Epidemiological Profile Of Patients Research Articles

Epidemiological Profile of Patients under Chemical Dependence Treatment and Applicability of the Urica Questionnaire as a Tool for Behavior Change

Epidemiological Profile of Patients under Chemical Dependence Treatment and Applicability of the Urica Questionnaire as a Tool for Behavior Change

Molecular characterization of Giardia lamblia and risk factors for giardiasis among immunocompromised patients in southern Brazil.

Acute Giardia infections often cause diarrhea and stomach upset. Chronic infections can lead to malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, malabsorption and weight loss. This study assessed the prevalence of G. lambia infection and assessed associated risk factors among immunocompomised patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment in southern Brazil. A total of 110 immunocompromised patients in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, consented to participate in this study and were recruited. Socioeconomic and epidemiological profile of patients was collected by questionnaire. The prevalence for Giardia were determined through microscopy by the centrifugation-flotation technique using stool samples of every patient. In addition, the genetic characterization of the parasite was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene. By microscopy, the prevalence of giardiasis was 17.3% (19/110). Furthermore, the DNA sequences revealed that 7 (36.8%) out of 19 isolates belonged to assemblage B, while 6 of them (31.6%) belonged to assemblage C, 5 (26.3%) to assemblage A and 1 (5.3%) to assemblage D. Risk factors (p ≤ 0.05) for giardiasis were schooling level (OR=8.0 (1.02 - 62.91) sharing a house with more than three people (OR=14.1 (3.77 - 52.51), water sources (OR=38.9 (10.4 - 145.7), sewage treatment (OR=14.2 (3.1 - 65.5), waste destination (OR=7.44 (2.0 - 27.3), owning pets (OR=4.6 (1.0 - 21.2) and cultivating a vegetable garden (OR=4.2 (1.3 - 13.6). The prevalence of G. lamblia in immunocompromised patients was considered elevate with the identification of four assemblage of the parasite (A, B, C and D).

Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Infective Endocarditis at three Tertiary Centers in Brazil from 2003 to 2017

Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease with high morbimortality and an increasing incidence. With improved diagnosis and treatment, a number of epidemiological changes have been reported over time. Objectives We sought to describe the epidemiological profile, mortality predictors, and analysis of a possible microbiological transition in patients admitted to three tertiary centers in Brazil. Methods In this cross-sectional retrospective study, data from 211 patients with definite or probable IE were analyzed according to the modified Duke criteria between [...]

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis from a Fourth Level Hospital in Bogota, Colombia: A Retrospective Study.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe mycosis caused by Aspergillus species. The infection mainly affects immunocompromised patients with a significant clinical burden. This study aimed to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with IA in a fourth level hospital in Colombia, as these data are scarce in the country. A retrospective, observational study, from a single center was conducted with 34 male and 32 female patients, between 1 month- and 90-year-old, diagnosed with proven (18.2%), probable (74.2%) and possible (7.6%) IA, during a 21-year period. The most frequent underlying conditions for IA were chemotherapy (39.4%) and corticosteroid use (34.8%). The lung was the most common affected organ (92.4%). Computed tomography (CT) imaging findings were mainly nodules (57.6%) and consolidation (31.8%). A low positive correlation was found between serum galactomannan and hospitalization length. Aspergillus fumigatus prevailed (73.3%) in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Most patients were hospitalized in general wards (63.6%) and treated with voriconazole (80.3%). Mortality rate was 15.2%. Common risk factors for IA were identified in the Colombian cohort, including medications and underlying diseases. However, their frequency differs from other countries, reinforcing the idea that local surveillance is essential and at-risk patients should be carefully monitored.

Evaluation of preoperative oral hygiene in patients with maxillofacial fractures: a retrospective clinical study

The purpose of this study was to know the oral epidemiological profile of patients admitted in a public hospital in the state of Ceará in the immediate preoperative period using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (IHO-S). This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of 40 male patients and 4 female patients hospitalized who underwent surgical treatment of maxillofacial fractures. The mean age of the patients was 31.27 years, presenting 21 patients (52.5%) with good oral condition, 18 patients (45%) regular condition and only 1 (2.5%) with poor oral condition. Although oral hygiene has been considered good, studies that emphasize the removal of bacterial biofilms should be performed for patients who have obtained the worst results, in order to reduce the problems that these poor results may cause. Through this study the importance of the dental surgeon in a hospital environment is apparent, acting in the treatment and prevention of factors associated with the oral cavity during the period of hospitalization.

Olfactory dysfunction in the scenario of COVID-19 pandemic in patients screened by the telemonitoring.

ABSTRACTObjective To assess the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with olfactory dysfunction in the scenario of COVID-19 pandemic.Methods The study selected patients with loss of smell, previously screened by telemonitoring system of the Municipal Health Department of Goiânia (GO), Brazil, who agreed to answer a questionnaire about COVID-19 symptoms and findings of exams. The interviews were conducted by six otolaryngologists, who applied the specific questionnaire, over the phone.Results A total of 13,910 patients underwent telemonitoring, and 627 (4.51%) had olfactory loss complaints. Out of them, 330 were included in the survey. We observed a higher prevalence of altered smell in women (67%), and in patients aged under 50 years (86%). In most cases the manifestations had a sudden onset (70%), and in the first 5 days of illness (80%). The most prevalent associated symptom was a change in taste (89%), and only 2.7% of interviewed patients required hospitalization.Conclusion Anosmia in COVID-19 is more prevalent in females and individuals aged under 50 years. It is a relevant initial symptom predictive of the disease, together with dysgeusia.

PROFILE OF COVID -19 PATIENTS AT A DEDICATED COVID HEALTH CENTRE (DCHC) IN SUBURBS OF A METROPOLITAN CITY IN MUMBAI INDIA -A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Context: COVID-19 pandemic had over the past months grown to disastrous proportions and had stretched the healthcare facilities across the globe to their limit.Jumbo centres not only helped in increasing the availability of beds for Covid patients, but also helped in de-cluttering the load on tertiary centres. Aim: Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients who received treatment at the MCGM jumbo covid facility at Mumbai. Setting and design:The current study is a retrospective, observational analysis of epidemiological features, clinical manifestations and laboratory and radiographic investigations of patients admitted at the DCHC between June 1st 2020 to August 31st 2020.Methods and Material: Patients from June 2020 to August 2020 at DCHC were enrolled in the study.All patients with positive RTPCR, were divided according to symptomatology and classified into Mild,Moderate,Severe. Statistical analysis used:Data was entered in Excel spreadsheet and statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software version 19. Results: Out of 3977 cases,1620 (40.7%) cases were mild cases,1269 (31.9%) moderate cases and 1088 (27.4%) severe cases.The age amongst mild cases (50.78 ± 14.56 years) was higher as compared to moderate (48.23 ± 15.63 years) and severe cases (47.18 ± 15.53 years) and the difference between all the three groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: DCHC management helped in formulating protocols and with advances in the infrastructure, led to better management with less transfer and helped in preparing for second wave

MO395EPIDEMIOLOGY AND OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY REQUIRING DIALYSIS: ABOUT 230 CASES

Abstract Background and Aims Acute renal injury (ARI) is a frequent pathology. Rarer are the studies dedicated specifically to the subgroup requiring dialysis. The objective of our study is to identify: The epidemiological profiles of patients with ARI requiring dialysis. The course of the dialysis sessions to determine the dialysis’ prescription and the different accidents. Method This is a descriptive cross-sectional study including patients admitted to the different departments of Sousse University Hospitals in Tunisia who presented an ARI requiring emergency dialysis. Our study was conducted from February 2015 until August 2018. The data collected were analysed by the SPSS software. Results During three and a half years, 230 patients presented ARI requiring dialysis. The average age was 60 ± 16 years old. The sex ratio was 1.61. A history of hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, dyslipidaemia, hyperuricemia, uropathy and neoplasia was noted in respectively 34.9%, 27.1%, 21.6%, 22.7%, 25.5%, 22.7% and 14.3% cases. The causes of ARI were dominated by organic, obstructive and functional causes in 66.2%, 21.7% and 7.4% of cases, respectively. For organic causes, we noted acute tubular necrosis in 70.4% of cases, a glomerular cause in 14.5% of cases, an interstitial cause in 7.9% of cases and a vascular cause in 7.2% of cases. Dialysis indications were dominated by severe acidosis, pulmonary oedema, uremic syndrome and hyperkalaemia in 27.4%, 24.3%, 16.5% and 14.3% of cases, respectively. Among our patients, 26.7% presented a hemodynamic instability with catecholamine use in 16.8% of cases and the use of isovolumic connection at the beginning of the session in 21.2% of cases. The median ultrafiltration was 444 ml / hour IQR [166, 67-750] with extremes of 0 to 1333 ml/hour. The median blood flow was 250 ml/min IQR [250-280] with extremes of 180 to 300 ml/min. The median duration of dialysis’ session was 180 minutes IQR [180,240] with extremes of 15 to 360 minutes. We noted dialysis incidents in 12% of dialysis’ sessions. These events were dominated by hypotension, hypoglycaemia, extracorporeal circuit coagulation, death and chest pain in 13.8%, 4.8%, 2.6%, 2.1% and 0.7% of cases, respectively. The cessation of dialysis sessions was noted in 22 sessions (11.1%). Concerning the evolution of patients: 33.1% of patients recovered normal renal function, 23.9% of patients maintained renal failure, 22.2% of patients died and 20.8% of patients were lost from seen or the duration of their follow-up was less than three months not making it possible to conclude as to the chronicity of the renal insufficiency. Conclusion ARI is a common and serious pathology. Dialysis is an important evolutionary step. It is associated with a high risk of progression to chronic renal failure and mortality. Optimal management of ARI is required.

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma at Two Quaternary Hospitals in Mozambique in 2016

Background: Our objective was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of maxillofacial trauma in patients attended to at the Maputo Central and Nampula Central hospitals in 2016.
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study based on clinical records of all patients with maxillofacial trauma who attended consultations or were admitted to wards of the maxillofacial surgery services from January to December 2016. Statistical tests looking for significance levels of 5% were performed in SPSS.
 Results: Trauma accounted for 482 (35.65%) patients treated at the central hospitals of Maputo and Nampula: of these patients 373 (77.4%) fell in the 15–44-year age group, 363 (75.31%) were male, and 430 (89.21%) were ethnically African. Most patients (259 or 53.77%) treated at these hospitals were outpatients. The most frequent cause of trauma (albeit without statistical significance) wasphysical violence. The lower floor of the face was more frequently involved (279 or 57.88%), and the most common treatment was closed reduction (238 or 49.38%).
 Conclusion: The characteristic clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with maxillofacial trauma is mainly fractures of the lower floor of the face. These types of injuries are usually severe, and developing preventative and multidisciplinary conducts and treatment protocols for these patients is imperative.
 Keywords: Epidemiological profile, Maxillofacial trauma, Mozambique

Análise do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes submetidos a transplante de córnea no Espírito Santo

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiologico dos pacientes submetidos a transplante de cornea no estado do Espirito Santo. Metodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo realizado entre o periodo de janeiro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, com o total de 1310 cadastrados na Central de Notificacao, Captacao e Distribuicao de Orgaos do Espirito Santo (CNCDO/ES) por meio do Sistema Nacional de Transplantes (SNT) e que foram submetidos a transplante de cornea. Os dados foram apresentados em estatistica descritiva como frequencias e mediana e a analise dos dados foi realizada com o software SPSS versao 23. Resultados: em relacao a frequencia, obteve-se 54,3% do genero feminino, 57,33% (751) provenientes da Regiao Metropolitana de Vitoria. Os pacientes do Espirito Santo correspondem a 86% da frequencia na fila, seguidos por Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Bahia, que juntos correspondem a 6,3%. O principal diagnostico na indicacao de transplante foi a Ceratopatia Bolhosa (25,9%), seguido por Ceratocone (16,5%) e Ceratite Intersticial (15,5%). A media de tempo de espera foi de 195 dias, sendo no maximo 1345 dias. Verificou-se que 1310 pacientes foram transplantados de cornea, a faixa etaria dos transplantados e de 57 anos, sendo a maioria destes da Regiao Metropolitana de Vitoria. Conclusao: Os diagnosticos mais prevalentes nos pacientes transplantados no Espirito Santo foram Ceratopatia Bolhosa e Ceratocone, em pacientes majoritariamente do sexo feminino, 57 anos em media, da regiao metropolitana da grande Vitoria e provenientes do proprio estado. O estudo permite tracar estrategias de prevencao, cuidado e acoes sociais de conscientizacao de doacao de cornea.

Profile of fungal keratitis in a Sub-Himalayan territory of north India

Aim: To study the microbiological and epidemiological profile of patients with suppurative corneal ulcer presenting in a rural referral center situated in a Sub-Himalayan territory of north India. The study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology and frequency of mycotic keratitis among the patients of suppurative corneal ulcer and to identify various fungal species as etiological agents.
 Methods: Corneal scrapings from 56 patients of suppurative corneal ulcers were subjected to direct microscopy and culture.
 Results: Of the 56 cases of suppurative corneal ulcer investigated, fungal etiology was identified in 18 (32%) cases. Most of the patients (82.1%) worked in agriculture. Trivial trauma with vegetative matter was the most common predisposing factor. Fusarium and Acremonium species were the most common fungi isolated, followed by Aspergillus. Four cases of rare mycotic keratitis caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus, Scedosporium apiospermum, Monilia sitophila, and Ulocladium species were detected. Four cases were smear positive (10% KOH wet mount) but culture negative. Analysis of KOH wet mount was done using culture as gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity of KOH wet mount was 71.43% and 90.48%, respectively.
 Conclusion: Direct microscopy and culture has a greater diagnostic value in the management of suppurative corneal ulcer. The authors have observed changes in the pattern of organisms identified as cause of fungal keratitis in the region. Rare species of fungi may also be detected if corneal scrapings are collected for direct microscopy and culture from all the cases of suppurative corneal ulcers greater than 2 mm.

Multimodal Protocol for the Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocysts

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate longitudinally the effectiveness of a multimodal protocol based on decompression followed by enucleation combined with the use of liquid nitrogen under local anesthesia for the treatment of odontogenic keratocysts. Methods: Seven patients with a diagnosis of odontogenic keratocyst were evaluated longitudinally to clinical and histological features, and pre- and postoperative radiographs were analyzed. Data were collected on the epidemiological profile of patients and on cysts, including the presence of recurrence, duration of drainage device use, lesion site, and presence of postoperative complications. Results: No recurrence was observed during follow-up. Mean follow-up was 59.57 months (range, 18-96 months). No pathological fracture was observed. None of the patients had persistent paresthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve. Substantial reduction in cyst size and epithelial differentiation were observed in all patients after multimodal treatment. Conclusion: Based on these results, the multimodal protocol proposed here was effective in the treatment of odontogenic keratocysts by reducing lesion size, avoiding possible damage to adjacent anatomical structures, and allowing a surgical procedure with less morbidity. The longitudinal follow-up of patients showed that this treatment modality is associated with a low recurrence rate compared with alternative therapies.

Clinical And Epidemiological Profile Of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) In A Reference Center In An Emerging Country

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with multifactorial etiology. This study evaluated the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with Atopic Dermatitis in a reference center.

Epidemiological profile of patients with disabilities undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia

Abstract Introduction General anesthesia is commonly used in the dental treatment of people with disabilities, anxious or difficult behavior, who need complex and/or extensive treatments. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with disabilities undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia by the team of the Dental Unit for Patients with Special Needs of the Federal University of Sergipe. Material and method Through the analysis of 371 dental records of patients assisted between August 2002 and March 2019. Result The analysis showed that 56.1% of patients were male, the most prevalent age group was 11-20 years, and the most frequent medical conditions were intellectual disability, followed by multiple disabilities. Relative to dental procedures, in 94.1% of the patients, it was observed that 4,056 dental extractions were performed and in 52.3% of patients, 1,156 restorations were performed. In 30.2% of patients, total multiple extractions were performed. Radiographic examination was performed in 51.8% of patients. As regards the origin of patients, 58.8% were from municipalities in the state, other than the capital. Return to the service for follow-up and prevention was observed in 38.5% of patients. Conclusion There is great need for early dental intervention, with specific preventive actions for this group of patients, focusing on those from interior regions of the state.

Epidemiological profile of patients with depression in Shkoder, Albania

Introduction Depression is a prevalent mental healthcare problem and a common cause of disability worldwide. As people age, their physical and mental health conditions begin to deteriorate. Late-life depression affects about 6 million Americans ages 65 and older. The aims study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors in older people living in Shkodra district. Methods This is a cross-sectional study based on a mental health screening among the elderly in Shkodra district. All elderly over 60 years who accepted voluntarily to come in community center of mental health screening and to be part of this study were recruited for at least 3 years. A standardized questionnaire which measures depression and associated factors were filled for each of them. The software SPSS version 20.0 was used for data calculation. P-values less than <5% were taken as significant. Results Over all 138 patients with depression were conducted in this study, the average was 72}11.02std, with min age 61 years old and max 92 years old. Related to the severity of depression, as mild depression resulted 37.7% of participants, moderate 42.08% and severe 20.3%. Almost 42.7% of participant were male and 57.3% were female statistic significant between them p =0.03. Regarding the living area 65.9% living in rural area and 34.1% in urban area without significant association. A significant association were seen between age, gender and sedentary living and depression in multivariate analysis. Conclusion Older adults are more vulnerable and severely affected by the mental health especially the depression. Early recognizing of problem due to depression and motivation to participating for a healthy live after retirement may improve their mental life and of quality of life.

Characteristics of acute coronary syndromes during ramadan

Every year, millions of Muslims all over the world practice religious fasting, from sunrise to sunset, during Ramadan. Very few data is available about Ramadan fasting and coronary disease. The aim of our study was to establish prevalence and particularities of patients admitted for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) before, during and after Ramadan. Data was collected in a descriptive and prospective cohort study within the Cardiology department of Habib Thamer Hospital. The study included all patients admitted for ACS during April, May and June of 2019 (Ramadan, one month earlier and one month later). We collected all relevant epidemiological, clinical and biological data. Our study included 111 patients. Prevalence of ACS during each month was comparable: 19.7% ( n = 43) before, 18.8% ( n = 37) during, and 19% ( n = 31) after Ramadan. The epidemiological profile of patients, the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their medical histories were also similar. Patient's daily lifestyle changed during the month of Ramadan. Significant decrease in smoking was noted [20 ± 7.6 cigarettes per day vs. 10 cigarettes per day ( P = 0.001)]. Sleep hours were fewer [7.86 ± 1.62 hours per day vs. 6.46 ± 1.53 hours per day ( P = 0.001)]. There were significantly fewer meals [3.05 ± 0.3 vs. 2.46 ± 0.5 meals per day ( P = 0.001)]. Furthermore, significant metabolic changes occurring in Ramadan were revealed. HDL cholesterol decreased [73% vs. 28%( P = 0.000)]. Total blood cholesterol was higher [43% vs. 14% ( P = 0.003)], and fasting blood sugar was also higher [43% vs. 18% ( P = 0,016)]. After Ramadan, prevalence of ACS decreased significantly for women: 13% ( n = 4) after Ramadan vs. 32% ( n = 12) during Ramadan ( P = 0.001). There was no increase in ACS occurrence during Ramadan. Changes occurred mainly on metabolical level, affecting sugar and fat metabolism.

Epidemiological profile of patients undergoing correction of myelomeningocele in Brazilian public health system

Epidemiological profile of patients undergoing correction of myelomeningocele in Brazilian public health system

Tracking: emergency method or health vigilance in the retention of patients living with HIV/AIDS?

There were 1.7 million HIV/AIDS-related deaths worldwide. The low retention of patients in care was a hindrance to their treatment. The objective of this study was to establish the epidemiological profile of patients, to implement “tracking” and to evaluate its effectiveness. This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective study of all patients living with HIV/AIDS enrolled from 2004 to 2012 by the non-governmental organization ACONDA-VSCI. It consisted of a series of phone calls and home visits. Results showed that 71% of the 51.703 patients enrolled were female with a sex-ratio (F/M) of 2.5. The average age of patients was 33±13 years. 47% of the patients enrolled had an unknown vital status in 2011 and only 42% of them had a telephone number. In addition, 11% of patients with unknown vital status were contacted and reintegrated into the care system. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the lack of awareness of status in patients was related to elevated CD4s, and having spent more than three years in a health center. On the other hand, being in a relationship and living in a rural area was a protective factor against the lack of knowledge of status. At the end of this study, it appears that the tracking method is an excellent method of combating the loss of sight of patients. However, it must be carried out routinely as a method of health vigilance and not a health emergency.

Appendectomy: prognostic factors in the brazilian unified health system.

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common cause of surgical acute abdomen. Postoperative complications in emergency care are reflections of the surgical procedure and pre- and postoperative factors. Define prognostic factors for patients who underwent appendectomy, comparing them with the literature. Descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design based on data from the emergency/urgency appendectomy records between September 2018 and April 2019. Variables of interest were considered based on intrinsic patient data, clinical status, and perioperative management factors. Primary outcomes considered: postoperative complications from hospital admission discharge and prolonged hospital stay for > 2 days. Secondary outcome: death. The results were evaluated by Fisher's exact test (p <0.05). We identified 48 patients undergoing an appendectomy. Young adults accounted for 68.7%. From the total, 58.3% were males, 6 (12.5%) had hospitalization> 2 days, 4 (8.3%) had complications and no deaths. Among the variables, the stage of AA, the time of complaint up until seeking care, and advanced age were correlated with worse prognosis during hospitalization (p <0.05). The emergence of immediate postoperative complications was correlated with longer hospital stay (p <0.05). The descriptive data of the sample converge with the epidemiological profile of patients with AA in the literature, corroborating the applicability of conventional guidelines. The results strengthen the hypothesis that the patient's flow with abdominal manifestations is complicated from the first contact with SUS to the resolution of the condition. Knowledge of the epidemiological profile and perioperative predictors that are most related to complications favor the appropriate management of patients.

Epidemiological profile of patients utilizing dental public health services in the eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa

INTRODUCTION: Oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss and trauma affect millions of people globally. These conditions can be prevented when detected early, thereby avoiding adverse outcomes. The prevalence of oral conditions has been reported in most provinces. However, there is a paucity of data in KwaZulu-Natal. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of oral conditions at public health facilities in two health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to determine the nature of oral conditions treated in dental facilities in the eThekwini and uMgungundlovu districts, in KwaZulu-Natal. The study was conducted over a 5-month period (November 2018 - April 2019). After clinicians examined the patients they entered the data in the patients clinical records and selected information (routine medical history questions as well as 16 possible diagnosis codes) were entered into a data extraction template. The data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS. RESULTS: Dental caries was the most prevalent oral condition at 66.4% followed by periodontal disease at 11.7%, trauma at 7.3% and lastly tooth loss at 5.9% CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to knowledge on the prevalence of these oral conditions found in the province.