Episodes Of Stress Research Articles

The aftermath of the Covid-19 crisis in the field of intimacy: How to bounce back and rethink our values?

Human relationships and bonding reconfigure and reinvent themselves over time. For several decades, it has been interesting to note that both the digital dimension and the development of artificial intelligence have played a great evolutionary role in our relational society. There is an accessibility and intensification of social exchanges between internet users (published writings, photos, conversations, conferences… ). Although we access this interplanetary sharing of connection, despite everything the distancing and physical emotional social deprivation between several individuals belonging to a different household can bring significantly high suffering. Moreover, with the Covid-19 crisis, there has also been that fragility of our own personal doubt that will settle psychically in us: the uncertainty will be more intimate, more present and more distressing. If there is exposure to a potentially threatening stimulus as is the case with COVID-19, the exploration of positive or negative resources of survival and that of creativity (psychological capital) will emerge during this first increasedmajor confinement in order to bring non-negligible and bearable psychic responses to possible traumas and episodes of acute stress. However, the goal of this article is to propose a possible understanding of a resilience, thought and mobilized from a systemic approach: The relationship between the individual and his different systems of social, relational and existential belonging.

Measurement of NAD(P)H and NADPH-Generating Enzymes.

Pyridine nucleotides (NAD(H) and NADP(H)) are key redox carriers in cells and may also have other functions related to stress. These two molecules are crucial in linking metabolism to electron transport chains in photosynthesis and respiration, but they are also critical for ensuring redox signaling and homeostasis during episodes of stress. This is especially the case for NADPH, which must be generated from its oxidized form, NADP+, by key dehydrogenases. Here, we describe methods that can be used to assay contents and redox states of NAD(H) and NADP(H), as well as simple assays to measure the capacity of two key NADPH-generating enzymes.

Pollen priming for more efficient reproduction in a heating world: what we know, what we need to know

Global warming is predicted to alter temperatures thereby leading to a significant loss in crop productivity and yield. One target of global warming is plant sexual reproduction, which will be deeply threatened by high temperatures because the male gametophyte (the pollen) is particularly susceptible to heat stress. As a reaction to the latter, pollen enacts many responses that involve specific reprogramming of genetic, metabolic, and cellular activities. Most published works focus on a single episode of heat stress but less is known about the effects of heat pre-exposure (priming) on acquired thermotolerance (ATT). The purpose of this review is to gain a deeper understanding of ATT mechanisms in pollen and pollen tube, primarily from available literature. In particular, we will examine many facets (cell wall, cytoskeleton, ion fluxes, reactive oxygen species, etc.) that could be both targets of heat stress and active responses to priming.

Contrasting responses to drought stress between <i>Chrysanthemum japonense</i> and <i>C. nankingense</i>

The response of <italic>Chrysanthemum japonense</italic> and <italic>C. nankingense</italic> to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol was characterized at the level of leaf water status, leaf surface morphology and cuticular wax (quantity and composition), the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation, the accumulation of proline, photosynthesis performance and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. The more tolerant species <italic>C. japonense</italic> maintained its water status more effectively than <italic>C. nankingense</italic>, probably because its leaves form more cuticular wax and are able to accumulate higher levels of ABA. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher in <italic>C. japonense</italic> than in<italic> C. nankingense</italic>, as was that of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase during the later part of the stress episode, but levels of peroxidase were not differentiated at the end of the stress period. Membrane damage, as measured by electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation, was less severe in <italic>C. japonense,</italic> which was also able to generate higher levels of free proline after a ten hour exposure to stress. Thus the superior response of <italic>C. japonense</italic> also reflects a more adapted system of osmoprotection and antioxidation. As a result, photosynthesis was compromised less by drought stress in <italic>C. japonense</italic> than in <italic>C. nankingense.</italic> That provides a scientific basis for the development and application of drought tolerance resources of chrysanthemum.

Continuous measurement of stress levels in naturalistic settings using heart rate variability: An experience-sampling study driving a machine learning approach

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;span id="page629R_mcid43" class="markedContent"&gt;&lt;span dir="ltr"&gt;Developing automatic methods to measure psychological stress in everyday life has become an important research challenge. Here, we describe the design and implementation of a personalized mobile system for the detection of psychological stress episodes based on Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) indices. The system’s architecture consists of three main modules: a mobile acquisition module; an analysis-decision module; and a visualization-reporting module. Once the stress level is calculated by the mobile system, the visualization-reporting module of the mobile application displays the current stress level of the user. We carried out an experience-sampling study, involving 15 participants, monitored longitudinally, for a total of 561 ECG analyzed, to select the HRV features which best correlate with self-reported stress levels. Drawing on these results, a personalized classification system is able to automatically detect stress events from those HRV features, after a training phase in which the system learns from the subjective responses given by the user. Finally, the performance of the classification task was evaluated on the empirical dataset using the leave one out cross-validation process. Preliminary findings suggest that incorporating self-reported psychological data in the system’s knowledge base allows for a more accurate and personalized definition of the stress response measured by HRV indices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Skeletal Growth Rates in Porites lutea Corals from Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia

Skeletal records of massive Porites lutea corals sampled from reefs around Malaysia have previously shown average decadal declines in growth rates associated with sea warming. However, there was a variability in growth declines between sites that warrant the need for investigations into more site-specific variations. This study analyzed decade-long (December 2004–November 2014) annual growth records (annual linear extension rate, skeletal bulk density, calcification rate) reconstructed from five massive P. lutea colonies from Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia. Significant non-linear changes in inter-annual trends of linear extension and calcification rates were found, with notable decreases that corresponded to the 2010 El Niño thermal stress episode and a pan-tropical mass coral bleaching event. Coral linear extension and calcification were observed to return to pre-2010 rates by 2012, suggesting the post-stress recovery of P. lutea corals at the study site within 2 years. Although no long-term declines in linear extension and calcification rates were detected, a linear decrease in annual skeletal bulk density by ≈9.5% over the 10-year study period was found. This suggests that although coral calcification rates are retained, the skeletal integrity of P. lutea corals may be compromised with potential implications for the strength of the overall reef carbonate framework. The correlation of coral calcification rates with sea surface temperature also demonstrated site-specific thermal threshold at 29 °C, which is comparable to the regional thermal threshold previously found for the Thai-Malay Peninsula.

Morphologic Markers of Acute and Chronic Stress in Child Abuse.

ObjectivesTo elucidate pathologic markers of acute and chronic stress found but rarely reported in chronic child abuse.MethodsAutopsies of 3 cases of fatal child abuse with well-documented chronic maltreatment are reported, with an emphasis on the nontraumatic findings of acute and chronic stress.ResultsBesides the overwhelming physical injuries, all 3 children and 1 additional case obtained for consultation had telogen effluvium, a form of alopecia well known to be associated with stress in adults and some children but never reported in chronic abuse. All 3 had the microscopic findings of markedly involuted thymus, a well-known marker of physiologic stress in children but only occasionally referred to in child abuse. All 3 also had microscopic findings of myocardial necrosis associated with supraphysiologic levels of catecholamine, a well-documented finding associated with stress but rarely reported in fatalities associated with child abuse. Two of the 3 children also had Anitschkow-like nuclear changes in cardiac tissue, markers associated with prior, nonischemic myocardial pathologies that may be associated with prior episodes of acute stress.ConclusionsPathologists are urged to explore these markers as supportive evidence in their own investigations of possible child abuse fatalities, especially when associated with stress.

Early Life Adversity and Clinical Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Conflict in Adolescence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with adverse outcomes for both victims and perpetrators, though there is significant heterogeneity in manifestations of relationship violence. A growing amount of research has focused on elucidating predictors of clinical IPV-defined as severe violence involving institutional or medical intervention due to actual or potential injury-so as to better understand potential prevention and intervention targets. Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with IPV in adulthood, yet this literature focuses on discrete, retrospectively reported adversities (e.g., physical abuse and neglect) and has yet to consider clinical IPV as an outcome. Little is known about if and how broadly adverse early environments may confer risk for this specific form of relationship violence. We investigated associations between exposure to ELA prior to age five and clinical IPV victimization and perpetration by age 20 in a longitudinal, community-based sample of men and women in Australia (N = 588). Early life adversity was prospectively indexed by maternal reports of financial hardship, child chronic illness, maternal stressful life events, maternal depressive symptoms, parental discord, and parental separation. Youth interpersonal conflict life events at age 15-an interviewer-rated assessment of episodic stressors involving conflict across relationships in mid-adolescence-was tested as a potential mediator for both victims and perpetrators. Among women, ELA predicted IPV victimization and perpetration, and interpersonal conflict life events partially mediated the link between ELA and victimization, but not perpetration. Neither ELA nor interpersonal conflict life events predicted victimization or perpetration among men. Women exposed to ELA are at-risk for conflictual interpersonal relationships later in life, including violent intimate relationships, and deficits in conflict resolution skills may be one mechanism through which ELA leads to IPV victimization among this subgroup. Violence prevention and intervention efforts should target interpersonal skills, including conflict resolution, among women and girls exposed to adverse early environments.

Agronomic and genetic approaches for enhancing tolerance to heat stress in rice: a review

Rice is an important cereal crop worldwide that serves as a dietary component for half of the world’s population. Climate change, especially global warming is a rising threat to crop production and food security. Therefore, enhancing rice growth and yield is a crucial challenge in stress-prone environments. Frequent episodes of heat stress threaten rice production all over the world. Breeders and agronomists undertake several techniques to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress to safeguard global rice production. The selection of suitable sowing time application of plant hormones, osmoprotectants and utilization of appropriate fertilizers and signaling molecules are essential agronomic practices to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on rice. Likewise, developing genotypes with improved morphological, biochemical, and genetic attributes is feasible and practical way to respond to this challenge. The creation of more genetic recombinants and the identification of traits responsible for heat tolerance could allow the selection of early-flowering cultivars with resistance to heat stress. This review details the integration of several agronomic, conventional breeding, and molecular approaches like hybridization, pure line selection, master-assisted-selection (MAS), transgenic breeding and CRRISPR/Cas9 that promise rapid and efficient development and selection of heat-tolerant rice genotypes. Such information’s could be used to determine the future research directions for rice breeders and other researchers working to improve the heat tolerance in rice.

Dynamic models of stress-smoking responses based on high-frequency sensor data

Self-reports indicate that stress increases the risk for smoking; however, intensive data from sensors can provide a more nuanced understanding of stress in the moments leading up to and following smoking events. Identifying personalized dynamical models of stress-smoking responses can improve characterizations of smoking responses following stress, but techniques used to identify these models require intensive longitudinal data. This study leveraged advances in wearable sensing technology and digital markers of stress and smoking to identify person-specific models of stress and smoking system dynamics by considering stress immediately before, during, and after smoking events. Adult smokers (n = 45) wore the AutoSense chestband (respiration-inductive plethysmograph, electrocardiogram, accelerometer) with MotionSense (accelerometers, gyroscopes) on each wrist for three days prior to a quit attempt. The odds of minute-level smoking events were regressed on minute-level stress probabilities to identify person-specific dynamic models of smoking responses to stress. Simulated pulse responses to a continuous stress episode revealed a consistent pattern of increased odds of smoking either shortly after the beginning of the simulated stress episode or with a delay, for all participants. This pattern is followed by a dramatic reduction in the probability of smoking thereafter, for about half of the participants (49%). Sensor-detected stress probabilities indicate a vulnerability for smoking that may be used as a tailoring variable for just-in-time interventions to support quit attempts.

Does the Relative Importance of the Push and Pull Factors of Foreign Capital Flows Vary Across Quantiles?

We empirically gauge the relative importance of the various push and pull factors for the magnitude of foreign flows to 51 emerging markets (EMs) across quantiles. We propose a quantile regression dynamic panel model with fixed effects and reveal several new findings: (a) Global risk aversion and regional contagion are generally significant across most quantiles. (b) Foreign short-term flows retreat less from EMs with stronger fundamentals during stress episodes. (c) EMs that previously experienced larger portfolio debt and bank inflows tend to suffer more during stress episodes. Hence, we provide novel evidence supporting the global financial cycle hypothesis, investor differentiation hypothesis, and the “more-in-more-out” hypothesis.

Probabilistic Assessment of Extreme Heat Stress on Indian Wheat Yields Under Climate Change

AbstractThe wheat belt along the Indo‐Gangetic Plains (IGP) in India is an emergent hotspot of climate change‐driven crop loss threatening local food security. Using statistical Generalized Linear Models, observed temperature and wheat production data, we show an increase in magnitude, frequency and areal extent of heat stress episodes in the IGP region during 1967–2018. Such episodes comprise of temperatures exceeding a senescence‐inducing threshold. Further, using a copula‐based multivariate framework, we probabilistically assess wheat production conditioned on heat stress indicators, both in the historical period and also in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) future projections. Probabilistic estimates of below‐average wheat production under scenario‐averaged heat stress conditions are expected to rise by 8%–27% under the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, with Punjab showing the largest increase. Quantitative links between heat stress indicators and loss of crop yield highlight increased agricultural vulnerability in India under climate change.

Intermittent social stress produces different short- and long-term effects on effort-based reward-seeking behavior

Previous studies show that intermittent social defeat (ISD) stress increases self-administration of psychostimulants, which suggests that ISD promotes reward-seeking behavior and, ultimately, increases vulnerability to develop drug abuse. The present study investigates whether ISD alters cost/benefit evaluations to promote reward-seeking behavior and whether these alterations are time-dependent. Male rats performed two different tasks that assessed their motivation to seek and consume food rewards. An effort-discounting task in which rats chose between less and more effortful options (i.e., 1 lever-press versus 2, 5, 10 or 20 lever-presses) associated with low- and high-reward (i.e., 1 sugar pellet versus 3 sugar pellets), respectively; and a progressive ratio task in which rats had to increase their effort (more lever presses) to obtain a sugar pellet. ISD consisted of exposing animals to social defeat once every three days for ten days (4 stress episodes). Rats were tested 24–48 h after stress episodes, and 1 week and 6 weeks after the last stress episode. In the effort-discounting task, stressed animals showed a decrease in their preference for high rewards associated with more effort (i.e., 10 and 20 lever-presses). These effects were transient and not maintained one week after stress. In the progressive ratio task, stressed animals showed an increase in the number of lever presses to obtain rewards that emerged six weeks after the last stress episode. These results suggest different short- and long-term effects on the motivation for rewards after ISD and indicate temporal dynamic adaptations in the function of the brain reward system.

The Effect of Applied Salinity and Water Stress on Chemical Suppression of Phytophthora ramorum from Soilborne Inoculum in Rhododendron.

A serious concern for nurseries is the potential for Phytophthora ramorum and other Phytophthora species to colonize roots without inducing aboveground symptoms in plants that then serve as cryptic reservoirs of inoculum. Episodic abiotic stresses that reduce plant water potential can compromise the host resistance to trigger disease development from root and crown infections during many Phytophthora-plant interactions. We conducted a series of experiments with root-inoculated Rhododendron plants in a potting soil mix to assess the influence of excess salt or water deficit on ramorum blight development and the potential for these abiotic stresses to affect the efficacy of oomycete-suppressive chemical soil treatments. During growth chamber trials, P. ramorum colonized roots of both nonsalt-treated and salt-treated plants. However, salt treatment offset the benefit realized from soil treatment with mefanoxam (Subdue Maxx) and mandipropamid (Micora), as evidenced by the enhanced pathogen colonization of roots. A 3-week episode of water stress imposed after chemical treatment but before inoculation eliminated protection against P. ramorum root colonization conferred by fosetyl-Al (Aliette). At an outdoor experimental nursery, foliar symptoms were apparent in 23% of root-inoculated plants during two trials and absent during one trial. However, the majority of inoculated plants in all trials had colonized roots with little or no aboveground symptoms. A single application of Subdue Maxx or Aliette reduced root colonization by P. ramorum in Rhododendron plants. Although salt stress did not enhance ramorum blight symptom expression at the nursery, salt partially offset protection from P. ramorum root colonization obtained by Subdue Maxx.

EEG Mental Stress Assessment Using Hybrid Multi-Domain Feature Sets of Functional Connectivity Network and Time-Frequency Features.

Exposure to mental stress for long period leads to serious accidents and health problems. To avoid negative consequences on health and safety, it is very important to detect mental stress at its early stages, i.e., when it is still limited to acute or episodic stress. In this study, we developed an experimental protocol to induce two different levels of stress by utilizing a mental arithmetic task with time pressure and negative feedback as the stressors. We assessed the levels of stress on 22 healthy subjects using frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, salivary alpha-amylase level (AAL), and multiple machine learning (ML) classifiers. The EEG signals were analyzed using a fusion of functional connectivity networks estimated by the Phase Locking Value (PLV) and temporal and spectral domain features. A total of 210 different features were extracted from all domains. Only the optimum multi-domain features were used for classification. We then quantified stress levels using statistical analysis and seven ML classifiers. Our result showed that the AAL level was significantly increased (p < 0.01) under stress condition in all subjects. Likewise, the functional connectivity network demonstrated a significant decrease under stress, p < 0.05. Moreover, we achieved the highest stress classification accuracy of 93.2% using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Other classifiers produced relatively similar results.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis during a ketogenic diet\u2014a case report and literature review

BackgroundThe ketogenic (“keto”) diet has been gaining more attention lately in the medical literature and the lay media as a potentially effective method for weight control and management of type 2 diabetes. Though rare, there have been case reports of serious side effects. Here, we present a peculiar case of pancreatitis presumably associated with the ketogenic diet.Case presentationA 35-year-old man on a calorie-restricted ketogenic diet presented to the emergency department with weekly abdominal pain on Monday mornings, each time after dietary indiscretions (“cheat days”) on the weekend. It was found that he had a clinical presentation consistent with acute pancreatitis with no associated alcohol use, hypertriglyceridemia, pancreatic obstruction, or other anatomic abnormalities. The patient’s symptoms resolved with conservative management and progressive reintroduction of a standard diet.ConclusionThis case indicates that the ketogenic diet could lower the threshold for acute pancreatitis, and that an episodic stressor may trigger an acute attack in the absence of traditional risk factors.

Use of chemicals and veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) in Pacific whiteleg shrimp, P. vannamei farming in India

Aquaculture has become a significant food producing sector, the sustainability of which largely depends on management of health of cultured species and the aquatic ecosystem. Aquaculturists resort to use of chemicals and veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) to maintain water and soil quality parameters at optimal levels and health of cultured species to achieve higher productivity. The present study reports the survey results (n = 867) on the use of chemicals and VMPs in Indian shrimp aquaculture. The influence of the use of chemicals and VMPs on the feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival (%), average size at harvest (g) and production (t) were evaluated. Farms in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu were found to use similar amounts of chemicals and VMPs, 89.06 kg t−1 and 87.07 kg t−1, respectively, while farmers from Gujarat used significantly low quantity (53.42 kg t−1). The products under the category disinfectants, soil and water probiotics and environmental modifiers were applied directly to the pond as broadcasting while gut probiotics and nutritional supplements were applied orally as feed top dressing. Among the compounds, more than half (50.62%) of the aquaculture inputs were environmental modifiers, followed by probiotics (20.94%), disinfectants (6.99%) and nutritional supplements (3.41%). Use of chemicals and VMPs, however, was shown to positively influence the stocking density, survival and production. Usage of higher quantities of environmental modifiers and probiotics suggests the awareness about their utility in maintaining optimal water and soil parameters thereby improving pond health, and reducing stress and disease episodes.

Short‐term heat stress during flowering results in a decline in Canola seed productivity

AbstractOilseed rape (Brassica napus) or Canola is an important oilseed crop produced and consumed globally. The predicted increase in the frequency of high‐temperature events associated with climate change poses a threat to Canola productivity. In the present work, we report the impact of short‐term heat stress on the reproductive fitness and yield components of Canola. Short heat stress episodes, especially above 36°C, resulted in diminished reproductive fitness due to reduced pollen viability and germinability. Heat stress exposure led to asynchronous male and female development and suppressed pollen development in developing buds. As the temperature increased above 32°C, the seed production decreased significantly. Temperatures beyond 38°C resulted in &gt;50% reduction in total seed production and seed weight. Short‐term heat stress also reduced yield components, seed vigour and post‐harvest seed characteristics. Biochemical investigations of the seeds harvested from heat‐stressed (40°C for 12 hr) plants showed decreased oil content along with a variable fatty acid composition. The omega‐6/omega‐3 ratios increased in response to heat stress indicated a possible decline in oil nutritional quality. Understanding the impact of short heat stress episodes can provide efficient heat tolerance screening tools and pave the way for developing heat stress‐tolerant B. napus varieties.

Acute mental stress drives vascular inflammation and promotes plaque destabilization in mouse atherosclerosis.

Aims Mental stress substantially contributes to the initiation and progression of human disease, including cardiovascular conditions. We aim to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these contributions since they remain largely unclear.Methods and results Here, we show in humans and mice that leucocytes deplete rapidly from the blood after a single episode of acute mental stress. Using cell-tracking experiments in animal models of acute mental stress, we found that stress exposure leads to prompt uptake of inflammatory leucocytes from the blood to distinct tissues including heart, lung, skin, and, if present, atherosclerotic plaques. Mechanistically, we found that acute stress enhances leucocyte influx into mouse atherosclerotic plaques by modulating endothelial cells. Specifically, acute stress increases adhesion molecule expression and chemokine release through locally derived norepinephrine. Either chemical or surgical disruption of norepinephrine signalling diminished stress-induced leucocyte migration into mouse atherosclerotic plaques.Conclusion Our data show that acute mental stress rapidly amplifies inflammatory leucocyte expansion inside mouse atherosclerotic lesions and promotes plaque vulnerability.

Épuisement scolaire et qualité de vie, chimère ou réalité ?

De nombreuses études montrent que le stress lié à l’école, tout comme les problèmes de santé y étant associés, ont fortement augmenté chez les adolescents et qu’ils impactent les performances scolaires (ex., Martin-Krumm et al., 2011 ; Oger et al., 2007). Il s’avère même que certains jeunes soient en souffrance à l’École. Dès lors, de ces problématiques émerge celle du burnout scolaire avec ses multiples conséquences déjà largement explorées dans le champ du travail. Elle peut a priori paraître surprenante pourtant, force est de constater que du collège à l’université, le parcours de l’enfant au jeune adulte est parsemé de périodes de stress l’engageant dans ce type d’épuisement. L’objectif de ce travail est de faire un bilan permettant de cerner les causes et les conséquences du phénomène, puis de recenser des travaux dont il a fait l’objet. Il permet enfin d’envisager des pistes de prise en compte de ce problème de santé publique. Numerous studies show that school-related stress, as well as stress-related health problems, have increased significantly among adolescents and that this in turn impacts school performance (e.g., Martin-Krumm, Oger, Sarrazin, & Pelayo, 2011; Oger, Martin-Krumm, & Sarrazin, 2007). It even turns out that some young people are suffering at school (e.g., Martin-Krumm, Fenouillet, Heutte, & Besanson, 2014). This institution may have its share of responsibility for the unease certain students experience, particularly with its exhausting rhythms and anxiety-provoking pressures. From these problems, emerges the issue of school burnout, with its many consequences, which have already been widely explored in the field of work in general and specifically in the field of teaching, but from the teachers’ perspective (e.g., Laugaa, Rascle, & Bruchon-Schweitzer, 2008). For learners, this issue may seem surprising at first, however, it is clear that from secondary school to university, young children and then young adults paths are riddled with episodes of stress leading to this type of burnout. Indeed, they have very long school days, work to do after class, and some have to prepare for exams and achieve goals in order to obtain certification. The challenge of this piece of work is first of all to take stock of the quality of life of pupils and students, in particular to show that they suffer from a lack of well-being in their respective contexts of evolution. Indeed, many figures attest to this. The various causes, which depend both on the school itself but also on the individual who is going through a delicate and anxiety-provoking period that can be adolescence, are set out. The possible consequences of this suffering are also highlighted. An assessment is then drawn up in order to identify the premises of the phenomenon of burnout at school and review the various studies that have been carried out on it. Tools to measure it, the study of its evolution over the course of a school year, the differences between boys and girls, the so-called “at-risk” people, its links with motivation, well-being, depression and suicidal ideation were presented. Finally, it seemed crucial to us to show the interest of taking into consideration this public health problem on the one hand, for and by the School System, but also for each of the students affected by this form of unhappiness. Avenues for consideration, such as social support but also specific school programs are presented, the objective being that they be more widely developed in order to cope with exhaustion.