Epidemiological Aspects Research Articles

The role of human papillomavirus in laryngeal cancer and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: epidemiological and clinical aspects

In the recent decade, the number of laryngeal cancer cases increased worldwide by 23 %. Currently, laryngeal cancer morbidity and associated mortality do not show statistically significant trends toward a decrease. The main risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma are smoking, alcohol consumption, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and genetic predisposition.Aim. To evaluate the incidence and role of HPV in etiology and clinical course of laryngeal cancer and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.Analysis of the available literature sources published in the Medline, Pubmed, and eLibrary databases was performed. The review is based on 59 of 584 identified scientific studies. Frequency of HPV detection in laryngeal cancer tumor tissue varies and is associated with the studied country’s geographical location. The incidence of these viruses in tumor tissue varies between 2.7 and 62.6 %. Genotype 16 human papilloma virus is more common in women between the ages of 31 and 40 years and is mostly located near the glottic aperture. Genotype 6 and 11 human papilloma viruses promote development of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx and are detected in 0–87.5 % of cases. It is noted that in patients with HPV-positive neoplasms of the larynx, better response to radiation therapy and higher survival rates are observed compared to patients without the virus. In countries where national programs of vaccination against HPV infection have been implemented, a significant decrease in the incidence of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is observed.The incidence of HPV in laryngeal cancer and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis varies. The role of these viruses in carcinogenesis has not yet been fully understood. Clinical course of HPV-associated laryngeal carcinoma is more favorable than HPV-free laryngeal carcinoma, however, this statement requires further confirmation. Evaluation of the results of programs of vaccination against HPV and their effect on recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and laryngeal cancer morbidity is important.

Intentional physical self-injury in Auckland: patterns, associations and clinical implications in a single-centre cross-sectional study

introduction: Intentional physical self-injury (IPSI) is a pressing health challenge and there is little awareness of injury patterns, management and outcomes. This study examines IPSI’s epidemiological and clinical aspects in one major Auckland hospital, highlighting demography, injury patterns and implications for clinical practice and prevention. methods: Using Auckland City Hospital Trauma Registry data, a retrospective, descriptive study was conducted covering adult patients admitted from January 2015 to December 2019. It assessed demographic characteristics, injury patterns and outcomes, using Mann–Whitney U tests, Fisher’s exact tests and Chi-squared tests. results: Among 137 IPSI admissions, 92 (67%) required surgery, and 24% experienced post-operative complications. Major trauma was identified in 39 (28.5%) admissions. Discharge destinations varied, with only 64 (47%) patients returning home unassisted. Injury severity did not significantly vary across sex, age or injury event location. Major injuries often resulted from falls (19 of 39) and minor injuries from lacerations/stabs (73 of 98). conclusions: IPSI represents a significant challenge to Auckland health services, with a notable burden of care. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of IPSI and improve outcomes. It underscores the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to care, integrating surgical, mental health and rehabilitative services.

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in solid organ transplant recipients.

Strongyloides stercoralis infection remains of concern due to its high associated morbidity among solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) and the risk of donor-derived infection (DDI). We review key aspects of epidemiology to inform screening for and treatment of chronic infection among organ transplant candidates to reduce the risk of infectious complications in the posttransplant setting. In this work, we offer guidance regarding the optimal management of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infection and offer recommendations regarding posttreatment surveillance and the potential need for repeat treatment during subsequent periods of augmented immunosuppression. This review also provides updated recommendations for screening of deceased and living donors as recently proposed by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network's Ad Hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee. Risk reduction of Strongyloides infection in the SOTR population can be further enhanced by optimized treatment of infection, posttreatment surveillance during at-risk periods and recent proposed policy shifts to universal donor screening.

Malformative uropathies in children: epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutive aspects in an ivoirian hospital setting

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract are a major cause of chronic kidney failure in children. Prevalence in paediatrics varies according to studies. The data being rare in the ivorian context, this study aims to describe these defects' epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects in children in a reference hospital setting. We performed a retrospective and descriptive study held in the Yopougon's Teaching Hospital Pediatric Nephrology Unit from December 1st 2008 to December 31st 2020. It involved 152 children aged 0 to 15 years, admitted to the unit, with a congenital anomaly of the kidney and the urinary tract diagnosed with radiology. Socio-demographic characteristics: congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract's prevalence was 11%. The median age at admission was 36 months. The median age at diagnosis of malformative uropathy was 17.5 months. The sex ratio (M/F) was 2.3. Clinical characteristics: posterior urethra valves were the most common malformative uropathy (38%). Malformative uropathy was associated with other defects in 4% of cases. The antenatal diagnosis involved 24% of patients. The average gestational age of discovery was 32 weeks of amenorrhea. In the postnatal period, abdominal pain was the main circumstance for discovery (39%). Therapeutic characteristics: surgery was indicated in 58% of patients and performed in 64% of cases. Evolutionary characteristics: evolution was better in patients who had received surgical treatment (asymptomatic in 83% of cases, occurrence of urinary tract infection in 35% of cases and chronic renal failure in 23% of cases). 72% of the study population was lost. In Côte d'Ivoire, malformatives uropathies are late-discovered and are dominated by posterior urethra valves. Knowledge and management of these renal and urinary tract defects deserve to be improved through the development of antenatal diagnosis and training of practitioners in early recognition of clinical signs. The high rate of lost patients must be reduced by the implementation of an active patients' follow-up system.

Clinical and radiographic characteristics of osteosarcomas of the jaws: A retrospective study.

Osteosarcomas in the maxillofacial region are rare and present different clinical and epidemiological aspects than those diagnosed in the long bones. This retrospective cross-sectional observational study aimed to report the characteristics of osteosarcomas of the jaws diagnosed in an oral pathology reference laboratory. Information (gender, location of origin, age, symptoms, lesion evolution time, and clinical appearance) regarding the cases diagnosed as osteosarcomas between 2001 and 2023 were obtained from histopathology reports, exam request forms, and clinical photographs. All radiographs were evaluated on a high-resolution screen by a previously trained radiologist. A 20-year experienced pathologist reviewed the histopathological slides and determined the predominant matrix of the lesions: osteoblastic, chondroblastic, or fibroblastic. Seventeen out of 33,692 cases diagnosed by the oral pathology laboratory over 22 years were osteosarcomas and 10 were included for analysis. The majority were diagnosed in males (60%) and the overall mean age was 37.8±21.6 years. A swollen, reddish, and ulcerated area was the most common clinical appearance. The mean evolution time of the lesions was 5.2±6.6 months. The majority of osteosarcomas were histologically classified as osteoblastic (80%). The radiographic appearance of the lesions was predominantly mixed (60%), presenting tooth resorption (44.4%) or displacement (33.3%), pericementum thickening (55.5%), mandibular canal erosion (71.4%) and sunray periosteal reaction (80%). The osteosarcomas of the jaws are predominantly osteoblastic with a swollen, reddish, and ulcerated clinical appearance. Imaging exams reveal mixed lesions with sunray periosteal reaction. Key words:Oral Pathology, Radiology, Osteosarcoma, Imaging diagnosis.

A standardized clinical database for research in Chagas disease: The NHEPACHA network.

The NHEPACHA Iberoamerican Network, founded on the initiative of a group of researchers from Latin American countries and Spain, aims to establish a research framework for Chagas disease that encompasses diagnosis and treatment. For this purpose, the network has created a questionnaire to gather relevant data on epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of the disease. This questionnaire was developed based on a consensus of expert members of the network, with the intention of collecting high-quality standardized data, which can be used interchangeably by the different research centers that make up the NHEPACHA network. Furthermore, the network intends to offer a clinical protocol that can be embraced by other researchers, facilitating comparability among published studies, as well as the development of therapeutic response and progression markers.

Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of hepatocellular carcinomas: Study of 25 cases at the University Hospital of Conakry from 2020 to 2023

Introduction: In tropical environments, hepatocellular carcinomas pose a public health problem, however, to our knowledge, no data are available on the epidemiology and diagnosis of this disease in our country. The objective was to describe the epidemiological and diagnostic aspects at the Conakry University Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a prospective descriptive study, including patients hospitalized from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. Results: We included 25 patients. The mean age was 45.33 years (40 - 49 years). The sex ratio was 3.16. The most common clinical sign at diagnosis was hepatalgia (100%). Alpha-fetoprotein levels were normal in 28% of patients and greater than 500 ng/ml in 72% of cases. Abdominal ultrasound found hepatomegaly with nodular liver in 19 patients (76%). A histological diagnosis was obtained in 25 patients (100%). Conclusion. : Hepatocellular carcinoma is a condition that progresses silently and is only diagnosed when it is at an advanced stage. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Conakry University Hospital.

The marks of leprosy: disabilities caused by plantar lesions in discharged patients.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that has a slow evolution and is characterized by dermatoneurological involvement. The health challenges surrounding this disease are closely related to the stigma that results from the physical disabilities it causes. This is due to its high rate of late diagnosis and the peculiar deformities that occur in its advanced stage.Evaluate the clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients with plantar lesions who were treated for leprosy in a dermatology referral unit.This is a cross-sectional exploratory field study that was conducted at the Reference Center in Tropical Dermatology and Venereology Alfredo da Matta (FUHAM), in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.We evaluated 36 patients with disabilities as a result of leprosy and who had plantar lesions. The most common ulcer site was the medial region of the plantar surface, which presented dryness and maceration with yellowish seropurulent exudate, fibrinous tissue and grade 2 depth.The study made it possible to observe the evolution of plantar ulcers resulting from the disease process, then evaluate them and discuss recommendations regarding the treatment and prevention of this type of physical disability.

Post-Cesarean Parietal Suppurations; Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects

Background: Surgical site infections are one of the infectious complications after a surgical procedure. They are Mostly it’s responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in health individuals. Objective: improve the management of post-caesarean parietal suppurations. Method: This was a cross-sectional, prospective analytical study covering a period of 8 months from December,1st 2022 to July,31st 2023. This study was Performed in N’Djamena Mother and child about epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspect of past ceasarean section suppuration Results: he frequency of parietal suppuration was 7.9%, the median age was 23.28±5.51 years with extremes from 16 to 45 years. Mains epidemiological characteristics were: housewives (47.6%), married (56%) and living in the commune of N'Djamena (45.2%). The time to rupture of the membranes was not specified (36.9%). More than around 75 %of caesarean sections were performed urgently (90.5%). Half of the parietal suppurations occurred between the 4th and 7th postoperative days with an average of 8.87±4.6 days. Proteus vulgaris was the germ most frequently found (50%). Most germs were sensitive to the combination of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid (32.1%). The mean length of hospital stay observed in this study was 17.40±14.3 days, with extremes ranging from 4 to 72 days. Conclusion: Post caesarean section parietal suppuration remains frequent. Better identification of the factors favouring this condition could significantly reduce its incidence and consequently improve maternal prognosis.

Hepatitis B and C in healthcare professionals at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects

Hepatitis B and C in healthcare professionals at the CNHU-HKM in Cotonou: epidemiological and diagnostic aspects

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in healthy weight individuals

Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an increasing public health problem, affecting one third of the global population. Contrary to conventional wisdom, MAFLD is not exclusive to obese or overweight individuals. Epidemiological studies have revealed a remarkable prevalence among healthy weight individuals, leading investigations into the genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors that contribute to the development of MAFLD in this population. This shift in perspective requires reconsideration of preventive strategies, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic approaches tailored to address the unique characteristics of MAFLD healthy weight individuals. It also underscores the importance of widespread awareness and education, within the medical community and among the general population, to promote a more inclusive understanding of liver metabolic disorders. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive exploration of MAFLD in healthy weight individuals, encompassing epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects.

Epidemiological aspects of the association of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in Morocco. Case the Amazigh population from a geographic region called Souss.

The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases susceptibility to non-communicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, posing significant health risks. Effective prevention and management require objective tools. The hypertriglyceridemic waist (TG+WC+) phenotype is proposed as a less expensive approach to identify individuals with metabolic syndrome and other cardiovascular risk factors. The current aim of this investigation is to study the epidemiological characteristics of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and their correlations with cardiovascular risk factors and MetS in the Moroccan Amazigh ethnic group from the Souss region of Morocco. A total of 827 Amazigh adults from the Sousse region of Morocco were divided into four distinct phenotype groups: TG-WC-, TG+WC-, TG-WC+, and TG+WC+ (normal TG- or high TG+ triglycerides/normal WC- or high WC+ waist circumference). The association of the different phenotypes with MetS and other cardiovascular risk factors was established by logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of the TG+WC+ phenotype was 27.7% and varied according to age group and sex. Among subjects with the TG+WC+ phenotype, most were 41-60 years old (53.3%) and in women (74.2%). Participants with the TG+WC+ phenotype had the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia (87.3%), hypoHDLaemia (69.9%), and general obesity (37.12%). The three phenotypes TG-WC-, TG+WC- and TG-WC+ were less associated with MetS and other cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, people with the TG+WC+ phenotype had a very high odds ratio for MetS. These findings suggest that the TG+WC+ phenotype exhibits a robust correlation with MetS and additional variables connected to cardiovascular risk. The TG+WC+ phenotype serves as a valuable clinical instrument for detecting individuals vulnerable to MetS and cardiovascular diseases.

Spatial distribution of patients with pressure injuries treated at a teaching hospital

Introduction: Pressure injury (PI) is characterized by pressure exerted mainly on bony prominences, or even related to the use of medical devices. As epidemiological aspects are still scarce in the country, it is appropriate to produce studies that delimit the information for a better characterization of this public health problem, with extraterritorial dimensions. Geoprocessing is a revolutionary technology that encompasses the most diverse disciplines, data, equipment, analysis and interpretations from certain locations and geographic data, thus obtaining maps and/or spreadsheets with information relevant to that particular region that, when used in the health area, allows the identification and mapping of risks and injuries that affect the population. Objective: To demonstrate the technical experience of spatial demarcation and geoprocessing of patients with pressure injuries treated at a teaching hospital in the state of Sergipe. Method: A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out from a data sheet of patients with pressure injuries treated by the Skin Care Service team of a teaching hospital in Sergipe, between 2018 and 2022. Georeferencing and geoprocessing were developed in conjunction with Google Maps and Google Earth software. Results: The study sample consisted of 215 patients with pressure injuries (PI) in which the age group that stood out was the elderly (54.8%), followed by adults (40.0%). It is noted, in the spatial representation, that most of the patients with PL were residents of Greater Aracaju (n=130), followed by the East of Sergipe (n=23) and Central Agreste (n=18). Most of the LPs were acquired prior to admission to the institution studied (55.8%), while the others (44.2%) appeared during the hospital stay. Conclusion: In view of the analysis presented, it was possible to verify that most patients affected by PLs are men and elderly, and that the Greater Aracaju regional was the one that stood out the most because it concentrated most of the patients with PL, whether pre-existing or acquired at hospitalization.

Epidemiological aspects and follow-up of purulent meningitis sequelae in the Zinder Region, Niger in 2023.

Epidemiological aspects and follow-up of purulent meningitis sequelae in the Zinder Region, Niger in 2023.

Candidiasis in Choloepus sp.-A Review of New Advances on the Disease.

Candidiasis is a significant fungal infection caused by various species of the genus Candida, posing health challenges to a wide range of animals, including Choloepus species (two-toed sloths). This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of candidiasis in Choloepus sp., highlighting the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. This article begins by examining the causative agents, primarily focusing on Candida albicans, which is the most commonly implicated species in candidiasis. The epidemiological aspects are discussed, emphasizing the prevalence of candidiasis in wild and captive Choloepus populations and identifying predisposing factors, such as immunosuppression, stress, poor nutrition, and environmental conditions. Pathogenesis is explored, detailing the mechanisms through which Candida species invade host tissues and evade immune responses. Clinical manifestations in Choloepus sp. are described, including oral thrush, cutaneous lesions, and gastrointestinal infections, and their impact on the health and behavior of affected individuals. Diagnostic methods, including culture techniques, histopathology, and molecular assays, are reviewed to highlight their roles in accurately identifying Candida infections. This article also covers treatment options, focusing on antifungal therapies and supportive care tailored to the unique physiology of Choloepus sp. Finally, prevention and management strategies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal husbandry practices, regular health monitoring, and early intervention to reduce the incidence and impact of candidiasis in Choloepus populations. This review underscores the need for further research to enhance our understanding of candidiasis and improve health outcomes for these unique and vulnerable animals.

Fusarium Tropical Race 4 in Latin America and the Caribbean: status and global research advances towards disease management.

Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), poses an undeniable threat to global banana production. This disease has intensified in recent years, with the tropical race 4 (TR4) strain spreading rapidly. Since 2018, the number of affected countries has increased from 16 to 23, presenting a significant challenge to researchers, producers, and National Plant Protection Organizations (NPPOs) worldwide. The potential impact of TR4 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is particularly concerning. This region boasts seven of the top ten banana-exporting countries, and bananas and plantains are crucial for food security and income generation. In Colombia, where TR4 was detected in 2019, the disease has already spread from La Guajira to Magdalena, and it is currently affecting 20 large commercial export farms. In Peru, the disease was detected in 2021 and although still restricted to the northern region, flood irrigation and heavy rains associated with the Yaku cyclone, boosted pathogen spread, and more than 400 small organic banana farmers are currently affected. In Venezuela, TR4 detection occurred in 2023, with plantations across three states and five municipalities now affected. Worryingly, TR4 has also been confirmed in plantains, a staple food in the region. Current national responses in LAC primarily rely on preventive and reactive measures: preventing initial incursions and containing outbreaks to avoid further spread. However, the disease's relentless progression suggests that its eventual presence in all banana-producing areas is likely. Therefore, exploring alternative management approaches beyond pathogen exclusion becomes crucial, both in affected and disease-free regions. This paper examines the current spread of TR4, focusing on epidemiological aspects and recent research-based management options. Key epidemiological features were highlighted, drawing practical examples from various scales (plots to landscapes) and utilizing experiences from LAC's fight against TR4. The paper also reviews field-tested approaches in biosecurity, biological control, resistant varieties, soil health, and integrated disease management, acknowledging the specific challenges faced by smallholder settings. In each section research initiatives were analyzed, identifying gaps, and proposing directions to minimize TR4 impact and accelerate the development of sustainable solutions for managing this devastating disease.

Factors Influencing Tooth Sensitivity: Insights From the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Using Bootstrap-Enhanced Ordinal Regression.

Introduction Tooth sensitivity, or dentin hypersensitivity (DH), is characterized by sharp, sudden pain in response to stimuli such as cold, heat, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks.In Malaysia, there is limited understanding of the epidemiological aspects of tooth sensitivity, necessitating focused research. The condition results from the exposure of dentinal tubules transmitting stimuli to nerves within the pulp, with contributing factors including gingival recession, enamel erosion, and periodontal disease. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with tooth sensitivity among patients at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) using advanced statistical methods. Methods This study employed a computational research design to develop an ordinal regression and bootstrap methodology using the RStudio software (Posit PBC, Boston, MA) to analyze secondary data from the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Six variables were analyzed: tooth wear severity, patient'sage, gender, smoking status, alcohol status, and type of toothbrush. The study was conducted in three phases: 1) the development of an ordinal regression model, 2) the development of algorithms for ordinal regression and bootstrap method, and 3) validation using tooth sensitivity data. Results The analysis revealed that the replication with 1000 samples provided the most precise estimates with small standard errors (SE) and consistently significant effects across variables. Tooth sensitivity was influenced by age, toothpaste type, toothbrush type, and brushing frequency. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of considering multiple variables such as age, toothpaste type, toothbrush type, and brushing frequency in understanding tooth sensitivity. The combined ordinal regression and bootstrap technique significantly improved the model's accuracy, providing valuable insights for dental health professionals. These findings underscore the need for specific guidelines on oral hygiene practices to manage and reduce the risk of tooth sensitivity.

Epidemiology, outcomes and prognosis of infective endocarditis in Northern Morocco

IntroductionInfective endocarditis is a rare but potentially severe disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to describe the epidemiology and management aspects of endocarditis in northern Morocco and compare it with international management guidelines.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study involving all patients hospitalized in the cardiology department of the University Hospital of Tangier for infective endocarditis over a period of 4 years and 7 months, from May 2019 to February 2024.ResultsEighty patients were hospitalized for IE during the study period. The average age of the patients was 46 years, with an even sex ratio. IE concerned native valves in 77% of cases, mechanical prostheses in 19% of cases, and on bio prostheses in 4%. The average diagnostic delay was 25 days. Blood cultures were negative in 59% of cases. The predominant infective microorganism was the bacteria Staphylococcus (65.6%).Imaging results showed vegetations in 76.3% of cases, predominantly on the mitral valve (39.3%), followed by the aortic valve (21.3%). The main complications included heart failure (51.2%), peripheral arterial embolisms (22.5%) and splenic infarction (17.5%).Management wise, the most commonly used antibiotic therapy was a combination of ceftriaxone and gentamicin. Clinical and biological improvement was observed in 70% of cases, with a mortality rate of 12.5%. Twelve patients underwent surgery (15%). Urgent surgery was indicated in 66,7% of the operated patients.ConclusionOur study highlights the challenges in managing infective endocarditis in northern Morocco. The prognosis of infective endocarditis can be improved through multidisciplinary management within the implementation of an Endocarditis Team.

A Review of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemiology Among Children: Linking Effective Prevention to Vulnerable Populations.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the greatest contributor to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children less than 5 years of age and the leading cause for infant hospitalizations in the United States (US). The burden of severe disease disproportionately impacts racial and ethnic minority groups, highlighting the need for interventions that promote health equity. Recent advancements in effective prophylactic agents have the potential to drastically alter the landscape of RSV disease among all young children. The effectiveness of prophylaxis, however, will rely on a clear understanding of RSV epidemiology. The purpose of this review is to discuss key aspects of RSV epidemiology while focusing on efforts to support equitable distribution of prophylactic agents to mitigate existing health disparities.

Pertussis paradox: why are cases increasing despite vaccination efforts?

Introduction Pertussis, a highly transmissible respiratory infection mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains one of the most widespread public health concerns despite the establishment of global vaccination initiatives. The disease manifests as paroxysmal coughing followed by a characteristic high-pitched “whooping” sound, and post-tussive vomiting. Severe complications can include pneumonia, encephalopathy, and even mortality, particularly in infants. Aim of the study This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of pertussis, encompassing its clinical presentation, complications, diagnostic methods, epidemiological aspects, and vaccination strategies, with a special focus on the development and potential impact of a novel nasal pertussis vaccine. Brief description of the state of knowledge Diagnosis of pertussis often relies on recognizing typical symptoms supported by laboratory confirmation through culture methods, polymerase chain reaction testing, or enzyme–linked immunosorbent assays. This disease leads to considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide, accompanied by profound medical, social and economic challenges. Summary To address the limitations of existing vaccines, a novel nasal pertussis vaccine has been proposed. This vaccine aims to elicit robust mucosal immune responses, thereby providing enhanced protection against infection and preventing the asymptomatic transmission of Bordetella pertussis. The study offers a detailed examination of pertussis and comprehensive statistics to support the analysis, providing valuable insights into the epidemiology, highlighting the need for improved vaccination strategies to mitigate the disease's impact.