhetoric, the analysis foregrounds how in the Anotaciones Herrera intertwined semantics, cognitive processes involving perception, imagination, and memory, and key rhetorical and stylistic doctrines to theorize the pursuit of wonder as poetry’s normative goal. This complex framework was made possible thanks to the often-neglected influence of Aristotelian philosophy on Herrera. Thus building on Aristotle, Herrera originally contributed to the construction of the epistemological paradigm of the Spanish Renaissance by developing one of the period’s most versatile explanations of how poetry and language engage the mind.

Psychology of dreams: justification and development of a synthetic approach

The object of the study is the mental reality of a personality, and the subject is its dream activity, which is considered in the context of a multilevel and multidimensional structure of personality as a system. Thus, the function of dream activity is considered through the prism of a dialogic (transcendental) function that allows consciousness to perceive mental facts beyond its boundaries, that is, to acquire the ability to metareflexion, combining the ontological and epistemological paradigms. It follows from this that the study touches on the "multi-dimensionality" of the personal structure, both on the surface and in the deep planes, combined in the space of a dream through conscious perception of symbols. It is proposed to combine the idea of the structure of the psyche according to S. Groff and an understanding of the specifics of the material manifested in specific dreams of a particular person. The research methodology is based on the idea of mental reality as a self-regulating system, within which dreams serve the inherent desire for integrity of the personality. The author uses the following methods: case studies, interpretation, analysis and synthesis, introspection and self-report. The article attempts to develop an integrative-synthetic theory of dreams based on the works of V.V. Kozlov, S.A. Parfentiev, V.V. Maikov and other modern authors working in the field of practical depth psychology. Based on the author's vision and generalization of many years of experience, the concept of seven "dimensions" (levels) is proposed for working with dream material for the purposes of psychological psychotherapy and personal development. The results of an experiment are presented, proving both the effectiveness of this algorithm and the scientific validity of understanding dreams as a multidimensional natural psychotherapeutic space, process and mechanism at the same time. In general, the work is very relevant from the point of view of both theory and practice, while being characterized by a certain scientific novelty.

Applying Carspecken’s critical ethnography method to uncover the culture of health disparity in intensive care units

Background & Aim: Carspecken’s critical ethnography method has gained prominence in nursing research, necessitating a fresh perspective on its practicality and advantages. This study aims to provide a unique viewpoint on using critical ethnography as a foundational methodology to uncover health disparity culture in intensive care units.
 Methods & Materials: While emphasizing its review design with original examples, this perspective piece provides a practical explanation of Carspecken’s five-stage critical ethnography approach. Grounded in the ontological and epistemological paradigm, this essay examines critical ethnography as a crucial approach to illuminating the discursive culture surrounding health disparities. Also, this study presents original instances of monological and dialogical data, reconstructive analysis, and findings from a study that was carried out to provide more perspective on implementation. It also mentions how it relates the findings to social factors and sociopolitical theories.
 Results: The study reveals nuanced insights into the practicality and advantages of Carspecken’s method, shedding light on social processes contributing to health disparities in intensive care units. This method allowed us to identify how external powers extend to the intensive care unit, revealing a concealed culture that disrupts service provision balance. It exposed individual, organizational, and systemic roots contributing to disparities. Additionally, it highlighted how individual diversities can lead to disparity.
 Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of Carspecken’s critical ethnography in nursing studies within the critical theory tradition. It is argued that Carspecken’s approach to critical ethnography is particularly instrumental in elucidating the social structures contributing to health disparities.

Can We Teach Methods That Transgress? Emancipatory Perspectives and the Praxis of Research

Research concerned with advancing the goals of social justice can have a profound impact on the use of qualitative methods. The purpose of this research was to examine ways doctoral students challenge, embrace and consider epistemology, impact, and validity in designing qualitative research studies. Doctoral students are at a unique advantage when it comes to exploring epistemological paradigms in emerging research. The nature of shared dialogic spaces allows for uninhibited conversations to occur that access long-standing debates over validity and criticisms of subjectivity in qualitative research. Doctoral students engage in discussions about research and grapple with ontologies, epistemologies, and axiology of research questions. In turn, this strengthens their understanding of the impact of emancipatory perspectives in research.

Pathways to Consolidate Corporate Governance by Incorporating Gaps in Management Accounting Practices: An Integrative Literature Review Research Approach

Corporate governance receives considerable attention from various stakeholders due to the search for potential agents that cause threats to sound corporate management practices. The fall of Enron and Arthur Anderson was an eye opener toward the journey of long years of corporate scandals and corruption. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which includes various codes and guidelines, evolved as an immediate solution to the problem. Traditionally, accounting has become an integral part of managing corporate governance as it is central to generating financial information for various stakeholders. However, research attention, so far, centers around public accountants due to their universal legitimacy in performing public account attestation services. Management accountants can also play important roles in strengthening corporate governance by instilling sound management accounting practices in various corporate affairs where governance is under threat. This dimension is grossly ignored in the existing literature, narrowing the role of accounting in a broader spectrum of governance. Applying the integrative literature review method as an epistemological paradigm, this study undertakes a theoretical attempt to highlight the roles that management accountants can play in strengthening the governance of firms from both external and internal perspectives. The incremental contribution of the article is to enlarge the remit of corporate governance by aligning the functionalities of management accountants with the mainstream study of corporate governance. It opens further research agendas for academics, practitioners, regulators, and other stakeholders.

Modelo de análise aplicado ao estado da arte da epistemologia da administração

Abstract The article proposes a systematization of the epistemological paradigms already identified by research that studied the literature on administration epistemology. Such systematization is carried out through an analytical review, in which an analysis model, the result of a theoretical consortium between Ramos and Piaget, is the guiding thread. The different paradigms are analyzed according to their degree of reflexivity against the backdrop of the philosophical foundations of general epistemology. In the field of administration epistemology, it was observed that from the pioneering to the current works, the different authors defend a reflective decentring capable of generating a movement that takes the theory of organizations from the construct that Ramos calls the theory of necessity to the field of theory of possibility and beyond. Thus, the use of Platonic/Aristotelian/Cartesian archetypes by Kantian and post-Kantian archetypes was overcome. The analysis model is applied a second time to the abstracts of the last 30 theses of a graduate program in administration, defended from July 2019 to November 2022. Ten abstracts from each of the three lines of research were analyzed. In this second application, the model was adjusted with the inclusion of other theoretical and methodological aspects, now containing nine reflexivity indicators. It was demonstrated that, due to the different degrees of reflexivity, each line of research has its own characteristics in adopting theories and methods.

Derive transmoderne in Spagna. Dalla crisi alla rigenerazione, nella poesia verbale e visiva del XXI secolo

The article opens with a short reflection on the chaotic and fragmented situation to which late twentieth-century Post-modernity had led us, exemplified through three visual po-ems by Antonio Orihuela, Gustavo Vega and Ana Rossetti. Subsequently, we will summarise some of the artistic and literary repercussions of the transition to Transmodernity, as coined in 1989 by the philosopher Rosa María Rodríguez Mag-da and theorized within her 2004 volume Transmodernidad. Her conceptual framework will provide us with the method-ological foundations for the analysis of some regenerative proposals that embrace the current need for reharmonization and overcoming of the postmodern crisis.Many Spanish authors who were already well-known during the 1980s and 1990s seem to adopt the new epistemological paradigm in the 21st century, sometimes unconsciously, al-lowing it to reflect in their visual and verbal creative products. Illustrative instances include works by the aforementioned Antonio Orihuela and Ana Rossetti, as well as those produced by the artist Rafael de Cózar and the writer Rafael Ballesteros.

Social Character of Artificial Intelligence Technologies

The article considers modern transformations of the ideas concerning subject’s cognitive abilities towards object because of the emergence and development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The developments of scientists and engineers from National Research University of Electronic Technology (Moscow, Russia) in the field of artificial intelligence have been taken as a foundation and material of this research. Their analysis allows making a conclusion that the humanity is rather far from the realization of ‘strong artificial intelligence’. We need a qualitative breakthrough in AI material and technological basis for it. Applying ‘model-dependent realism’ by S. Hawking in the course of the speculations in the article, the author concludes that the purpose of cognition in modern science is not to describe an objective reality, but to organize its subjective perception by some definite way. So, the purpose of cognition is the perfection of cognition models permitting a subject ‘to capture’ the reality. This idea is completely confirmed by Maturana and Varela’s autopoiesis theory and von Foerster’s ‘second-order cybernetics’. The article drafts some prospects of moving away from post-nonclassical scientific thinking in its current understanding, because the development of AI technologies results in ‘blurring’ borders of subjectivity in the cognition process. The author concludes that the modern world is moving in another epistemological paradigm where a new scientific revolution is inevitable.

Reinterpretation of the Islamic Education Thought of Burhan al-Islam al-Zarnuji: An Analysis of Islamic Epistemology

The intellectual contribution of al-Zarnuji has significantly impacted the field of Islamic education. However, certain elements of society perceive his ideas as potential hindrances to contemporary progress. This article attempted to comprehensively reinterpret al-Zarnuji's beliefs through the lens of Islamic epistemology to promote constructive discourse between al-Zarnuji’s intellectual heritage and the dynamics of the modern era. It used a qualitative approach and a literature review method, with the book Ta’lim al-Muta’allim as the primary source. Through an examination of topics related to the diversity of knowledge and its legal dimensions, the intentions underlying the act of learning, and the reverence for knowledge and scholars, this article presents findings that elucidate al-Zarnuji's advocacy of two distinct epistemological paradigms: Bayani and Irfani. Among these paradigms, it is evident that Irfani's epistemology is more dominant than Bayani's. Irfani's reasoning significantly contributes to cultivating moral and spiritual aspects in learners. However, this thinking must not exert excessive hegemony over Islamic education. The most prudent course is maintaining a harmonious equilibrium among the three epistemologies–Bayani, Burhani, and Irfani–to ensure that Islamic education continues to progress.

Thinking Social Management from the Epistemologies of the South

Research objective: To make theoretical approximations between the field of Social Management and Southern Epistemologies. Theoretical framework: Social Management represents an alternative to hegemonic organizational thinking. Through public spheres, permeated by participatory and dialogic actions, the aim is to serve the common good of society. Southern Epistemologies represent an alternative to the epistemological paradigm of modern science, the colonial, patriarchal and capitalist side. Results: Just as Social Management seeks emancipation as its purpose, Southern Epistemologies present emancipatory potential, by constituting political and epistemic guidance, which arises from knowledge about the fight against capitalism/colonialism/patriarchy. Originality: There is a need to advance in the understanding of Social Management, based on its original epistemological and decolonial axiological sense, considering the emergence of debates about inequalities and diversities. Therefore, Southern Epistemologies become relevant to reflect the field, as it admits the knowledge produced in modernity and is based on a counter-hegemonic conception. Theoretical contributions: From the perspective of Southern Epistemologies, Social Management, as a possibility of epistemological decoloniality, becomes more appropriate to the Latin American context and closer to a dialogical management that seeks to free individuals and promote equality through promotion of the common good. Thus, space is opened for the appreciation and validation of knowledge built in Latin America.

Digitalization of Islamic Finance: Epistemological Study of the National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama’s Fatwa

The dynamic and rapid development of digital business and finance requires progressive Sharia legal certainty. National Sharia Board-Indonesian Council of Ulama (Dewan Syariah Nasional – Majelis Ulama Indonesia/DSN-MUI) has issued several fatwas related to digital finance. This research aims to examine the portrait of DSN-MUI’s progressiveness towards the digital finance paradigm and aspects of Islamic legal epistemology in the DSN-MUI Fatwa with the theme of digital finance. This research uses a qualitative approach. The primary data for this research are the DSN-MUI fatwas up to 2021 with a digital theme, plus secondary data in the form of relevant literature. Data analysis uses content analysis techniques. The findings are that there are three DSN-MUI fatwas regarding digital finance in Sharia financial institutions, namely Fatwa No. 116/DSN-MUI/IX/2017, No. 117/DSN-MUI/II/2018, and No. 140/DSN-MUI/VIII/2021. These three fatwas constitute progressive Islamic business law and are important for the Sharia financial industry in Indonesia. DSN-MUI used the ta’līlī and istiṣlāḥi methods with the consideration that electronic money, digital-based financing, and crowdfunding are permissible (mubah) based on sharia principles to achieve benefit. These three DSN-MUI fatwas need to be transformed into OJK regulations and can become a source for making derivative fatwas.

Evaluating the Efficacy of a Traditional Approach to Marketing in the South African Pharmaceutical Industry during the Covid19 Pandemic

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a traditional approach to marketing in the South African Pharmaceutical industry during the Covid-19 pandemic.
 Design/Method/Approach: The study adopted a qualitative and exploratory research design with an interpretivist epistemological paradigm. Interviews were conducted using the Zoom virtual platform to adhere to social distancing restrictions. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using QDA Miner Lite software. The purposive sample consisted of eight participants employed within the pharmaceutical and medical device industry.
 Findings: The study found that the Covid-19 pandemic prompted pharmaceutical and medical device companies to modify their traditional marketing strategies. The restricted access of pharmaceutical sales and marketing representatives to healthcare facilities led to a shift towards digital marketing.
 Theoretical Implications: The study contributes to the development of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of traditional marketing strategies in the pharmaceutical industry during times of disruption. It highlights the need for pharmaceutical companies to adapt their strategies and incorporate digital platforms into their marketing efforts.
 Practical Implications: Practitioners in the pharmaceutical and medical device industry can learn from the study's findings by recognizing the importance of diversifying marketing strategies and embracing digital platforms. Adapting quickly to disruptive events such as the Covid-19 pandemic is crucial to maintaining market effectiveness.
 Originality/Value: This study offers new insights into the efficacy of traditional marketing strategies in the South African pharmaceutical industry during a global pandemic. It emphasizes the value of incorporating digital platforms and diversifying marketing approaches to enhance industry resilience.
 Research Limitations/Future Research: The findings of this study are specific to the South African pharmaceutical industry during the Covid-19 pandemic. Future research could explore the effectiveness of traditional marketing strategies in different geographical contexts and examine the long-term impact of incorporating digital platforms into marketing strategies.
 Paper Type: Empirical
 JEL Classification: : I11, M31, L89

Гуманитарное знание в современном обществе

The article touches upon the issues of development of humanitarian knowledge in modern society. The authors proceed from the fact that the information that an individual receives in the educational process very quickly becomes irrelevant, and in this regard there is a situation of misunderstanding when he tries to comprehend the current events of modernity. According to the authors of the article, the very ideology of the combat illiteracy does not have the former heuristic value. It does not correspond to the new order of the world, in which knowledge has become generally accessible and new technical inventions open direct access to the world of information. Along with the change in the technical foundations of education, its epistemological paradigm is also transforming. The new rules of life have made the question of the peculiarities of the individual's socializa-tion in the education system relevant.