Epidemiology Of Stomach Cancer Research Articles

Carcinoma stomach in Eastern India-An audit from a tertiary health care center.

In spite of declining incidence and fatality over the past decade, stomach cancer still remains a global health issue due to its aggressiveness and heterogeneity. There is wide variation in the epidemiology of stomach cancer, not only worldwide but also among different regions of India. However, there is very limited data available for the Indian population. This study was aimed at establishing the incidence and role of risk factors, analyzing the symptoms, stage of disease, and mode of various surgical treatments of patients in the eastern region of India, and comparing them with the results of other studies in India and regions outside India. An audit of the database of carcinoma stomach patients attending the radiotherapy and surgery outpatient department (OPD) between January 2020 and June 2021 was performed. Demographic, clinical, and treatment-related data were collected and analyzed with respect to other regions of India and the worldwide pattern of carcinoma stomach. The mean age of the study population was 58 years with male dominance (70%). The antrum was the most common (60%) primary site, and stage III was the most common (47.6%) stage at presentation. Around 73.4% of patients underwent radical surgery. Most patients (50%) had an eventless post-operative period, and 76% received peri-operative chemotherapy. Also, 20% of patients received adjuvant chemoradiation. Our analysis suggests that there are certain differences (like dietary habits), as well as similarities (like socio-demographic factors), among the risk factors of carcinoma in this part of the country than other parts. Further studies into the risk factors and different clinical presentations are required for prevention and early detection.

Descriptive epidemiology of stomach cancer in Ragusa, Sicily, 1981-1988.

An epidemiologic study was carried out on 475 incident cases of gastric cancer registered by the Ragusa Cancer Registry (Sicily) between 1981 and 1988. Distribution by sex, age, subsite, year of incidence, and survival was investigated. A reduction of incidence and mortality between 1981-84 and 1985-88 was observed in both sexes, and was more evident in males than in females. Survival was not significantly different for cancers of the various subsites.

Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer in Japan With Special Reference to the Strategy for the Primary Prevention

Characteristics of both descriptive and analytic epidemiology of stomach cancer were summarised. Dietary changes, especially reduced intake of salted food mainly due to the wider use of electric refrigerator, were considered as the major reasons of recent decline in mortality. Other features of descriptive epidemiology such as socio-economic variation, lower risk in Okinawa residents and Japanese migrants to the U.S.A. were also described. In analytic epidemiology, daily cigarette smoking was found as a risk-enhancing factor in addition to frequent intake of salted food. Daily intake of green-yellow vegetables, soybean paste soup and milk were considered as risk reducing factors. Possibilities of primary prevention of stomach cancer was discussed based on these findings.

The epidemiology of stomach cancer in Bavaria.

Stomach cancer represents an important cause of death in the Federal Republic of Germany, the regional analysis of mortality rates showing that the rates in Bavaria lay significantly above the national average during the years 1952 till 1978. Within this Federal State the mortality again is not uniform but regions in the Northeast with high rates are distinguishable from low mortality in the Southwest. Furthermore, the analysis by age and birth cohorts shows a decrease of mortality from stomach cancer with later years of birth. The considerable differences in consecutive birth cohorts, given the regional patterns, may indicate a varying exposure to etiological factors, most likely to be sought in the early life of the later cancer victims. In an attempt to clarify the reasons for these regional particularities a case-control study is designed to investigate, among other factors, the etiological relevance of nutritional habits. The possible influence of competing causes of death is discussed.

Epidemiology of Stomach Cancer in Chile—The Role of Nitrogen Fertilizers

Chile ranks second in the world regarding age-adjusted mortality rates from stomach cancer. Analysis of death rates along its 25 provinces for a 15-year period (1957-1971) shows a peculiar geographic pattern of high and low-risk areas. Three agricultural provinces (Maule, Linares and Nuble, located south of Santiago), population 460,000, show a median rate of 50 x 1 per 100,000. In contrast, both extremes of the country, distant some 3,000 miles from one another, carry less than one-half the risk. The three northerly provinces (Tarapacá, Antofagasta and Atacama), population 652,500, show a median rate of 21 6, whereas Aysén and Magallanes in the extreme south, population 161,600, share a figure of 22.8 per 100,000. Data showing the use of nitrates throughout the country were collected for the period 1945-1972. A high correlation has been found between death rates and cumulative per capita exposure to nitrogen fertilizers. Controlling for confounding socio-economic variables, estimated by housing and infant mortality rates, the correlation holds at a significant level. A negative correlation between stomach cancer and infant mortality rates, low correlation with housing rating, and a negative correlation with lung and cervical cancer deaths were also found. The latter reinforces the lack of association with socio-economic conditions. Other major sites show a completely different pattern. The epidemiological evidence presented agrees with biochemical findings on the synthesis of nitrosamines.