Epidemiological Profile Of Tuberculosis Research Articles

Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the prison population of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the major cause of health problems among communicable diseases and predominates as an etiology in cases of death from a single infectious agent. In the prison environment, this is even more evident, as overcrowding, poor nutrition, drug consumption and the coexistence of other diseases, associated with the precariousness of the health service, favors the spread of the disease within the walls and to the families of inmates. Currently, it is estimated that the incidence of tuberculosis in the population deprived of liberty corresponds to approximately 11.2% of new cases in the country, and this group represents only 0.3% of the Brazilian population. Methods: In this context, the present study aims to carry out an epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis in the prison population of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), in addition to identifying the main factors related to this type of involvement using measures of dispersion, central tendency and frequency, as well as Student’s T tests for independent samples and Mann-Whitney U tests in cases where the assumptions for parametric tests were not met, considering a 95 % confidence interval. Results: 1880 cases of tuberculosis were registered, with a monthly average of 22.38 notifications. The proximity of the factors brown ethnicity, male sex, age between 20 and 29 years to the center of case density and between the use of alcohol, other drugs and the abandonment of treatment was notable. Conclusion: Thus, the need for new prevention strategies in this context is highlighted due to the high incidence of tuberculosis, often related to negligence and misinformation.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in aracati city, ceara in 2017 and 2018

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease originated by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which attacks the lungs and can cause death. Objective: To delineate an epidemiological profile among the age group of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, investigate, and identify the magnitude of cases of the disease and its consequences in the municipality of Aracati-CE. Methodology: Ecological, descriptive, and quantitative research that sought to understand factors associated with high reported tuberculosis rates. Data collection was performed using data from DATASUS / SINAN, period of the second semester of 2019. Results: Regarding the Residence Zone which had the highest index in 2017 and 2018 was Urban Zone 66.67% and 69.24. respectively. About Age Group was 47, 63% for individuals between 10-39 years (2017) and at 64.10% for same age group (2018). In 2017 the brown race reached 76.20% and in 2018 reached 79, 49%. Both in 2017 and 2018 men were the most committed by tuberculosis: 76.20% and 74.35%, respectively. The most verified form of entry was 85.72% of new cases (2017) and new cases were 79.48% (2018). The most recurrent form of the disease was Pulmonary with 71.42% (2017) and the following year this rate reached 92.30%. In 2017 52.39% were cases with laboratory confirmation and in 2018 this rate reached 66.66%. In 2017 85.72% of patients achieved cure while in 2018 30.76% of patients achieved cure. Conclusion: This study showed and contributed to the knowledge about tuberculosis cases in the city of Aracati, Ceará, showing with scientific basis the most recent evidence on the subject.

Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in Iraq during 2011–2018

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is one of the most progressive infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The pathogen is the first cause of mortality linked to a single pathogen worldwide, especially in poor and developing countries. MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to estimate incidence rate (IR) of TB in Iraq during a period of eight years (2011–2018). TB data were extracted from the computer system of the National Specialized Center for Chest and Respiratory Diseases in Baghdad. ResultsDuring 2011–2018, 65,102 confirmed TB cases were reported in Iraq; 39,640 pulmonary TB (PTB) and 25,462 extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). The average IR (case/100,000 inhabitants) of TB was 23.4 (14.2 for PTB and 9.1 for EPTB). Annual rate of TB cases showed a gradual decline over years (from 29.2 in 2011 to 18.6 in 2018). The decline in IR was more pronounced in PTB than EPTB. However PTB/EPTB ratio showed a gradual decreasing over years (from 2.04 in 2011 to 1.56 in 2018). GIS-mapping revealed that PTB and EPTB IRs show variations between the 18 governorates of Iraq. Most of the recorded PTB cases were new (average: 90.5%), followed by relapse cases (average: 7.9%). Among the reported PTB cases, percentage of males was greater than females (average: 52.1 vs. 47.9%), whereas an opposite trend was observed in EPTB (42.9 vs. 57.1%). The frequency distribution of PTB and EPTB varied between age groups, and lowest average frequency was recorded in age groups 1–4 and 5–14 year. ConclusionsTB is still a public health threat, and although a declining trend in incidence was depicted over the years 2011–2018, the disease is still out of control in Iraq, and more investments of resource are necessitated to eliminate the disease. In this context, EPTB and PTB relapse need a recognized attention.

Evaluation of the epidemiological aspects and the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis notifications in São Paulo

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the incidence and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis (TB) cases registered in a region of the State of São Paulo (SP) and to assess the impact of COVID19 on TB incidence and completeness of notifications. Methods: This is a retrospective crosssectional study analyzing reports of adult patients with TB, who were notified in the TB-Web from January 2010 to December 2020. Sociodemographic (e.g. sex, race and scholarity) and clinical variables (e.g., clinical form, types of cases and comorbidities) were collected and analyzed. The completeness of TB notifications and the impact of COVID-19 on TB notifications were evaluated, considering the year of 2020. The study was reported following Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for cross-sectional studies [CAAE 33166620.0.0000.0102]. Results: A total of 1,509 notifications were included, with a mean incidence of 48.5/100,000 inhabitants. The median age was 42 years, most notification included males (71%), were of white race (42%) and had the pulmonary form of TB (85%). In assessing the impact of the pandemic on notifications in 2020, there was a decrease of 36% in the number of TB notifications, with an emphasis between July and August, which was the peak period of COVID-19 cases in the region. No change in the completeness of TB notifications was observed in this period. Conclusions: Results indicate the clinical and epidemiological profile in a region of SP between 2010 and 2020. The pandemic led to a decrease in the number of TB notifications but did not change the completeness of notifications.

Estudo do perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose em Araraquara, SP, no período 2012 - 2017

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) afeta 1/3 da população mundial e cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas desenvolvem TB a cada ano, resultando em mais de dois milhões de mortes. Objetivos: O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo do perfil epidemiológico da TB em Araraquara (SP) e comparar o perfil epidemiológico da TB em Araraquara com os padrões da doença no mundo, Américas, Brasil e Estado de São Paulo. Método: As pesquisas e informações foram coletadas do relatório anual da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, da Secretaria do Estado de São Paulo, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e do Serviço Especial de Saúde de Araraquara (SESA). O período de 2012 a 2017 foi analisado considerando-se as projeções das metas da OMS para o fim da TB de 2015 a 2035. Resultados: Todos os dados apresentados, com exceção da cidade de Araraquara, estão acima da projeção requerida pela OMS. Embora ligeiramente abaixo da projeção citada, Araraquara está se encaminhando para reduzir a incidência de TB até o ponto de erradicar a doença. conclusões: Os baixos níveis atuais de infecção por TB em Araraquara podem ser explicados por fatores como, um dos maiores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do País, a existência de um sanatório especializado no tratamento da doença, políticas públicas e uma eficiente rede de informações sobre TB . Araraquara pode ser um modelo no combate à doença no nível nacional e erradicar a doença até antes do prazo estabelecido pela OMS.

Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the city of Sinop, Mato Grosso, from 2012 to 2018

Tuberculosis is an important global health problem associated with low levels of education and income. This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of notified cases of tuberculosis in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso, between 2012 and 2018. This is a descriptive study using secondary data from the Brazilian Notification Disease Information (SINAN NET). In the municipality of Sinop, between 2012 and 2018, there were 162 reports of tuberculosis, 80.86% of new cases, 4.32% of relapses, 4.93% of re-entry after treatment abandonment. Regarding age, the most affected was between 20 and 34 years (36% of cases); 23% of individuals completed elementary school only; 65% are male and 9% are coinfected with HIV. It was noticed that the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis cases in Sinop, are in line with the reality presented worldwide, and it is necessary to reinforce the health care of the population, seeking to walk together with the other international organizations that aim to eliminate this disease.

Epidemiologia da tuberculose no nordeste do Brasil, 2015 – 2019

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose na Região Nordeste nos últimos 5 anos. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo dos casos confirmados de tuberculose na Região Nordeste do Brasil no período de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: nos últimos 5 anos foram notificados 117.638 casos de tuberculose no Nordeste. Ao analisar o perfil dos indivíduos com tuberculose, constatou-se que 68% são do sexo masculino, com faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos, equivalendo a 43% dos casos, seguida dos indivíduos de 40 a 59 anos que representam 32%. A forma clínica de tuberculose mais prevalente no período foi a pulmonar (86%) dos casos. Possuem Aids 9.550 (14%), 10.269 (16%) são portadores de diabetes, 22.019 (34%) são tabagistas e 23.237 (6%) fazem uso de álcool. Conclusão: a tuberculose permanece como uma doença da atualidade ainda distante da erradicação na região Nordeste. Os aspectos epidemiológicos evidenciados pela pesquisa, revelam a necessidade de planejamento dos serviços de saúde quanto a capacitação dos profissionais para combater a tuberculose.

Clinical and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in an urban area with high human development index in southeastern Brazil. Time series study.

In the twenty-first century, tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem in Brazil. The aim here was to characterize tuberculosis in a municipality with a high human development index (HDI), based on clinical and epidemiological variables. Epidemiological study with analysis of incidence that included 533 new cases of tuberculosis in the municipality of Araraquara, São Paulo, reported to the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2002 and 2011. To identify trends, this period was divided into two five-year periods (2002-2006 and 2007-2011). The incidence rates were compared using ratios and confidence intervals. The incidence of tuberculosis was 26.82 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, and decreased by 22% between the two periods, which was statistically significant. Cases were more prevalent among men (72.61%) and among adults between 30 and 59 years of age with non-specialized professions and low education levels. There was a statistically significant reduction in cases among individuals over 50. The age group with highest incidence was 50-59 years in the first period and 30-39 years in the second. Total recovery occurred in more than 70%. There was a reduction in the number of diagnoses made within primary care and an increase within public hospital care between the two periods. The most common coinfections were AIDS and hepatitis C. The incidence of tuberculosis in this municipality was lower than the national incidence, with a declining trend and a high cure rate, and the main coinfections were AIDS and hepatitis C.

Epidemiological Profile of Tuberculosis and Investigation of Some Risk Factors in the Province of Larache, Morocco (2000-2012)

Epidemiological Profile of Tuberculosis and Investigation of Some Risk Factors in the Province of Larache, Morocco (2000-2012)

Epidemiological profile of TB in the population of the city of Belém-Pará, Brazil: study on the municipal health unit of Fatima

Epidemiological case notifications of tuberculosis (TB) are very important, because the disease that afflicts mankind comes from antiquity.

Epidemiological Profile of Tuberculosis in the Provinces of Laayoune and Tarfaya, Morocco (2006-2012)

Aims: Tuberculosis is considered as one of the major causes of mortality worldwide after AIDS in the recent years. The present work aims to bring out the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the province s of Laayoune and Tarfaya so as to contribute to the improvement of the application WHO Anti -Tuberculosis Program and to the increase of success rates of treatment in these regions. Methodology: This is a retrospective study based on 1331 cases of tuberc ulosis, all forms combined, reported to the Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases of Laayoune during the period between 2006 and 2012. Results: The results show that the ave rage age of patients is 34.97± 15.47 years old while median ageis 32 years. The highest incidence is observed in patients who are between 20 and 50 years old. The sex-ratio men to women, which is 1.73, is highly significant ( χ≤=95.2, P <.001). Moreover, the number of cases is significantly higher during the winter andspring, compared to autumn and summer (

Clinical and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the health area of Lubumbashi (DR Congo)

IntroductionL'objectif de notre travail était de déterminer la distribution sociodémographique des patients tuberculeux, les types de tuberculose en fonction de la localisation de la maladie et déterminer l'issue thérapeutique des patients en fonction de différentes localisations.MéthodesC'est une étude descriptive transversale des patients diagnostiqués et traités pour tuberculose du 1er Janvier 2010 au 30 Juin 2011 dans la zone de santé de Lubumbashi. Une de 11 zones de santé du District de Lubumbashi dans la province du Katanga(RD Congo). Ont été inclus tous les patients tuberculeux de nationalité congolaise consultés dans la zone de santé pendant la période d’étude. L’âge, le sexe, la commune de résidence, le tableau clinique à la première consultation et les résultats des examens de laboratoire des crachats par la coloration Ziehl-Neelsen ont été les paramètres d'analyse.RésultatsNous avons enregistré 708 patients tuberculeux soit une prévalence de 0.5%. Le sexe masculin représentait 58.78% contre 41.25% de sexe féminin avec un sexe ratio de 1.42 en faveur du sexe masculin. La moyenne d’âge était de 33±;15 ans. La majorité des patients soit 54.79 appartiennent à la tranche d’âge entre 21 et 40 ans. La tuberculose extra pulmonaire a représenté 51.8% contre 50.2% de tuberculose pulmonaire dont 31.9% à bacilloscopie positive. Le décès a intéressé les patients bacillifères puis qu'il y a 5 fois plus de décès liés à une tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive qu'aux autres formes de tuberculose (OR (IC 95%): 5.27 (2.92-9.59, p = 0.00). La majorité des patients résidaient les communes Lubumbashi (41.7%) et Kampemba (23.2%).ConclusionLa tuberculose extrapulmonaire (pleurale) a été plus rencontrée que la tuberculose pulmonaire et c'est cette dernière forme de tuberculose qui a entrainé beaucoup plus de décès. Ce qui nécessite une amélioration du système de santé de prise en charge des tuberculeux dans les démarches diagnostique, le suivi des patients bacilliformes et encourager l'adhérence au traitement.

Epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the city of Belo Horizonte (MG), from 2002 to 2008.

To assess the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, from 2002 to 2008. For descriptive epidemiological study, the data were obtained from the municipal National Health Surveillance System, after obtaining approval from the Research Ethics Committee at the City Health Department. Incidence coefficient, average rates and stratified data analysis with significance level of p ≤ 0.05 were calculated. About 7.590 new tuberculosis cases were reported between 2002 and 2008. There was a slight reduction in the number of cases throughout the historical trend, with an average annual incidence rate of 46/100,000 inhabitants. The study also showed a male gender ratio of 1.84:1, a higher incidence coefficient in the age group between 40 and 59 years old (73/100,000) and a higher incidence of tuberculosis among people who only had primary education level. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most prevalent form in every year of the study (p < 0,001). Among the cases reported with associated diseases, alcoholism was registered in 47.9% and AIDS in 34.5%. Between 2002 and 2008, there was an increasing trend of cases treated under Directly Observed Treatment, accounting for 29.5% in total. Cure percentage rate was below the expected result (67.3%) and non-adherence to treatment showed a high total percentage (17.9%). The results indicated that tuberculosis control actions need to be intensified with investments on professional training, systemic audits of the information system, improved integration between AIDS/tuberculosis programs and raising awareness of the disease with the goal of mobilizing the society.

Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los casos de tuberculosis atendidos en una red de salud universitaria en Santiago de Chile entre los años 2000-2010

The incidence and epidemiological profile of tuberculosis (TB) has changed significantly in the recent years in Chile. To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TB cases diagnosed in the last decade at a university hospital in Santiago. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture registry of the microbiology laboratory was reviewed. Medical records of patients with a positive culture registered between 2000 and 2010 were retrieved and analyzed. Two hundred forty positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures were identified and the medical records of 158 of these patients were accessed for analysis. The median age was 53 years (range: 3 to 89), 55.1% were female and nearly 42% had extra-pulmonary TB. Among known risk factors, 32.9% of patients were older than 65 years, 4.4% were health care workers and 3.9% immigrants. Twenty eight percent (41/145) had some type of immunosuppression at diagnosis: 11.7% HIV infection and 16.6% were using immunosuppressive drugs. In this group, a previous tuberculin skin test was done in only 5 cases (12.2%). Adverse events related to TB treatment were reported in 21.3% of cases (17/80). No cases of fulminant hepatitis or death from this cause were identified. Four of 92 patients that had a complete follow up during treatment, died. Two of these patients were receiving steroids. Almost one third of TB cases occurred among immunosuppressed patients and 42% were extra-pulmonary forms. The prevention of TB reactivation in this group should be strengthened.

Tuberculose na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil: o perfil na década de 1990

The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) cases and deaths were analyzed in order to characterize the epidemiological profile of TB (incidence and mortality) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s. Annual incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, age bracket, and clinical forms of the disease using databases from the Tuberculosis Information System of the Bahia State Health Secretariat and the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. TB spatial distribution was analyzed according to health district. Cases and deaths were predominantly in males in the 15 to 39 year group. The pulmonary form showed the highest incidence and mortality. The existing data did not corroborate the hypothesis that AIDS/TB co-infection might contribute to maintaining the high mortality rates. The greater occurrence of tuberculosis in certain health districts may be associated with population density and unfavorable living conditions.

Evolución en las características epidemiológicas de la tuberculosis en Navarra (1994-2003)

To describe the changes in the incidence and the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in Navarra. The cases of tuberculosis in the 1994-2003 period were analysed. Cases reported to the system of obligatory notifiable diseases, completed with the microbiological diagnoses and the cases collected in other health registers. The incidence of tuberculosis fell from 21 per 100,000 inhabitants in the five-year period 1994-1998 to 16 per 100,000 in 1999-2003. In both periods the number of cases in men doubled that in women, and the maximum incidence occurred in the age groups from 25 to 44 and over 65 years of age. The diagnoses of tuberculosis in persons with HIV infection fell from 15.1% to 6.6% and those in immigrants rose from 2.2% to 21.3%. Somewhat over 3% of the cases had received prior anti-tuberculosis treatment and about 6% showed resistance to some medicine, without significant differences between periods. The proportion of potentially transmissible tuberculosis (73%) underwent no significant changes, nor did that of those with positive sputum bacilloscopy. The number of outbreaks (groupings of two or more cases) rose from 18 to 26 and the percentage of cases secondary to another recent case rose from 3.6% to 10.1% (p<0,001). In the 1999-2003 period, pulmonary localisation occurred in isolated form in 67.7% of the patients, and in combination with other localisations in another 5.1%. The isolated pleural form appeared in 9.9% and the meningeal form in 1.5%. There has been an advance in the control of tuberculosis although its incidence is still high with respect to other European countries. Control of imported cases is one of the challenges to be faced in coming years, without neglecting control measures in the autochthonous population.