Eosinophil Values Research Articles

Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors and perform the prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） based on artificial intelligence. Methods:The data of 75 patients with CRS who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery from October 2021 to February 2023 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. There were 53 males and 22 females enrolled in the study, with a median age of 42.0 years old. The CRS intelligent microscope interpretation system was used to calculate the proportion of area glands and blood vessels occupy in the pathological sections of each patient, and the absolute value and proportion of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. The patients were grouped according to the results of the Sniffin' Sticks smell test, and the clinical baseline data, differences in nasal mucosal histopathological characteristics, laboratory test indicators and sinus CT were compared between the groups. Determine the independent influencing factors of olfactory disorders and receiver operating characteristic curves（ROC） were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results:Among the 75 CRS patients, 25 cases（33.3%） had normal olfaction and 50 cases（66.7%） had olfactory disorders. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tissue eosinophils percentage（OR=1.032, 95%CI 1.002-1.064, P=0.036）, Questionnaire of olfactory disorders-Negative statement（QOD-NS）（OR=1.079, 95%CI 1.004-1.160, P=0.040） and Anterior olfactory cleft score（AOCS）（OR=2.672, 95%CI 1.480-4.827, P=0.001） were independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients. Further research found that the area under the ROC curve（AUC） of the combined prediction model established by the tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS was 0.836（95%CI 0.748-0.924, P<0.001）, which is better than the above single factor prediction model in predicting olfactory disorders in CRS. Conclusion:Based on pathological artificial intelligence, tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS are independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients, and the combination of the three factors has a good predictive effect on CRS olfactory disorders.

Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Capparis spinosa L. roots extracts incomplete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice.

This study aimed to estimate the ant-arthritic activity of Capparis spinosa L. roots extract in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis mice by assessment of paw thickness, serological detection of inflammatory markers [rheumatoid factor (RF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-)] using ELISA, and histopathology. In total, 30 male mice were selected, prepared, and divided equally into five groups, including 2 control (NC and PC)and 3 experimental: EG1 (arthritis mice treated total effective dose of extract), EG2(arthritis mice treated total effective dose of Diclofenac Sodium), and EG3 (arthritis mice treated a half effective dose of each the extract and Diclofenac). Clinically, the extract administration lowered the paw thickness from day 7th onwards, the 21st day of study, while the extract administration lowered the paw thickness in EG1 from day 7th onwards compared to EG2 and EG3. For hematology, significant decreases were reported in RBCs, HCT, Hb, WBCs and neutrophils due to arthritis, and significant amelioration was seen obviously in mice of EG1 as a result of therapy. Significant increases in platelets, lymphocytes and monocytes were observed in PC and experimentally groups, significantly improving the values of treated groups due to therapy, in particular, EG1. All study groups ' values of MCV, MCH, MCHC, basophils and eosinophils have differed insignificantly. Concerning RF, the highest significant value was reported in PC while the lowest in NC, but without significant differences between EG1, EG2 and EG3 values. For TNF-, elevation had been recorded in PC mice, whereas reduction in NC, EG1 and EG3. Also, the value of EG2 was significantly higher than recorded in mice of EG1 and EG3. Concerning histology, the findings of EG1 revealed a significant amelioration compared to other groups. In conclusion, C. spinosa L. root extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. Furthermore, studies to detect the therapeutic effects of the root extract on other systemic or local diseases are needed. Keywords: Paw thickness; Rheumatoid factor; Inflammatory markers; Diclofenac Sodium; Iraq

Current and Novel Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases.

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are an emerging group of pathological entities characterized by an eosinophil-predominant infiltration of different tracts of the gut in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia. According to the specific tract of the gut involved, EGIDs can be classified into eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), eosinophilic gastritis (EoG), eosinophilic enteritis (EoN), and eosinophilic colitis (EoC). The epidemiology of EGIDs is evolving rapidly. EoE, once considered a rare disease, now has an incidence and prevalence of 7.7 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants per years and 34.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, respectively. Fewer data are available regarding non-EoE EGIDs, whose prevalence are estimated to range between 2.1 and 17.6 in 100,000 individuals, depending on age, sex, and ethnicity. Diagnosis requires the presence of suggestive symptoms, endoscopic biopsies showing abnormal values of eosinophils infiltrating the gut, and exclusion of secondary causes of eosinophilia. EoE typically presents with dysphagia and episodes of food bolus impactions, while EoG, EoN, and EoC may all present with abdominal pain and diarrhea, with or without other non-specific symptoms. In addition, although different EGIDs are currently classified as different entities, there may be overlap between different diseases in the same patient. Despite EGIDs being relatively novel pathological entities, the research on possible treatments is rapidly growing. In this regard, several randomized controlled trials are currently ongoing to investigate novel molecules, including ad-hoc steroid formulations, immunosuppressants, and mostly monoclonal antibodies that target the specific molecular mediators of EGIDs. This narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of available and investigational drugs for different EGIDs.

Bronchiectasis-COPD Overlap Syndrome: Role of Peripheral Eosinophil Count and Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment.

Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis are highly prevalent diseases. In both cases, inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) are associated with a decrease in exacerbations in patients with a high peripheral blood eosinophil count (BEC), but it is still not known what occurs in bronchiectasis-COPD overlap syndrome (BCOS). The present study aimed to assess the effect of ICs on various outcomes in patients with BCOS, according to BEC values. We undertook a post-hoc analysis of a cohort of 201 GOLD II-IV COPD patients with a long-term follow-up (median 74 [IQR: 40-106] months). All participants underwent computerized tomography and 115 (57.2%) had confirmed BCOS. A standardized clinical protocol was followed and two sputum samples were collected at each medical visit (every 3-6 months), whenever possible. During follow-up, there were 68 deaths (59.1%), and the mean rate of exacerbations and hospitalizations per year was 1.42 (1.2) and 0.57 (0.83), respectively. A total of 44.3% of the patients presented at least one pneumonic episode per year. The mean value of eosinophils was 402 (112) eosinophils/µL, with 27 (23.5%), 63 (54.8%), and 25 patients (21.7%) presenting, respectively, less than 100, 101-300, and more than 300 eosinophils/µL. A total of 84 patients (73.1%) took ICs. The higher the BEC, the higher the annual rate of exacerbations and hospitalizations. Patients with less than 100 eosinophils/µL presented more infectious events (incident exacerbations, pneumonic episodes, and chronic bronchial infection via pathogenic bacteria). Only those patients with eosinophilia (>300 eosinophils/µL) treated with ICs decreased the number (1.77 (1.2) vs. 1.08 (0.6), p < 0.001) and the severity (0.67 (0.8) vs. 0.35 (0.5), p = 0.011) of exacerbations, without any changes in the other infectious outcomes or mortality. In conclusion, ICs treatment in patients with BCOS with increased BEC decreased the number and severity of incident exacerbations without any negative influence on other infectious outcomes (incidence of pneumonia or chronic bronchial infection).

Investigation of the chronic respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of adult residents in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province

Objective: To investigate the chronic respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of adult residents in 3 towns of Hongtong County, Shanxi Province, and to explore their risk factors. Methods: The investigation of chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function status of adult residents in Hongdong County is based on the regional population of the entire county in Hongdong County. The project was initiated by the Science and Technology Department of Linfen City and coordinated by the Hongdong County Government. The investigation will be conducted in 3 townships in Hongdong County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province from April to November 2021: Demographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, smoking dust exposure and other personal history were collected through questionnaires. Physical examination, routine blood tests and lung function tests were also performed on each individual. SPSS 22.0 software was used to conduct t test, χ2 test, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test for statistical analysis of the collected information. Results: 10 945 subjects aged 18-102 years were included in the analysis, of whom 3 754 (34.3%) were male, 1 222 (11.2%) had a history of dust exposure, 7 164 (65.5%) had used straw and firewood as cooking fuel, and 3 296 (30.1%) had a history of smoking. Among the participants, 394 (3.6%), 339 (3.1%), and 1 543 (14.1%) had respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea. Statistics showed that the population with chronic respiratory symptoms was more elderly and had a smoking history, and the incidence of chronic respiratory symptoms was higher in those who smoked more than 40 packs a year (all P<0.05). Men with a history of dust exposure were more likely to suffer from chronic cough and expectoration, while emaciation and biofuel use for more than 40 years were more likely to suffer from chronic expectoration and dyspnea (all P<0.05). The median values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC in 1 second were 2.19 L/s, 3.24 L and 69.16%, respectively. Among them, the lung function of 5 801 (53.0%) respondents was lower than the expected value. The median FEV1/FVC decreased with the increase of age. The FEV1/FVC of people over 40 years old with smoking history was lower, the dust exposure history of people with decreased lung function was more than that of people with normal lung function, and the incidence of chronic expectoration and dyspnea was higher in people with decreased lung function (all P<0.05). The absolute value and ratio of eosinophils in patients with decreased ventilation function over 60 years old were significantly higher than those with normal ventilation function, but the level of body mass index (BMI) was lower (all P<0.05). Conclusion: In Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, grassroots residents have poor medical awareness, low lung function examination rate, chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function decline are associated with more risk factors. Primary medical institutions need to formulate prevention strategies and carry out lung function detection according to the actual situation, focusing on monitoring and follow-up of high-risk groups to achieve early and timely prevention, diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Eosinophil values in exacerbation and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship to maintenance therapy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent and progressive airflow limitations. The study aimed to determine the relationship between eosinophil values in patients with stable and exacerbated COPD, and the relationship of eosinophil values with two drug regimens used as maintenance therapy in stable COPD. This cross-sectional study and the variables used in this study were eosinophil counts in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Eighty-three patients with stable and exacerbated COPD were included. Stable COPD (63.9%) was predominant, with the highest degree of symptoms in group A 18 patients (34%) and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2; 35 patients (66%). The degree of COPD exacerbation was dominated by Type II COPD 15 patients (50%). Eosinophil counts in patients with stable COPD were less than 100cells/mm3 37 patients (44.6%), while in patients with COPD exacerbation, it was greater than 100cells/mm3 with a total of 30 patients (36.1%). Long acting muscarinic antagonist class of drugs was the most used treatment as maintenance therapy in stable COPD 34 patients (64.2%). The eosinophil counts in patients with COPD exacerbation were significantly higher than those in patients with stable COPD. The provision of maintenance therapy in the long acting β-2 agonist + inhaled glucocorticosteroid group of stable COPD patients was generally provided to COPD patients with eosinophil values greater than 100cells/mm3, and the provision of long-term maintenance therapy in stable COPD patients was generally given to COPD patients with eosinophil values less than 100cells/mm3.

Effect of Penicillin on Hematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats

An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. This study was designed to investigate effect of penicillin on blood parameters in female rats. Ten female Wistar rats (130 – 150 g) were grouped into control and penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) – treated groups for blood assay. The penicillin was administered orally for 50 days. Haematological assay was carried out using haemocytometer, while biochemical assay was carried out using spectrophotometry. Mean +/- SEM and student’s t-test at p&lt;0.05 were determined. Penicillin (17.14 mg/kg) significantly decreased haemoglobin and lymphocyte values, but induced significant increase in eosinophil value relative to their controls. It also significantly decreased total protein and ALP values relative to their controls. Conclusively, it can be suggested that penicillin had harmful effects on blood parameters in female Wistar rats via induction of significant reductions in hemoglobin, lymphocyte and total protein values. However, it also had advantageous effects on blood parameters in female Wistar rats via induction of significant increase in eosinophil value as well as significant decrease in ALP activity.

Alerjik rinit tanılı çocuklarda huzursuz bacak sendromunun değerlendirilmesi

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the frequency of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in children with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR).&#x0D; Material and Method: The study is case-control type. Age, gender, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), allergic rhinitis symptom score, allergic rhinitis severity, allergy tests, total IgE, eosinophil values of the case group were examined. Gender, age, height, weight and BMI were also calculated in the control group. Patients in both groups were questioned using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's (IRLSSG) questionnaire containing the latest diagnostic criteria and severity scoring revised for the pediatric age group. Neurological examination, questionnaire and RLS severity scoring results of the patients were performed by a pediatric neurologist.&#x0D; Results: In the study, the data of a total of 230 children, 115 AR cases and 115 control groups, were evaluated. The frequency of restless legs syndrome in children with allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than in the control group (15.7% and 5.2%, respectively; p=0.010). The clinical severity of RLS patients was mostly moderate in both the case and control groups [44.4% (n=8) and 50% (n=3), respectively].&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the results of our study; restless legs syndrome was observed more frequently in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to the control group.

Mide Kanserli Hastaların Hematolojik Parametre Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: Gastric cancer is a major health concern which fourth leading cause of cancer death and fifth most common cancer. It has difficulties such as having a poor prognosis and diagnoses at an advanced stage. There are studies to find prognostic indicators that are easily and less invasively obtained in gastric cancer and hematological tests are one of them. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation between hematological test and gastric cancer.&#x0D; Materials-Methods: In this study, 48 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and 45 healthy adults in the control group were examined prospectively. All participants' demographic data and laboratuary results were obtained from the hospital database and recorded.&#x0D; Results: In the gastric cancer group compared to the healthy control group, while red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HBG), hematocrit (HTC), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet distribution width (PDW), lymphocyte (LYM), eosinophil (EU) values were statistically lower, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width-standard deviation, red cell distribution width-coefficent of variation (RDW-CV), nucleated red blood cells (NRBC), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) values were observed to be statistically higher (p

INVESTIGATION OF EOSINOPHIL, LYMPHOCYTE AND MONOCYTE VALUES ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER IN INSECT BITES IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Objective: The purpose of this study was to look at the seasonal distribution, age and gender distribution, and eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte values according to age and gender in cases of insect bites that were brought to the emergency room over the course of a year. &#x0D; Materials and method: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were brought to the emergency room between 1.12.2021 and 1.12.2022 and had the ICD code W57 (Diagnosis Code - Bitten or stung by Nonvenomous Insects and Other Nonvenomous Arthropods). The following values were noted: age, gender, presenting season, CRP, Leukocyte, Platelet, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, INR, PTZ, and Aptt levels.&#x0D; Findings: The study comprised a total of 694 patients—308 females and 386 males. The patients were 39.81 16.42 years old on average. Spring saw 9.4% of the patients, summer saw 67%, and fall saw 23.6%. According to the patients' gender, there were significant differences in the eosinophil (t:-3.535; p:0.0010.01) and monocyte (t:-4.909; p:0.0010.01) values. Regarding the season in which the patients were admitted, significant differences in lymphocyte (F:7.045; p:0.0010.01) and monocyte (F:3.208; p:0.0410.05) values were discovered. When the disparities in eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte values were evaluated in relation to the patients' ages, significant differences in monocyte values were discovered (F:2.552; p:0.0270.05).&#x0D; Result: We commonly see insect bites in emergency rooms, which we can usually cure with straightforward remedies or occasionally without treatment, but in some unfortunate circumstances, we may have to deal with major issues and allergic responses (4). Almost little studies have been done on the seasonal distribution and evaluation of blood tests according to age and gender, despite the fact that there are many studies on this topic in the literature. We think that more study on this topic is necessary.

Risk Factors for Acute Rhinosinusitis in Childhood Asthma

Introduction: Specific pathogen infections associated with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in infants are risk factors for allergic asthma in adolescents. However, the risk factors for ARS onset remain largely unknown in asthmatic children. In this study, we aim to investigate the risk factors for ARS in childhood asthma. Methods: This study retrospectively compared and analyzed the clinical characteristics of asthmatic children with (n = 194) or without ARS (n = 799). Univariate regression analyses were performed to identify ARS-associated risk factors in asthmatic children, and subsequent multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors. Results: The onset age, values of blood eosinophils (EOS) (%), and total IgE were significantly lower in patients with ARS than in those without ARS. Moreover, the proportions of patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d1) and Dermatophagoides farinae (d2) were significantly smaller in children with ARS (all p values <0.05). Univariate analyses showed that an older onset age, a higher body mass index, a higher value of blood EOS (%) were protective factors, while a higher value of blood lymphocytes (%) and a higher degree of sensitization to d1 and d2 were risk factors for ARS. Further backward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed that a younger onset age and allergic sensitization to d1 were independent risk factors for ARS in childhood asthma. Conclusion: Younger onset age and allergic sensitization to d1 are risk factors for the onset of ARS in childhood asthma, so allergen intervention should be performed as early as possible in asthmatic children.

Allergen Differences and Correlation Analysis in Siblings Diagnosed with Respiratory Allergic Diseases

Introduction: Many parents of children with allergies are worried whether their subsequent children will have allergic reactions to the same allergens. Much of the current research on sibling allergens has been focused on twins; however, in real life, very few children are twins. Our study provides an opportunity to initially explore the sensitivity to allergens in siblings diagnosed with respiratory allergic diseases. Methods: Siblings diagnosed with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in the Outpatient Department of Allergy Department of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 were selected. The siblings were divided into elder group and younger group. Data of gender, age, feeding history, serum total IgE (TIgE), absolute eosinophil counts, and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) were collected and analyzed. The sIgEs of allergens were divided into six categories and analyzed. Results: A total of 98 sibling pairs of patients were included in this study. There were no differences in the positive rates of the different types of allergens, TIgE values, and the absolute eosinophil values between the elder and younger groups and between different genders. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the elder siblings allergic to dust mites, fungi, weed pollens, or food had a statistically significant increased risk of having their younger sibling sensitive to these types of allergens (all p <0.05), and the risk of allergy to dust mites, weed pollens, and tree pollens of younger group increased with age (all p <0.05). Except for the sIgE values of dust mites, the sIgE values of the other allergens were significantly correlated between the two groups (all p <0.05). Conclusion: The positive rates of different allergens were similar between siblings. Elder siblings with dust mites, fungi, weed pollen, or food allergen positivity will have younger siblings sensitive to the same types of allergens.

Validity of CBC Differential Count for Diagnosis of COVID-19

Abstract Background With rapid spreading of the outbreak of 2019-nCoV infection, the WHO announced a public health emergency of international concern. Among most common easily performed and inexpensive diagnostic procedures are Complete blood counts (CBC). Aim of the Work to evaluate efficacy of complete blood picture (CBC) in diagnosis and identifying cases of COVID-19. Patients and Methods A case control study was conducted on a total of 173 patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals during a period of three months since beginning of data collection. Patients were allocated into 2 groups according to COVID-19 PCR result: GROUP 1: Patients with COVID-19 Positive PCR; GROUP 2: Patients with COVID-19 Negative PCR. Results CBC differential count has significant value in diagnosing of covid-19 disease, many of COVID patients have lymphopenia and leucopenia in comparison to non COVID suspected patients. Conclusion The definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 was made by RT-PCR analysis, but this was a time-consuming and less accessible test. With this test, the time it takes to diagnose and treat patients can be delayed. In our study, low values of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils with a CBC test which is easily available, were found to be valuable in terms of the initial diagnosis of COVID-19.

Contribution of lowered hemoglobin threshold value in the diagnosis of polycythemia vera: Comparison of 2016 and 2008 WHO criteria.

Polycythemia vera (PV) diagnosis remains a difficult task despite various updates in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria compared to 2008 criteria. This study aimed to examine the biochemical and clinical features of patients diagnosed with PV using the WHO 2016 criteria but would have been missed by the WHO 2008 criteria, and to ascertain the impact of the lowered thresholds on PV diagnosis. A total of 229 patients with suspected myeloproliferative neoplasms were included in this cross sectional study. The study group was divided with regard to hemoglobin values. Group A consisted of 126 patients with hemoglobin values of ≤ 18.5 g/dL in males and ≤ 16.5 g/dL in females. Group B comprised 103 patients with hemoglobin values of > 18.5 g/dL in males and > 16.5 g/dL in females. The number of PV diagnoses increased to 145 from 87 (increased by 66.67%) when the 2016 diagnostic criteria were employed rather that the 2008 criteria. Mean age and the frequency of female subjects were lower in Group A compared to Group B. The groups were similar in terms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, spleen status, smoking status, and mean corpuscular volume, white blood count, neutrophil, eosinophil and platelet values. red blood cells and lactate dehydrogenase values were significantly higher, while lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in Group B. With the introduction of WHO 2016 criteria, we found a significant increase in the number of patients who were candidates for PV testing and were ultimately diagnosed with PV. These findings support the diagnostic value of the 2016 WHO criteria, and by extension, the lowered thresholds for detection of patients requiring further analysis.

The Prognostic Value of Blood Eosinophil Level in AECOPD is Influenced by Corticosteroid Treatment During Hospitalization.

Blood eosinophil is a promising biomarker for phenotyping patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of eosinophil on short- and long-term outcomes stratified by corticosteroid treatment among AECOPD inpatients. In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients hospitalized for AECOPD from July 2013 to June 2021 in Beijing, China. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. The blood eosinophil count was measured within 24h after admission. Eosinophilic AECOPD was defined as having an eosinophil percentage ≥ 2%. The study outcomes were length of stay (LOS), treatment failure, and AECOPD readmission risk within 3 years of discharge. Multivariable models were used to analyze the associations between blood eosinophil count and outcomes stratified by corticosteroid treatment during hospitalization. A total of 2406 AECOPD patients were included. The median LOS of AECOPD patients was 10 (interquartile range: 8-14) days. The eosinophil percentage was negatively associated with LOS (P-trend=0.014). Compared with the non-eosinophilic AECOPD group, the eosinophilic group had a 58% lower risk of treatment failure (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.20-0.89) in patients treated with systemic corticosteroids, but no association was observed in those treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) only (OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.60-1.52). The eosinophilic group had an increased risk of 90-day re-admission in patients treated with ICS only (HR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.00-2.29), but not in patients treated with systemic corticosteroids during hospitalization (HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.39-1.15). No statistically significant results were found for 180-day, 1-year, or 3-year readmission risk. Elevated blood eosinophils in AECOPD were associated with shorter length of stay and improved response to treatment with systemic corticosteroids, but not inhaled corticosteroids. Our study suggested that a therapeutic approach of using systemic corticosteroid may benefit patients present with eosinophilic AECOPD.

Effect of Artesunate on Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Female Wistar Rats

This study was designed to investigate effect of artesunate on blood parameters in female rats. Ten female Wistar rats (130 – 150 g) were grouped into control and artesunate (1.43 mg/kg) – treated groups for blood assay. The artesunate was administered orally for 50 days. Hematological assay was carried out using hemocytometer, while biochemical assay was carried out using spectrophotometry. Mean +/- SEM and student’s t-test at p&lt;0.05 were determined. Artesunate (1.43 mg/kg) significantly reduced RBC, platelet and lymphocyte counts when compared to their controls. It also significantly decreased total protein, ALT and ALP values relative to their controls. However, it induced no significant changes in the PCV, Hb, TWBC, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, MCV, MCHC, MCH, albumin, globulin, AST, BUN and creatinine values relative to their controls. Conclusively, it can be suggested that artesunate had both harmful and advantageous effects on blood parameters in female rats.

Risk Factors and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Damage in Hypereosinophilia

To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of cardiovascular damage in hypereosinophilia (HE). The clinical data of 62 patients with HE in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators, and the influencing factors of survival and prognosis were also analyzed. In this study, there were 34 males and 28 females, with a median age of 53.5 (20-79) years, 35 patients without cardiovascular damage, 27 patients with cardiovascular damage, including 22 patients with abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) (81.5%), 18 patients with abnormal echocardiography (ECHO) (66.7%), 9 patients with single ECG abnormality, 5 patients with single ECHO abnormality, and other 13 patients with multiple abnormalities. In cardiovascular damage group, peripheral white blood cell count, absolute value of eosinophils, troponin T (TNT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 levels at initial diagnosis were significantly higher than those in the non-cardiovascular damage group (P <0.01), while hemoglobin, IL-2 and interferon-γ levels were significantly lower (P <0.01). There were no significant differences in age, sex, course of disease, etiological classification, platelet count, serum creatine kinase, serum creatine kinase isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase between the two groups (P >0.05). The 5-year overal survival rate of patients with cardiovascular damage was 88.9%, and that of patients without cardiovascular damage was 100%, the difference was statistically significant (P =0.012). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of patients with cardiovascular damage was 59.3%, and the median time was 37 (21-52) months, while that of patients without cardiovascular damage was 80%, and the median time was 63 (51-74) months (P =0.002). Age (>60 years old), course of disease (>24 months), NT-proBNP (>3 000 pg/ml), TNT (>100 ng/L), elevated IL-4 and IL-5 were associated with EFS shortening in patients with cardiovascular damage, which were independent risk factors for EFS. The EFS rate in HE patients without cardiovascular damage is significantly higher than patients with cardiovascular damage. Age, course of disease, NT-proBNP, TNT, IL-4 and IL-5 are independent risk factors affecting EFS of patients with cardiovascular damage.

Evaluation of Haematological Parameters and Uric Acid in the Diagnosis of Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis.

Introduction A number of parameters studied in a whole blood count can be helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a systemic inflammatory marker in early sepsis and has been used as a diagnostic indicator in cardiovascular events and cancer. Being one of the major antioxidants in human biological fluids, serum uric acid is responsible for neutralising free radicals. The red cell distribution width/platelet ratio (RPR) is a diagnostic marker in adult inflammatory diseases. The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship of late neonatal sepsis with whole blood count parameters and serum uric acid levels. Materials and methods Newborns older than postnatal three days who had clinical and laboratory findings of sepsis were included in the study. The study included 140 newborns who were divided into three groups, 53 in the culture-proven late sepsis group, 47 in the clinical sepsis group, and 40 in the healthy control group. The whole blood count parameters and serum uric acid levels were examined in both the clinical sepsis and proven sepsis patients at the time when they were diagnosed with sepsis. Results The birth week was significantly lower in the evidenced and clinical sepsis patients compared to the healthy control group. Development of late sepsis was significantly higher in the male gender than in healthy controls. Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher in proven or clinical sepsis than in healthy controls. The level of serum uric acid (3.77±1.6) in proven sepsis was significantly higher than the control group (2.83±1.1). The uric acid level had an area under the curve (AUC) 0.552-0.717, 35% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 94.6% positive predictive value (PPV), and 36.9% negative predictive value (NPV) in the diagnosis of proven and clinical late sepsis. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in proven sepsis than in healthy newborns and was higher in the clinical sepsis group than in the proven sepsis group (p: 0.002). While the mean eosinophil value was 618.5±472.1 in proven sepsis, it was 549.3±294.9 in the control group and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p: 0.036). Conclusion In late-onset neonatal sepsis, the NLR level was higher, and the eosinophil level was lower in the clinical sepsis patients than in healthy newborns. We believe that a higher level of serum uric acid in sepsis is effective in the early diagnosis of patients who also had other clinical findings of sepsis.

Is peripheral blood immunophenotyping useful to understand the etiology of Idiopathic Granulomatous?

BackgroundThe etiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) has not been clearly established. However, autoimmunity has recently become popular in etiopathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the immunophenotyping of immune cells to help clarify the etiopathogenesis of the disease. MethodsPatients with IGM and healthy volunteers were included in the study. Patients were divided into active and remission groups based on their disease status. The ratios of total T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, and monocyte subtypes were measured using flow cytometry. In addition, age, complete blood count for leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts, and the smoking status of all volunteers were evaluated. ResultsA total of 33 volunteers, including 11 patients with active IGM, 10 patients with remission IGM, and 12 healthy volunteers, were included in the study. The neutrophil, eosinophil, neutrophil/lymphocyte, and non-classical monocyte values were significantly higher in IGM patients than in healthy volunteers. Additionally, the CD4+ CD25+ CD127- regulatory T cell was significantly lower in IGM patients than in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, neutrophil, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, CD4+ CD25+ CD127- regulatory T cells, and non-classical monocytes showed significant differences when IGM patients were divided into active and remission groups. IGM patients had higher smoking rates, but this was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe changes in many cell types evaluated in our study were similar to the cell profiles of some autoimmune diseases. This could provide minor evidence to suggest that IGM is an autoimmune granulomatous disease with a local course.

Risk factors for fluoropyrimidine-induced cardiotoxicity in colorectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study and establishment of a prediction nomogram for 5-FU induced cardiotoxicity.

Fluoropyrimidine is an important component of systemic chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluoropyrimidine-induced cardiotoxicity (FIC) may result in delay and discontinuation of chemotherapy and, in severe cases, can even be life-threatening. To date, risk factors for FIC have not been well identified. This cohort study aimed to identify the predictors of FIC in CRC patients and develop a risk prediction nomogram model. Between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020, colorectal cancer patients who received 5-fluoropyrimidine(5-Fu)/capecitabine-based chemotherapy in Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University were included. FIC was defined as an adverse cardiovascular event related to fluoropyrimidine that occurred during or within four weeks of completing chemotherapy. Risk factors were determined by LASSO algorithm and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Nomogram for predicting 5-Fu-induced cardiotoxicity was established and internally validated. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the nomogram's discrimination and accuracy. A total of 916 patients were included for analysis, and 200 [21.8%,95% confidence interval (CI):19.12%-24.47%] experienced FIC. LASSO algorithm and multivariate logistic regression analysis determined that chemotherapy ≤3 cycles (OR=4.694, 95%CI=3.184-6.92), age≥ 60 (OR=1.678, 95%CI=1.143-2.464), BMI>22.97 (OR=1.77, 95%CI=1.202-2.606), and simultaneous use of bevacizumab (OR=2.922, 95%CI=1.835-4.653) were significant risk factors, and were included in the prediction model for 5-Fu induced cardiotoxicity. The C-index (95%CI) was 0.751 (0.706-0.795) by internal validation. For patients treated with capecitabine-based regimen, the incidence of FIC increased with the absolute value of neutrophils (OR=5.177, 95%CI=1.684-15.549) and eosinophils (OR=3.377,95% CI=1.237-9.22). Our study identified risk factors for FIC and established a prediction nomogram model based on chemotherapy cycle, age, BMI and use of target therapy for 5-FU induced Cardiotoxicity. The discriminative prediction model can be used for patient counselling and risk-stratification before undergoing chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.