Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Research Articles

Genetic variations in bitter and sweet taste receptors in Taiwanese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Genetic variations of bitter and sweet taste receptors have been related to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we attempted to explore the genetic variations of bitter and sweet taste receptors in Taiwanese CRS patients. Five hundred and sixty-six CRS patients and 5,660 control subjects were selected from participants in the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative. Amongst the 566 CRS patients, 186 were with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), while the other 380 were without (CRSsNP). Surgical specimens obtained from 292 CRS patients revealed that 177 were eosinophilic CRS, with the other 115 being non-eosinophilic CRS. There were 591,048 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for analysis in all the eligible subjects, including 2 bitter taste receptor SNPs (rs713598, rs10246939) and 1 sweet taste receptor SNP (rs35874116). The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of rs713598, rs10246939 and rs35874116 were 0.298, 0.297 and 0.078 for CRS patients and 0.306, 0.306 and 0.087 for the control subjects, were 0.301. 0.301 and 0.067 in CRSwNP patients, and 0.295, 0.295 and 0.084 in CRSsNP patients, and were 0.302, 0.302 and 0.085 in the eosinophilic CRS patients, and 0.283,0.287 and 0.087 in the non-eosinophilic CRS patients. The MAFs of rs713598, rs10246939 and rs35874116 were not significantly different between CRS patients and control subjects, between CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients, and between eosinophilic CRS and non-eosinophilic CRS patients. We did not find an association between three variants of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 and the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 and Taiwanese CRS patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Differential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in human paranasal sinus mucosa in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as a primary receptor for invasion. This study investigated angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression in the sinonasal mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, as this could be linked to a susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. Ethmoid sinus specimens were obtained from 27 patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, 18 with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and 18 controls. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and other inflammatory cytokine and chemokine messenger RNA levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 positive cells were examined immunohistologically. The eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients showed a significant decrease in angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 messenger RNA expression. In the chronic rhinosinusitis patients, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 messenger RNA levels were positively correlated with tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β (r = 0.4971 and r = 0.3082, respectively), and negatively correlated with eotaxin-3 (r = -0.2938). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 immunoreactivity was mainly localised in the ciliated epithelial cells. Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients with type 2 inflammation showed decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression in their sinus mucosa. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 regulation was positively related to pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially tumour necrosis factor-α production, in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Pulmonary function in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis

ObjectiveThere is a close relationship between upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. Chronic rhinosinusitis patients frequently have lung diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis is considered a refractory and intractable subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis. However, there has been no report on pulmonary function in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study is to examine the pulmonary function in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients, and evaluate clinical factors associated with the pulmonary function of these patients. MethodsPulmonary function was measured in 53 patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with asthma, 58 patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis without asthma, and 30 patients with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis was based on the definition in the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2012. Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis was diagnosed based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) scoring system. The relationship between pulmonary function and clinical parameters was assessed. These parameters included radiographic severity of chronic rhinosinusitis, peripheral blood eosinophil percentage, serum total immunoglobulin E level, and eosinophilic infiltration in nasal polyps. ResultsThe pulmonary function of the patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis was significantly affected. The eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients had more peripheral airway obstruction as compared to the patients with non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. ConclusionOur findings indicated latent obstructive lung function changes in the eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis should be carefully monitored in order to detect lung diseases.

IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients

BackgroundEosinophilic chronic frontal sinusitis is difficult to treat compared with non-eosinophilic sinusitis because of recurring inflammation and polyp formation in the frontal recess after the post-operative follow-up period. Studying inflammatory mediators in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS) patients may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic frontal sinusitis.MethodsHomogenates of sinonasal mucosa from 20 non-ECRS patients and 36 ECRS patients were measured for levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using real-time RT-PCR and TaqMan gene expression assays. Sinonasal mucosal specimens were obtained from the frontal recess, ethmoid sinus, and nasal polyp separately.ResultsThe expression of IL-5 was significantly elevated in all sinonasal regions tested in the ECRS group, but absent in non-ECRS patients. Furthermore, the ECRS patients showed significantly increased levels of IL-5 in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa. IL-6 was also significantly increased in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa and nasal polyps in these patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β or iNOS between the ECRS and non-ECRS groups in any sinonasal region tested.ConclusionsThis study is the first to characterize the cytokine milieu in the frontal recess of ECRS patients. We should keep these cytokine profiles in mind when we treat ECRS patients with frontal sinusitis.

Reduction of blood eosinophil counts in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis after surgery.

This study aimed to predict eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis prognosis by investigating changes in the blood eosinophil count and other disease biomarkers after surgery. Blood eosinophil numbers and serum interleukin-5 levels were measured in 22 eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and compared with equivalent measures in non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients and chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps patients. Differences between well-controlled eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients and those who experienced recurrence were also assessed. Blood eosinophil numbers and serum interleukin-5 level decreased after surgery in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients. In this patient group, blood eosinophil counts before surgery were significantly higher in patients who experienced recurrence (825.7 ± 26.1 vs 443.9 ± 76.6 cells/μl, p < 0.05), and decreased significantly after surgery (825.7 ± 26.1 vs 76.7 ± 25.8 cells/μl, p < 0.05). Blood eosinophil numbers may reflect disease severity in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients and their prognosis after surgery.

好酸球性副鼻腔炎は、都市部に多く、増加しているのか？

好酸球性副鼻腔炎は、都市部に多く、増加しているのか？

Efficacy of omalizumab in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients with asthma

Efficacy of omalizumab in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients with asthma

Eotaxin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 immunoreactivity and protein concentration in the nasal polyps of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by the accumulation of numerous eosinophils in the sinus mucosa and nasal polyps, which are frequently difficult to control, even with surgery. The present study was designed to evaluate the expression and localization of eotaxins, which are well known to be potent and selective chemoattractants for eosinophils in CRS. Randomized study. The patients were classified into eosinophilic and noneosinophilic groups. Histopathological profiles of the nasal polyp were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Eotaxin-1, -2, and -3 were immunohistochemically stained in the nasal polyps. Furthermore, the protein content of eotaxin subtypes inside the nasal polyp and sinus effusion was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the nasal polyps, immunoreactivities of the eotaxin subfamily, eotaxin-1, -2, and -3, were noted in most of the infiltrating eosinophils, as well as in other inflammatory cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Compared with noneosinophilic CRS groups, eosinophilic CRS groups had a significant expression of eotaxins in their eosinophils. The eotaxin concentrations of nasal polyp and sinus effusion as measured by ELISA were significantly increased in the eosinophilic CRS group compared to the noneosinophilic CRS group. The present findings suggest that enhanced eotaxin family production by eosinophils results in the recruitment of eosinophils into the tissue by a self-amplifying process. Laryngoscope, 2009.