Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Granules Research Articles

Testicular granular cell tumor of two rabbits: case reports

Granular cell tumor was described in the testis of two rabbits. Testis from each rabbit was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. Both testes were about 2.0 cm in diameter, firm, and tan. Microscopically, testicular mass consisted of compact sheets of round to polygonal and occasional spindle-shaped cells. The neoplastic cells contain a large amount of eosinophilic granular material in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were positive for periodic acid Schiff stain. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to Melan-A and vimentin. Based on these results, the testicular mass was diagnosed as a granular cell tumor.

Morphological characteristics of SETD2-mutated locally advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Comparison with BAP1-mutated clear cell renal cell carcinoma

SET-domain containing 2 (SETD2) and BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1), both chromatin remodeling genes, are frequently mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Herein, we studied clinicopathologic features of 7 cases of locally advanced ccRCC with single SETD2 mutation, and compared to 7 cases of locally advanced ccRCC with single BAP1 mutation. SETD2-mutated ccRCC showed high-grade transformation, comprising of enlarged tumor cells with voluminous clear cytoplasm, enlarged irregular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules, arranged in various architectural patterns such as large nested, tubular, tubulopapillary and solid. 71 % (5 of 7 cases) of SETD2-mutated ccRCC showed a rhabdoid morphology. SETD2-mutated ccRCC have striking propensity for invasive growth; all cases have vascular invasion and perirenal (extracapsular) adipose tissue invasion. After nephrectomy, distant metastasis was found in 67 % (4 of 7 cases) of patients with SETD2-mutated ccRCC. The most common metastatic site was the lung (3 cases), followed by precaval lymph nodes (1 case). BAP1-mutated ccRCC also showed a similar high-grade morphology, with rhabdoid and/or sarcomatoid features. Their high-grade features mostly overlapped with those of SETD2-mutated ccRCC, which makes difficult to predict the presence of BAP1 or SETD2 mutation solely from morphology. These findings justify the use of molecular testing to detect these mutations, especially when we encounter high-grade ccRCC. Detecting SETD2 and BAP1 mutation in ccRCC is useful for risk stratification and proper therapeutic strategy.

Immunohistochemical study of autophagy associated molecules and cell adhesion molecules in canine intracranial granular cell tumors

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are characterized by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. Based on the hypothesis that canine intracranial GCT is a subtype of meningioma and its cytoplasmic granules are formed through autophagy processes, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were performed on biopsy samples from 7 cases of canine intracranial GCTs and 15 cases of conventional meningiomas. Histopathologically, 7/7 cases of GCTs involved the meninges; foci of meningothelial-like cells were observed in 3/7 cases; brain invasion was observed in 2/7 cases. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of GCTs were positive for E-cadherin and negative for S100, cytokeratin, CD204, and β-catenin in 7/7 cases. Neoplastic cells of 15/15 cases of meningiomas were positive for E-cadherin, and negative for S100 and CD204. Immunoreactivity of meningiomas for cytokeratin and β-catenin was observed in 6/15 cases and 8/15 cases, respectively. Cytoplasmic granules of GCTs were positive for ubiquitin (5/7), p62 (5/7), and LC3 (7/7). Compared to GCTs, the ratios of ubiquitin (6/15) and p62 (3/15) positive cases were lower in meningiomas, and 15/15 cases were negative for LC3. These findings indicate that the biological natures of GCTs including anatomical location, histopathological features and immunoreactivity for E-cadherin are almost in conformity with those of meningiomas. The immunoreactivity for autophagy associated molecules may suggest the possible involvement of autophagy in cytoplasmic granule formation of canine intracranial GCTs.

Granular Cell Tumor of the Breast: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon neoplasm arising from perineural Schwann cells that can arise anywhere in the body and is particularly rare in the breast. Imaging typically shows an irregular, noncalcified mass with high density on mammography and intense posterior shadowing on US that mimics malignancy. Benign GCTs can be locally aggressive and invade the skin or chest wall. Core biopsy is necessary for diagnosis. Polygonal- to spindle-shaped cells with prominent cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules show S-100 and CD68 staining on immunohistochemistry and lack cytokeratin, estrogen, or progesterone expression. The vast majority of GCTs are benign, albeit locally infiltrative, tumors cured by wide local excision.

RARE CASE OF AN INTRAORAL COMBINED NEVUS

A 13-year-old female patient was referred by her dentist for evaluation of a 5-mm, asymptomatic, black macule in the right buccal mucosa. The patient was unaware of the lesion, and her medical history was noncontributory. A clinical diagnosis of oral melanocytic nevus was made, and the patient was treated by excisional biopsy under local anesthesia. The histologic analysis revealed a proliferation of nevoid cells, organized in small groups and composed of large epithelioid cells with eosinophilic, clear, or dark-brown cytoplasmic melanin granules presenting loose chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and nuclear pleomorphism. In the deeper areas, fusiform nevoid cells presenting dark nuclei with condensed chromatin and dark brown-pigmented cytoplasm were seen intermingled with dense connective tissue. Mitoses were not detected. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of intramucosal combined nevus composed of Spitz and blue nevus was made. No signs of recurrence were observed after 19 months of follow-up. A 13-year-old female patient was referred by her dentist for evaluation of a 5-mm, asymptomatic, black macule in the right buccal mucosa. The patient was unaware of the lesion, and her medical history was noncontributory. A clinical diagnosis of oral melanocytic nevus was made, and the patient was treated by excisional biopsy under local anesthesia. The histologic analysis revealed a proliferation of nevoid cells, organized in small groups and composed of large epithelioid cells with eosinophilic, clear, or dark-brown cytoplasmic melanin granules presenting loose chromatin, prominent nucleoli, and nuclear pleomorphism. In the deeper areas, fusiform nevoid cells presenting dark nuclei with condensed chromatin and dark brown-pigmented cytoplasm were seen intermingled with dense connective tissue. Mitoses were not detected. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of intramucosal combined nevus composed of Spitz and blue nevus was made. No signs of recurrence were observed after 19 months of follow-up.

Carcinoid tumor of gallbladder in a dog

A 7-year-old female mixed-breed dog was presented to a veterinary clinic for pyometra. During abdominal ultrasonography, an abnormal finding was noted in the gallbladder. A cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the gallbladder wall was thickened with a polypoid nodular projection into the lumen. Microscopically, the polyp consisted of a solid sheet of round to polygonal-shaped cells that formed small packets with fibrovascular septa. The neoplastic cells contained abundant cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive to chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase, whereas they were negative to vimentin and cytokeratin. This case was diagnosed as a primary gallbladder carcinoid tumor. Keywords: dog, gallbladder, tumor, carcinoid, neuroendocrine

Eosinophilic metaplasia in transurethral resection of the prostate

To investigate prostatic eosinophilic metaplasia (EM) in a large series of cases and their relationship with the basic prostate pathology in TURP-material: benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), National Institutes of Health category IV prostatitis (also called histologic prostatitis or HP), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). The relation between EM and basic prostate pathology: BPH, PCa, and HP. Around 61 consecutive TURP-specimens were reviewed for the presence of EM. The tissue sections were stained routinely with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), and periodic acid-Schiff's procedure. Simultaneously BPH, HP, and PCa were evaluated. We found EM in 55.7% of TURP-specimens. EM is located more often in the ductal epithelium (58.8%) and is usually focal (73.5%) and in small groups (88.2%) of secretory luminal cells. They are associated with BPH and with a variable degree of HP in all cases. However, there is no association with PCa. Eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in EM are better visualized with HPS. Zones induced by tissue electrocoagulation which mimic EM, are seen in the periphery of TURP-fragments. EM in prostate is presented by the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in benign secretory epithelium. The study presents the first attempt to investigate EM in a large series of patients. Our results enrich the available information about the histoepidemiology of prostatic EM. Moreover, EM is more common in a focal lesion, found in small groups of ductal secretory epithelial cells while EM in TURP-specimens is associated with BPH and HP in all the cases.

Meningeal Granular Cell Tumour in a Green Tree Python (Morelia viridis)

Granular cell tumours (GCTs) are uncommon neoplasms mostly reported in man, dogs and horses. The origin of GCT is thought to be Schwann cells, with the associated characteristics of neural crest morphology. Neoplastic cells often demonstrate positive immunoreactivity for S100, LC3, vimentin and p62. They are also periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive and diastase resistant. A female green tree python (Morelia viridis) was presented for severe constipation and hyporexia of 4 month's duration and, despite treatment, died the next day. A 4.8×3.4mm intracalvarial GCT was identified, compressing the overlying cerebrum without invasion. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to S100 and had brightly eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that were PAS positive and diastase resistant. Electron microscopy revealed numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes in neoplastic cells. GCTs are reported rarely in non-mammalian species with three reports in birds. This represents the first report of a GCT in a reptile.

Invasive Mammary Carcinoma With Paneth Cell–Like Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Granules: Is It an Entity?

Abstract Breast carcinomas with Paneth cell–like eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules are rare and commonly reported in association with acinic cell carcinoma or microglandular adenosis. Paneth cell–like differentiation has been described outside the GI tract, including lung, liver, pancreas, lacrimal glands, and prostate. Very little is known about the significance of these granules and whether they represent a metaplastic or possibly a therapy-related change. There are only 45 reported cases involving the breast, mostly individual case reports or 2 to 3 case series. Although the clinical experience is limited, most of the reported cases seem clinically indolent. Here we present a 74-year-old female with a mammographically detected 1.1-cm left breast retroareolar mass for which she underwent a biopsy and subsequent lumpectomy with axillary dissection. Histology revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma, with Paneth cell–like eosinophilic PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules in the background of extensive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Similar granules were seen in some ducts involved by DCIS. Invasive carcinoma and DCIS were present throughout the 5.5-cm lumpectomy beyond the grossly measured 4.0-cm mass. There was extensive lymphovascular invasion and tumor was present at all the surgical resection margins. Twelve of the 13 axillary lymph nodes had macrometastases. The tumor was ER and PR positive and HER2 negative. Clinically, there were extensive bony metastases involving the skull, spine, sternum, iliac bones, and femur. There were also multiple lung nodules and mediastinal lymph nodes that were positive for metastasis on biopsy. The patient is still undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy 6 months following surgical excision. Our case demonstrates the heterogeneity of this entity as the clinical course in our patient has been very aggressive. A collaborative effort must be established to compile a larger case series to better our understanding of this increasingly reported histological observation and whether it represents a distinct entity.

Expression of MUC1 in eosinophilic metaplasia of the prostate.

Eosinophilic metaplasia (EM) in the prostate is characterized by the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in benign prostatic epithelium. These granules show exocrine-type morphology and positive expression for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and some lysosomal markers. The nature and the full immunohistochemical profile of the granules of EM have not been studied in detail yet. The aim of the current study is to investigate the expression of epithelial mucins (MUCs) in prostatic epithelium with EM. Twenty specimens from transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were reviewed for the presence of EM and were stained with Periodic acid-Schiff's procedure with diastase digestion (PAS.D) and immunostained with PSA and MUCs: MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. The EM-foci of all prostate glands are PAS.D, PSA positive and show constant immunoreactivity for MUC1. The expression of MUC1 is with membranous and cytoplasmic localization: predominantly apical with membranous accentuation in the cases of EM with large eosinophilic granules, and perinuclear in EM with small eosinophilic granules. There is no expression of other MUCs (MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) in prostatic EM. We report for the first time that eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in prostatic EM are MUC1 positive and can vary in size. Based on our immunohistochemical study we suggest that EM of the prostate is not a form of mucinous metaplasia. The present results enrich the available information about the immunophenotype of EM. We assume that MUC1 might serve as a reliable and constant, although nonspecific, immunohistochemical marker of benign EM-phenotype.

Spontaneous globule leukocyte tumor accompanied by inflammatory cells in a Wistar Hannover rat

We encountered hematolymphoid neoplastic lesions in the form of many nodules in the spleen and liver in a 110-week-old male Wistar Hannover rat (Crl:WI (Han)). The lesions contained atypical proliferative cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. The proliferative cells comprised various atypical cell types with or without cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules. The granules were positively stained using periodic acid-Schiff and elastase stains, were bluish purple using phosphotungstic acid and hematoxylin, and showed no metachromasia using toluidine blue. In immunohistochemical staining, the proliferative cells with or without granules were positive for granzyme B, rat mast cell protease II, and Ki67. Electron microscopic examination revealed that single to multiple high-density granules of variable size were covered by a membrane. These findings led to a diagnosis of globule leukocyte tumor. The accompaniment of this tumor by inflammatory cells is likely evoked by mast cell-like active mediators contained in the granules of the globule leukocytes.

Hypo-androgen adrenocortical oncocytoma: 1 case report and literature review

Objective To analysis the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of adrenal eosinophilic tumor with low testosterone levels. Methods The clinical data of a 22 years old male patient with adrenal eosinophilic tumor and low testosterone levels was analyzed. Blood pressure was 151/88 mmHg. The patient got bilateral gynecomastia. His bilateral testicular was soft and became smaller, with short penisr. Endocrine examination results showed: Estradiol 666 pg/ml, Prolactin 19.08 ng/ml, Testosterone 0.18 ng/ml, follicle stimulating hormone <0.2 U/L. The CT showed the mass density of soft tissue in the left adrenal region with diameter 7 cm, which was inhomogeneous and enhanced. There were many small vessels enhanced in the CT arterial phase, and the blood flow in the tumor was abundant. Clinical diagnosis of left adrenal tumor was pheochromocytoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic left adrenal tumor resection. The left adrenal gland was located in the superior pole of the left kidney, and there was an independent supply of the artery. Results Pathological result showed the tumor weigh was 60 g, 7 cm in diameter and brown in section. The tumor cells were arranged in solid nests or acini, with more eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm. The nuclei was round and the nucleoli was located in the center, had clusters of pleomorphic and clustered cells. The tumor was wrapped in a thick fibrous envelope, mainly consisted of eosinophils, granulation tissue. There was no necrosis, mitosis, and vascular invasion. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of CD56 and syn protein was positive. Pathological diagnosis was left adrenal eosinophilic tumor. After 4 months, the blood testosterone levels rose to 3.90 ng/ml, the blood pressure returned to normal(118/75 mmhg). The estradiol(21 pg/ml) was significantly inhibited. The patient began to appear beards and breasts became smaller. There were no signs of clinical or imaging recurrence. After 16 months follow-up, serum testosterone was 4.68 ng/ml and serum estrogen levels dropped to 33 pg/ml. Semen routine showed no sperm. Conclusions The clinical morbidity of functional adrenocortical oncocytoma with low testosterone levels and high estradiol levels is low. The pathological components are mainly eosinophilic granulation tissue. The adrenocortical oncocytoma are rare and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Clinical manifestation, imaging examination and adrenal biochemistry examination should be considered to determine the localization and qualitative of tumor. Minimally invasive surgery is an effective treatment. The close follow-up after operation is essential. Key words: Adrenal neoplasm; Oncocytoma; Androgen; Sex hormone abnormality

Identification of a Novel Subset of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells During Chronic Staphylococcal Infection That Resembles Immature Eosinophils.

We have previously reported that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which are a heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive immature myeloid cells, expanded during chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection and promoted bacterial persistence by inhibiting effector T cells. Two major MDSC subsets, including monocytic MDSC and granulocytic MDSC, have been described to date. Here, we identified a new subset of MDSC (Eo-MDSC) in S. aureus-infected mice that phenotypically resembles eosinophils. Eo-MDSC exhibit eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules and express CD11b, the eosinophil marker Syglec-F, variable levels of CCR3, and low levels of interleukin-5Rα. Furthermore, Eo-MDSC accumulated at the site of infection and exerted a potent immunosuppressive effect on T-cell responses that was mediated by nitric oxide-dependent depletion of l-arginine. Increases in the number of Eo-MDSC by adoptive transfer caused a significant exacerbation of infection in S. aureus-infected mice. This study sheds new light on the heterogeneity and complexity of MDSC during chronic infection.

Newly Described Entities in Salivary Gland Pathology.

Salivary glands may give rise to a wide spectrum of different tumors. This review concentrates on 4 salivary gland tumors that have been accepted in the recent literature as new neoplastic entities: mammary analog secretory carcinoma, cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CASG), sclerosing polycystic adenosis/adenoma (SPA), and the mucinous/secretory variant of myoepithelioma. Mammary analog secretory carcinoma is a distinctive low-grade malignant salivary cancer that harbors a characteristic chromosomal translocation, t(12;15) (p13;q25), resulting in an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Cribriform adenocarcinoma (CASG) is a distinct tumor entity that differs from polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma by location (ie, most often arising on the tongue), by prominent nuclear clearing, differing alterations of the PRKD gene family, and clinical behavior with frequent metastases at the time of presentation of the primary tumor. Early nodal metastatic disease is seen in most cases of CASG; yet, they are still associated with indolent clinical behavior, making it a unique neoplasm among all low-grade salivary gland tumors. SPA is a rare sclerosing tumor of the salivary glands characterized by the combination of cystic ductal structures with variable cell lining including vacuolated, apocrine, mucinous, squamous, and foamy cells, by prominent large acinar cells with coarse eosinophilic cytoplasmic zymogen-like granules, and by closely packed ductal structures, surrounded by a peripheral myoepithelial layer and stromal fibrosis with focal inflammatory infiltrates. SPA frequently harbors intraductal epithelial dysplastic proliferations ranging from mild dysplasia to severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Moreover, SPA has been proven to be a clonal process by HUMARA assay and is associated with considerable risk of recurrence. Therefore, on the basis of all these newly recognized findings, we believe that SPA is likely a neoplasm, and we suggest the name "sclerosing polycystic adenoma." The mucinous variant of myoepithelioma is a myoepithelial tumor with foci of prominent cytoplasmic clearing frequently containing intracellular mucin material and having signet-ring morphology.

Indolent NK cell proliferative lesion mimicking NK/T cell lymphoma in the gallbladder

Natural killer (NK) cell-associated lymphoproliferative disorder includes NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type and aggressive NK cell leukemia which exhibit poor outcomes. However, benign NK cell proliferative lesion has been recognized in the gastrointestinal tract under the name of NK-cell enteropathy or lymphomatoid gastropathy. We report a case of a similar CD56-positive NK-cell proliferative disorder involving the gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract in a 33-year-old woman who presented with chronic cholecystitis and underwent cholecystectomy. The gallbladder showed a few scattered polyps which were infiltrated by medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. On immunohistochemistry, the lymphoid cells were positive for CD2, CD56, T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1, and granzyme B, but negative for CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD20, CD30, CD34, CD68 and myeloperoxidase. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus-encoded RNA was negative and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement was polyclonal. The patient is under close observation for 36months without any evidence of lymphoma.

Indolent CD56-Positive Clonal T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease of the Stomach Mimicking Lymphomatoid Gastropathy.

Natural killer (NK)- or T-cell lymphomas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are uncommon, accounting for less than 10% of all malignant lymphomas arising in the GI tract [1]. According to the third national survey by the Hematopathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), is the most common type, followed by extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasaltype (ENKL). Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is rare [1]. Malignant lymphoma of T and NK lineage is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis [2]. Recently, two indolent forms of mature T- or NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD) of the GI tract have drawn the attention of pathologists. One is indolent NK cell proliferative lesion of the stomach and intestine reported under the name of lymphomatoid gastropathy [3] or NK-cell enteropathy [4]. The lesion is often self-limited, even when left untreated. Histological findings have been described as dense infiltration of lymphoid cells with mild to moderate atypia and peculiar eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules [3]. Frequently, there are lymphoepithelial lesion-like changes with or without necrosis. All cases published previously have been positive for both cytoplasmic CD3 and CD56 and negative for CD4 and CD8. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement is polyclonal [3-5], and unlike ENKL, infiltrating cells were negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The other form of indolent T- or NK-cell LPD of the GI tract is a clonal T-cell proliferative disease involving the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon [6]. The lesion shows a superficial and nondestructive lymphoid infiltrate that occasionally extends into the muscularis mucosae and submucosa. Infiltrating cells are small T-cells, which are CD4+ or CD8+ or uncommonly CD4–/CD8–phenotype [6-9]. CD56 and EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) are negative, and TCR gene rearrangement has been monoclonal in all cases reported so far. Unlike indolent NK-cell proliferative lesions, indolent T-cell LPD does not spontaneously regress, but is persistent without progression [6,9]. These two indolent entities can be easily mistaken as aggressive T- or NK-cell lymphoma; therefore, recognition of these entities is important to avoid unnecessary aggressive chemotherapy. Herein we report, to our knowledge, the first Korean case of indolent T-cell LPD of the stomach with expression of CD56.

The origin and role of autophagy in the formation of cytoplasmic granules in canine lingual granular cell tumors.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are histologically characterized by polygonal neoplastic cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. In humans, these cells are considered to be derived from Schwann cells, and the cytoplasmic granules are assumed to be autophagosomes or autophagolysosomes. However, the origin and nature of the cytoplasmic granules in canine GCTs have not been well characterized. The present study examined 9 canine lingual GCTs using immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cell culture and xenotransplantation experiments. In some cases, the tumor cells expressed S100, CD133, and desmin. The cytoplasmic granules were positive for LC3, p62, NBR1, and ubiquitin. TEM revealed autophagosome-like structures in the cytoplasm of the granule-containing cells. The cultured GCT cells were round to spindle shaped and expressed S100, nestin, Melan-A, CD133, LC3, p62, NBR1, and ubiquitin, suggesting that they were of neural crest origin, redifferentiated into melanocytes, and exhibited upregulated autophagy. The xenotransplanted tumors consisted of spindle to polygonal cells. Only a few cells contained cytoplasmic granules, and some had melanin pigments in their cytoplasm. The xenotransplanted cells expressed S100, nestin, Melan-A, and CD133. P62 and ubiquitin were detected, regardless of the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules, while LC3 and NBR1 were detected only in the neoplastic cells containing cytoplasmic granules. These findings suggest that some xenotransplanted cells redifferentiated into melanocytes and that autophagy was upregulated in the cytoplasmic granule-containing cells. In conclusion, canine lingual GCTs originate from the neural crest and develop cytoplasmic granules via autophagy. In addition, the microenvironment of GCT cells affects their morphology.

Basophils are elevated in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without aspirin sensitivity

Basophils are elevated in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without aspirin sensitivity

Ependymosarcoma with eosinophilic granular cells

Ependymosarcoma is a new entity of malignant gliomas composed of ependymal and sarcomatous components. Were port a rare case of ependymosarcoma with eosinophlic cells which occurred to the right trigon of the lateral ventricle.A 62-year-old man complained of headaches over a 2-month period. A hard, gray mass was found in the right trigon of the lateral ventricle during the operation.Although he received radiation and chemotherapy, the patient died due to tumor disseminating through the whole brain within 7 months after the operation. The histological examination revealed that the anaplastic glial components intermingled with the sarcomatous components. Immunohistochemically, sarcomatous cells were positive for α smooth muscle actin and desmin. However, anaplasticglial cells were not positive for these markers. In addition, Masson trichrome stain showed a plethora of collagen fibers between sarcomatous cells, but no collagen fibers were produced by the glial tumor cells. Solid focal papillary lesions of the glial tumor showed dot-like epithelial membrane antigen and diffuse cytoplasmic D2-40 immunoreactivity. Based on the above findings, these anaplastic glial tumor cells should show focal ependymal differentiation, and sarcomatous cells show myofibroblastic differentiation. In addition, almost 10%of the tumor cells in the neoplasm showed bright eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm. These cytoplasmic eosinophilic granules and bundles were negative on PAS staining. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules of tumor cells were strongly positive for αB-crystallin, HSP 27 and GFAP, respectively. These findings suggest that the clinicopathological characteristics of the present case should be consistent with the criterion of ependymosarcoma by Rodriguez et al.

Reliable identification of transition zone prostatic adenocarcinoma in preoperative needle core biopsy

Prostatic adenocarcinomas arising within the transition zone (Tz) are distinct from peripheral zone (Pz) tumors as regards biological aggression and mechanism of extraprostatic extension. Reliable biopsy identification of Tz tumors would allow targeted surgical approaches more likely to preserve erectile function without compromising surgical margins. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules (prostate secretory granules, or PSGs) after glutaraldehye fixation, with apparent depletion in neoplasia. We investigated PSG content, columnar cells, pale cytoplasm, and luminal secretions of both Pz and Tz tumors in 44 radical prostatectomies (RPs) and 135 biopsies fixed with gluteraldehyde-based fixative. Retention of PSG is characteristic of Tz carcinoma and infrequently seen in Pz tumors, and a combination of PSG greater than 30% with either columnar cells, pale cells, or secretions in biopsies is a reliable marker for Tz origin. When these criteria were prospectively applied to 3929 cases with follow-up RP, 510 Tz tumors were correctly identified on biopsy (sensitivity, 21.4%; specificity, 97.4%). Biopsy-identified Tz tumors had higher volumes (mean, 3.48 versus 1.81 cm(3); P < .001) and higher rates of margin positivity (22.5% versus 17.5%; P = .008) than did Tz tumors not identified preoperatively. Mean Tz tumor length in biopsies was 2.0 mm, with no correlation between tumor volume at RP and tumor length on biopsy. Tz tumors are reliably identified on biopsy, based on a combination of PSG retention with either columnar cells, pale cells, or secretion. Biopsy-identified Tz tumors may not be suitable for active surveillance because of an associated high probability of large tumor volume and increased risk of positive margins at RP.