Eosinophil Ratio Research Articles

Investigation of Routine Blood Parameters for Predicting Embolic Risk in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NV-AF) is an important risk factor for cardiac thromboembolic disorders. However, there is not an exact biomarker for evaluating risk in these patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the routine blood test and inflammatory markers in NV-AF patients with or without embolic complications. Materials and Methods: Routine complete blood count (CBC) and a clinical biochemistry analysis of 214 NV-AF patients (151 with embolic complication and 63 without embolic complication) were recorded retrospectively. Obtained results compared between NV-AF with embolic group and NV-AF without an embolic group. Results: The most of the CBC and biochemical markers were found as similar (P > 0.05) between groups except white blood cell count, lymphocyte ratio (Lym%), neutrophil ratio (Neu%), eosinophil ratio (Eus%), neutrophil count (Neu), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, low-density lipid, sodium (Na), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, plasma iron levels, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The inflammatory markers, especially NLR, seem to be useful for embolic risk stratification in NVAF patients.

Effect of mitophen on hematological leukocyte indices of broiler chickens

Hematological leukocyte indices provide additional information about intoxication and the state of the immune response and become an alternative to determine a number of immuno-biochemical parameters. The aim of the work is to study the effect of the antioxidant mitophen on the leukocyte indices of blood that characterize the nonspecific reactivity of the organism of broiler chickens. The chickens of the I and III experimental groups were given mitophen daily from the daily age at the rate of 25 and 50 g/t of feed for a month, the II and IV-25 and 50 g/t of feed only in the first and third weeks of the experiment. The control group received the main diet without the drug. The leukocyte indices were determined mathematically by the leukogram. It was found that the use of mitophen significantly increases the index: of shift of blood leukocytes, of the ratio of eosinophils and lymphocytes, and lowers the index of the ratio of lymphocytes and eosinophils, which indicates the positive effect of the drug on the granulocytopoiesis and nonspecific resistance of broiler chickens. At the same time, the use of mitophen significantly reduces index: of immunoreactivity, of the ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes, and pseudoeosinophils to monocytes, which characterizes the positive effect of the antioxidant on monocytopoiesis and nonspecific cellular immunity of the bird body due to monocytes.

Nonspecific adaptive reactions of hen’s body under the influence of light wavelength

The sources of artificial light of the latest generation in poultry farming are LED lamps, which are able to give monochrome light. It is known that the wavelength of light affects the behavior, well-being and productivity of birds, but the effect of changing the wavelength of light under monochrome light has not yet been studied. Nonspecific adaptive reactions of hens under the influence of light wavelength of monochrome light have been studied. For this purpose, in the conditions of a modern complex for food eggs production, 4 groups of hens of industrial herd «Hy-Line W-36» were formed, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house-analogue in terms of area and cage equipment. Hens of the 1st group were kept using LED lamps with a peak light wavelength of 460 nm, the 2nd group — 600 nm, the 3rd group — 630 nm and the 4th group — 650 nm. To assess the adaptive and overall reactive immunological potential of hens, integrated immunohematological indices of intoxication, inflammatory activity and nonspecific reactivity were determined on the ba­sis of an extended general blood test. It was found that a decrease in the wavelength of light increases the indices of leukocyte shift, the heterophiles to leukocytes ratio, immunoreactivity, the heterophiles to monocytes ratio, the lymphocytes to monocytes ratio and the lymphocytes to eosinophils ratio. This indicates a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, the predominance of nonspecific protective cells due to a functional increase in bone marrow proliferative activity and is expressed in increased heterophiles, increased activity in the microphage-macrophage immune response system and indicates the presence of high levels in the body and impaired immunological reactivity, and can inform about the autoimmune nature of the pathological process. It is shown that at the same time there is a decrease in lymphocytegranulocyte index, leukocyte-ESR ratio, total and lymphocyte indices, which confirms the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left and indicates a predominance of activation of the cellular link due to intoxication. Simultaneous increase in the leukocyte shift index and decrease in the lymphocyte-granulocyte index indicates the development of endogenous intoxication in hens and impaired immunological reactivity due to autointoxication of the body during the destruction of its own cells.

The Influence of Low-Dose Occupational Radiation Exposure on Peripheral Blood Cell in a Cohort Chinese Medical Radiation Workers

The study aims to assess the change of peripheral blood cell number following protracted low-dose radiation exposure among medical radiation workers.A cohort of 185 Chinese radiation workers which divided into 4 groups by different occupational categories which include Interventional radiologists group (IRG); nuclear medicine doctors group (NMD); medical diagnostic radiographers group (MDR); radiologists group (RG) were followed by 5 years (2015-2019). This study observed and recorded the changes in the cumulative dose and peripheral blood cell counts consecutively for five years. While exploring the changes in blood cells and cumulative dose, the correlation between dose and the quantity of peripheral blood cells was also discussed. Individual doses were recorded by dose monitoring system. The counts of peripheral blood cell were based on the physical examination data of the workers of the annual physical examination in the hospitality-test, SD-T test and Variance analysis were used to analyze the radiation dose-response changes of the peripheral blood cell. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of peripheral blood cells and the cumulative dose.The results of this study showed that compared with the control group, the number of white blood cells (WBCs), the number of hemoglobin (Hb) and the ratio of eosinophils (EO%) in the study group decreased (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis between the average cumulative dose in different years and the number of peripheral blood cells in different groups showed that the average cumulative dose of nuclear medicine group in 2016 was negatively correlated with WBC (r = -0.602, P < 0.05) and NE% (r = -0.596, P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the average cumulative dose of the radiological diagnosis group in 2015 and MO% (r = 0.530, P < 0.01). For the radiologists' group, there was a significant negative correlation between the average cumulative dose and the number of WBCs in 2016 (r = -3.37, P < 0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation between the average cumulative dose and RBC in 2017 (r = -4.12, P < 0.05).The results of the study suggest that the blood cell levels of workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a long time can show dynamic changes, and relevant workers should take appropriate protection measures and regularly monitor peripheral blood cell indicators.

Hematological and biochemical features with tuberculosis and bacterial lymphadenitis in children

Objective — to improve approaches to differential diagnosis of lymphadenitis by identifying features of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood of children with nonspecific bacterial and specific tuberculous lymphadenitis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Under our supervision were 45 children aged 1 to 5 years with an increase in lymph nodes (LN), who were treated in the surgical department of the Odessa Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital for the period from 2017 to 2018. Patients were assessed for general condition and affected lymph node lesions, as well as blood sampling for general and biochemical studies. Additionally, the calculation of integrated hematological indices of immunological tolerance of the organism was performed, namely the index of neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR); lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR); neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR); lymphocyte to eosinophil ratio (LER). For comparison with the norm used the data of these indicators, established in healthy children.&#x0D; Results and discussion. All patients were divided into 2 clinical groups. The first group (СG-1) included 25 children with lymphadenitis caused by BCG vaccination, the second (СG-2) — 20 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis. The study found that the condition of most children (75 %) of the second group was more severe compared with patients with CG-1, which was manifested by more pronounced manifestations of intoxication and local condition of the affected LN.Evaluation of a general blood test showed that the average number of leukocytes with specific lymphadenitis in most (80.8 %) patients was within normal limits, with purulent; on the contrary, in 71.4 % of children there was a tendency to increase. The calculations of hematological indices revealed a decrease in NLR, and, with BCG lymphadenitis, it decreased by half (to 0.96) compared with bacterial lymphade­nit (to 1.88), which indicates an increase in specific immunological reactivity in children of CG-1. ISNM in most patients with lymphadenit remained low throughout the course of the disease. This indicates the timely activation of the macrophage defense system of the body. LMR with tuberculous lymphadenit grew, while with bacterial lymphadenit, on the contrary, it decreased by half, which indicates earlier mobilization of lymphocytes as an effector immunity in children with BCG lymphadenitis. LER in all forms of the disease tended to increase, which indicates the predominance of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in children of both groups.Analysis of blood biochemical parameters in patients of both clinical groups did not reveal clear differences in children with bacterial and tuberculous lymphadenitis.&#x0D; Conclusions. At specific defeat of LN unlike nonspecific, the clinical and laboratory picture with lack of expressive leukocytes reaction is noted. Determining the indices of the ratio of blood leukocytes makes it possible to more deeply assess the level of immunological reactivity and the general condition of the child, which increases the informative value of clinical blood tests. Analysis of blood biochemical parameters in patients with specific and nonspecific lymphadenitis, although it has no specific differential diagnostic value, however, is an important component of assessing the quality of treatment and the patient’s condition as a whole.

Long-Term 32-Hours Continuous Shifts Increases Progesterone, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, Eosinophil Count and Attention Performance in Female Pediatric Resident

Aim: The study aimed at assessing effects of long-term 32-hours continuous shifts on leptin, melatonin, sex hormones, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, hematological parameters, sleep quality and attention performance in female pediatric residents (FPR). Materials and Methods: FPR working under 32 hours continuous shifts (08:00-08:00h after 08:00-17:00h, n=10) were compared to female health professionals working in day-time hours (08:00-16:00h, n=10). Vital parameters, glucose, leptin, melatonin, estrogen, progesterone, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations, complete blood count (CBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured. The participants were also requested to fill in sleep quality questionnaires and visual attention test. Results: In the study; eosinophil ratio (p=0.015), hemoglobin (p=0.010), hematocrit (p=0.012), progesterone (p=0.008), TNF-α, (p=0.000), IL-1beta and (p= 0.003) IL-6 levels (p= 0.000) were found significantly higher in FPR. In addition, it was found that FPR had difficulty in waking up in the mornings (p = 0.000), had bad dreams (p = 0.040), and had poor sleep quality (p = 0.010). FPR had better attention performance (p=0.000). Conclusion: Although attention performance was higher in FPR, data suggest that long-term continuous 32-hour shift system activates inflammatory response, disturbs ovarian steroid production and reduces sleep quality. Alltogether, these may culminate in inflammatory diseases or reproductive problems.

Eosinophils Correlate with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Introduction: Chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling always occur together in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in airway remodeling. Objective: Changes of epithelial cells in sinus mucosa in different subtypes of CRS, especially in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and the role of EMT and eosinophils (EOS) in airway remodeling are still unknown. Methods: We included 85 patients in this study. They were divided into 4 groups: a normal control (NC) group, a chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) group, an eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) group, and a noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (non-ECRSwNP) group. Clinical data were all collected and analyzed. Standard hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining, and 2-color immunofluorescence staining were performed. Biomarkers of EMT, epithelial cadherin, and vimentin were labeled. The immunohistochemistry results of each group were counted and statistically analyzed. Results and Conclusion: E-cadherin was downregulated, and vimentin was upregulated in epithelial tissue from the ECRSwNP group, compared with that from the control group and the other groups. The number of vimentin-expressing epithelial cells correlated with sinus CT imaging Lund-Mackay scores (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). Moreover, expression levels of vimentin in the epithelium were associated with numbers of infiltrating EOS in tissues (r = 0.710, p < 0.001) and the peripheral blood EOS ratio (r = 0.594, p < 0.001). EMT occurred in patients with CRSwNP, especially in those with ECRSwNP. Epithelial reprogramming correlates with eosinophil infiltration and disease severity. Eosinophils contributed to impairment of epithelial function and promoted EMT in CRSwNP.

Combination of thermal ablation and activated functional killer cells immunotherapy for cancer: A retrospective study.

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of thermal ablation combined with activated functional killer (AFK) cells immunotherapy for patients with malignant tumors. A cohort of 10 patients with malignancies received thermal ablation combined with AFK cells immunotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, laboratory test, and postoperative complications were assessed. The success rate of the combination therapy was 100% and no severe complications occurred. Five patients maintained in PFS (50%) during the follow-up. The median PFS was 11 months (range 3.5-16.75 months). The hemoglobin (P = 0.023), hematocrit (P = 0.034), and lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.023); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.038), neutrophil ratio (P = 0.016), albumin (P = 0.006), and alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.029); CA-125 (P = 0.033); and D-dimer (P = 0.011) changed significant after ablation. Whereas the white blood cell count (P = 0.003), neutrophil count (P = 0.024), lymphocyte count (P =0.003), monocyte ratio (P = 0.008), and eosinophil ratio (P = 0.005) changed significantly after combination therapy. The lymphocytes (P = 0.001) in the surviving patients increased more significantly after treatment. After the combination therapy, the percentage of CD3 + cells (P = 0.016) and CD3+ CD8+ cells (P = 0.002) increased, while CD3-CD16+ CD56+ (P = 0.002) and CD4+/CD8+ (P = 0.016) decreased. Combination of thermal ablation and AFK cells immunotherapy is a safe and effective method for patients with malignancy. And adoptive immunotherapy with AFK cells may be helpful to prevent recurrence after thermal ablation in patients with advanced cancer.

Діагностичне значення інтегральних імуногематологічних індексів як маркерів хронічного стресу у курей

The study of stress in the conditions of industrial technologies of keeping laying hens and determining the level of technological stressors influence on the physiological state of poultry is a necessary condition for the development of new methods of stress prevention in choosing the best ways to keep them. The aim of the study was to determine the informativeness of integrated immunohematological indices for the diagnosis of stress-induced disorders in laying hens under the influence of technological stressors of varying intensity. Chronic technological stress was modeled by long-term keeping of laying hens at high planting density. The intensity of the stressor was determined by increasing the density of laying hens. Integral immunohematological indices were determined on the basis of an extended general blood test. It has been found that in laying hens, which due to prolonged exposure to high density were in a state of chronic stress, there is a high level of endogenous intoxication and impaired immunological reactivity, as evidenced by increased Leukocyte shift index, Immunoreactivity index, Leukocyte to erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, heterophil to monocyte ratio. It is shown that under chronic stress in laying hens there is activation of the cellular part of the immune system, active adaptive response of white blood, as well as the predominance of delayed-type reactions over immediate-type hypersensitivity, as indicated decrease in lymphocyte-granulocyte index, general index, lymphocytic index and lymphocyte to eosinophil ratio. Thus, integrated immunohematological indices are promising markers for the diagnosis of chronic stress in laying hens.

Adenotonsiller Hipertrofili Hastalarda Efüzyonlu Otitis Media Gelişiminde Etkili Risk Faktörlerinin Araştırılması

Objective: Sleep Disordered Breathing (USB) is one of the most common childhood disorders ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and most common cause of it is the adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is another important problem in children with USB due to ATH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible risk factors for the development of EOM in children with USB due to ATH.&#x0D; Material and Methods: 171 pediatric patients with ATH-related snoring and sleep apnea complaints were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1: patients with ATH + OME and Group 2: patients with ATH alone. A pre-operative standard questionnaire was used to assess USB severity. Twenty-one different parameters were evaluated for both groups.&#x0D; Results: Age, sex, exposure to tobacco smoke, cow milk exposure before 12 months, breast milk only for at least 6 months, duration of symptoms, USB symptom scores, history of recurrent tonsillitis, adenoid / nasopharynx (AN) ratio, tonsil size, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb) level, hematocrit (Hct) ratio, mean platelet volume (MPV), eosinophil ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thyroid function tests (TSH, fT4), folate and vitamin B12 levels were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between these parameters except BMI. BMI values were 16.08 ± 1.96 in Group 1 and 17.11 ± 2.81 in Group 2, respectively (p: 0.006).&#x0D; Conclusion: Many different parameters were evaluated for EOM, a multifactorial disease. Among the groups, only BMI was different. Further study is required to identify risk factors for the development of EOM in patients with ATH.

The role of the platelet profile in the prediction of gestational diabetes

Objective: In our study, the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and other hemogram parameters of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were compared. The aim of our study is to investigate the benefit of these parameters in predicting GDM risk. Material and Method: The study was planned as a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. It was included 218 pregnant women who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Amasya Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training and Research Hospital between January 01, 2019 and January 31, 2020. It was examined complete blood count parameters, ultrasound findings, complete urinalysis, first trimester blood glucose, body mass index, age, and gravide parameters the patients we included in the study. The results were analyzed retrospectively and was evaluated the statistical significance relationship with gestational diabetes. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age, body mass index (BMI), obesity status and number of gravida between the pregnant women who were examined and those without GDM (p&gt; 0.05). The hemoglobin, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobine (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, and neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and basophil counts, urine density and femur length were statistically significant. There was no difference (p&gt; 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in terms of neutrophile lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophile monocyte ratio (NMR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte eosinophil ratio (MER), platelet MPV ratio (PMPVR), and platelet neutrophile ratio (PNR) values (p&gt; 0.05) Conclusion: HbA1c, hematocrit and blood glucose in the first trimester may be predictors of GDM. In addition, we think that further studies are needed in a prospective design in more patients in terms of others parameters.

Atypical Pathogen Distribution in Chinese Hospitalized AECOPD Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeThe proportion of atypical pathogens in patient with AECOPD within mainland China is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of atypical pathogens among Chinese patients with AECOPD, to evaluate the clinical characteristics of different atypical pathogen infections, and to compare different detection methods for atypical pathogens.Patients and MethodsSpecimens were collected from patients with AECOPD from March 2016 to November 2018 at eleven medical institutions in eight cities in China. Double serum, sputum, and urine samples were obtained from 145 patients. Serological and nucleic acid tests were used to assess for Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydia pneumoniae; serological, urinary antigen, and nucleic acid tests were applied to detect Legionella pneumophila. The clinical characteristics of atypical pathogen-positive and -negative groups were also compared.ResultsThe overall positivity rate for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 20.69% (30/145), with the highest rate being 20.00% (29/145) when determined by passive agglutination.The overall positive rates for Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were 29.66% (43/145) and 10.34% (15/145), respectively. The most common serotype of Legionella pneumophila was type 6. The maximum hospitalized body temperature, ratio of eosinophils, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and procalcitonin (PCT) level of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae-positive group were significantly higher than those of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae-negative group. Patients in the Chlamydia pneumoniae-positive group smoked more, had higher proportions of comorbidities and frequent aggravations in the previous two years than those in the Chlamydia pneumoniae-negative group. Furthermore, the forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio assessment of lung function was higher, and the concentration of arterial blood bicarbonate (HCO3−) was lower in the Legionella pneumophila-positive group than in the Legionella pneumophila-negative group.ConclusionOverall, atypical pathogens play an important role in AECOPD. Regarding the testing method, serological testing is a superior method to nucleic acid testing.

Cell immunity of laboratory animals under the influence of 5-indolylmethylene rhodanine-3-carboxylic/sulphonic acid derivative

The aim. To study the cell immunity status under influence of 3-[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid, as a prominent 4-thiazolidinone derivative and a class of biologically active compounds with polypharmacological properties. Materials and methods. Experimental method on the model of laboratory animals (guinea pigs); intradermal allergy tests; relative and absolute content in the peripheral blood of T- and B-lymphocytes subpopulations; hematological indexies: index of the ratio of lymphocytes and monocytes, index of the ratio of neutrophils and monocytes, index of the ratio of neutrophils and eosinophils, phagocytic index, phagocytic number; ELISA; organic synthesis; pharmacological screening. Results. The effect of 3-[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid has antifungal properties and affect cellular component of immunity in vivo in the guinea pigs model. There are no changes in the skin of guinea pigs during and after chemical applications of the skin and after intradermal tests. The compound stimulate the immune cells, in particular the lymphocyte (increase in the absolute number of CD3 T-lymphocytes by 21.46 % and the absolute number of CD8 T-suppressors by 27.15 %), but with a selective inhibitory effect on certain units (decrease the relative number of NK cells CD16 by 11.57 % and B-lymphocytes CD22 by 23.08 %). There was an increase in the activity of the macrophage phagocytic system (increase in PN by 439.87 % and PI by 62.73 % at 120 minutes), which indicates the reliability of the absorbing function of phagocytes, but with a decrease in their ability to endocytosis (PCI decreased significantly by 78,72 %). Conclusions. Synthesized 3-[5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl]-propionic acid has a selective activating effect on certain parts of cellular immunity and on phagocytic activity. Derivate influence on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils is ambiguous, and the effect of the compound directed to the cellular part of the immune system does not cause cellular immunodeficiency. The studied derivative is promising for further study of the drug-like molecule with antifungal and antitumor effects

Association of the neutrophil to eosinophil ratio with response to immunotherapy-based combinations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

341 Background: Neutrophilia is known to be associated with worse prognosis in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); however, less is known about the role of eosinophils in the response to immunotherapy (IO). We investigated the association of the baseline neutrophil to eosinophil ratio (NER) with outcomes to IO-based combination treatment in mRCC. Methods: Patients with mRCC treated with ipilimumab plus nivolumab, pembrolizumab plus axitinib, or avelumab plus axitinib at the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center were retrospectively identified. Patients on &gt;10mg prednisone and patients with prior IO were excluded. Baseline NER (at time of first IO) and association with progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) were investigated. Data cutoff was 9/1/2020. Analysis for PFS and OS was performed using the log-rank test and Mantel-Haenszel method, and analysis of the odds ratio for ORR was performed using Fischer’s exact test. Results: Sixty-one patients were identified: 89% clear cell histology, 74% prior nephrectomy, 69% IMDC intermediate risk, and 72% treatment-naïve. Patients with baseline NER &lt; median (N=31) had improved clinical outcomes compared to patients with baseline NER &gt; median (N=30) (Table). Improvement in PFS by NER was maintained when stratified by anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 and anti-PD(L)-1/VEGF (p= 0.0062 and p= 0.049); however, differences in OS and ORR were no longer significant. The median baseline NER among patients with partial response (PR) was significantly lower at 22.7 (95% CI 18.9-31.1) vs. 51.6 (95% CI 39.5-93.1) among those with progressive disease (PD) (p= 0.0054). For comparison, the median neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was not significantly different between PR (2.60) and PD (3.84, p= 0.056). Conclusions: Patients with a low baseline NER treated with IO-based combinations had improved clinical outcomes compared to patients with a high baseline NER. Additional investigation of this parameter in larger cohorts is warranted. [Table: see text]

Establishment and verification of a nomogram for predicting severe acute pancreatitis.

The purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) and verify its predictive value. A total of 571 AP patients received by Ordos Central Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were included in this study. According to the 2012 Revised Atlanta classification, the included subjects were classified into severe AP (SAP) group and non-severe AP (NSAP) group [including patient with mild AP (MAP) and moderately SAP (MSAP)]. The baseline characteristics, imageological data and pathological data within 24 h after the disease onset between the two groups were analyzed using One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). R language was used for establishing a predictive nomogram, whose performance was verified by clinical data of 150 AP cases collected from December 2018 to December 2019. One-way ANOVA shows that SAP and NSAP patients show significant differences in sex, calcium ions, creatinine, neutrophils ratio, lymphocytes ratio and eosinophils ratio (p<0.05). A predictive nomogram was accordingly established using the six indicators. Validation on this predictive nomogram showed high internal validation concordance index (C-index) of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.64-0.74), and high external validation C-index of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67-0.76). This nomogram can be used as a clinical tool to predict the severity of SAP.

The relationship between the rs4986791 variant of the TLR4 gene and the severity of bronchial asthma in children.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important receptor for lipopolysaccharide and lipid A, components of gram-negative bacteria. At present, a variant in TLR4 has been shown to be associated with asthma, but it has not been reported whether variants in TLR4 are associated with bronchial asthma in children. The objective is to determine the relationship between the rs4986791 (+1196C/T) variants of TLR4 and bronchial asthma in Chinese children. DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples was amplified and the Bi-PASA technique was carried out to identify the genotypes in 600 patients. The result showed no difference between the 1196 C/T variant of TLR4 and hemoglobin level, proportion of neutrophils and lymphocytes, leukocyte, basophil and eosinophil counts, log10IgE and hsCRP in the peripheral blood of bronchial asthmatic patients. However, the eosinophil ratio, FEV1% and FEV1/FVC level of asthma patients with the CT genotype was lower than those of patients with the CC genotype, which were 1.19 ± 0.10 and 1.67 ± 0.18 (P = 0.01), 81.25 ± 0.50 and 84.99 ± 0.65 (P < 0.0001), 81.72 ± 0.568 and 5.55 ± 0.78 (P < 0.0001), respectively. The incidence of bronchial asthma in patients with the CT genotype is higher than that in patients with the CC genotype. We analysed the influence of the two genotypes on the current medical history by multiple logistic regression, performing a comparative analysis between the two genotypes and bronchial asthma (P < 0.05). Patients with moderately persistent asthma with the CT genotype are more likely to develop severely persistent asthma compared to those with the CC genotype (P < 0.01). This comparative analysis between rs4986791 and bronchial asthma in children indicates that this variant is associated with bronchial asthma risk in Chinese children.

Effects of Sunset Yellow FCF on Immune System Organs During Different Chicken Embryonic Periods.

IntroductionSunset Yellow FCF (SY), used frequently in ready-made foods, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry, may cause many health problems. This study is intended to evaluate the morphological and cellular effects of SY on the embryonic chicken immune system throughout incubation.Material and MethodsBabcock white leghorn eggs were randomly divided into four groups. Besides a control group, there were three treatment groups which received a single injection of 200, 1,000, or 2,000 ng of SY into the air sac just before incubation. The eggs were opened on the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 21st days of incubation. Samples of the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen were taken from embryos. Serial sections of 5 μm thickness were stained with histological methods and routine histological procedures were performed.ResultsAn increase in the spleen volume was determined as the hatching time of the chicks approached. The highest eosinophil ratio was found in the SY1,000 and SY2,000 groups (P < 0.05), where the most significant change was developmental retardation in the thymus. In the bursa of Fabricius, there was less lymphocyte accumulation and eosinophilic cell infiltration with increasing doses.ConclusionIt was concluded that in ovo administered SY has undesired effects on embryonic development of the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus, and on spleen volume.

The metagenomic next-generation sequencing in diagnosing central nervous system angiostrongyliasis: a case report

BackgroundsThe incidence of angiostrongyliasis is increasing in recent decades due to the expanding endemic areas all over the world. Clinicians face tremendous challenge of diagnosing angiostrongyliasis because of the lack of awareness of the disease and less effective definitive laboratory tests.Case presentationA 27-year-old man initially manifested skin itching, emesis, myalgia and quadriparesis. With progressive weakness of four limbs and elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), he was diagnosed as Guillain-Barré syndrome and treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. However, the patient deteriorated with hyperpyrexia, headache and then persistent coma. The routine tests for Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) with both the CSF and the serum were all negative. In contrast, the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was applied with the serum sample and the CSF sample in the middle phase. The central nervous system (CNS) angiostrongyliasis was diagnosed by mNGS with the mid-phase CSF, but not the mid-phase serum. At the same time, the CSF analysis revealed eosinophils ratio up to 67%. The discovery of A. cantonensis was confirmed by PCR with CSF later. Unfortunately, the patient died of severe angiostrongyliasis. During his hospitalization, mNGS was carried out repeatedly after definitive diagnosis and targeted treatment. The DNA strictly map reads number of A. cantonensis detected by mNGS was positively correlated with the CSF opening pressure and clinical manifestations.ConclusionsThe case of A. cantonensis infection highlights the benefit of mNGS as a target-free identification in disclosing the rare CNS angiostrongyliasis in the unusual season, while solid evidence from routine clinical testing was absent. The appropriate sample of mNGS should be chosen according to the life cycle of A. cantonensis. Besides, given the fact that the DNA reads number of A. cantonensis fluctuated with CSF opening pressure and clinical manifestations, whether mNGS could be applied as a marker of effectiveness of treatment is worth further exploration.

Eozinofilų adhezijos poveikis bronchų lygiųjų raumenų proliferacijai sergant astma

Įvadas. Eozinofilinis kvėpavimo takų uždegimas – svarbus astmos patogenezės komponentas. Eozinofilai yra gebančios adhezuoti ląstelės, nes turi pagrindinius adhezijos receptorius – integrinus, kurie ne tik atlieka prisitvirtinimo funkciją, bet gali elgtis kaip signalo perdavėjai abipus komunikuojančių ląstelių. Manoma, kad ne visi eozinofilai pasižymi vienodomis adhezinėmis savybėmis ir priklausomai nuo to gali skirtis savo atliekamomis funkcijomis. Taip pat dėl adhezijos per paviršiaus integrinus eozinofilai yra ne tik užlaikomi plaučių audiniuose greta struktūrinių ląstelių, bet gali pakisti ir jų aktyvumas.Geresnis supratimas apie eozinofilų adhezinių savybių svarbą padėtų pritaikyti integrinų arba jų ligandų blokavimą specifiniais antikūnais ir taip valdyti poveikį kvėpavimo takų struktūriniams pokyčiams sergantiesiems astma. Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti eozinofilų adhezinių savybių svarbą bronchų lygiųjų raumenų (BLR) ląstelių proliferacijai sergantiesiems astma. Tyrimo metodai. Į tyrimą įtraukti septyni naujai diagnozuota astma sergantys pacientai, kurie dar negydyti gliukokortikoidais, ir šeši nerūkantys sveiki asmenys. Eozinofilai iš tiriamųjų periferinio kraujo buvo išskiriami naudojant centrifugavimą aukšto tankio Ficoll gradiente irmagnetinę separaciją. Buvo sudaromos individualiosios kombinuotos kultūros tarp nemirtingos žmogaus BLR ląstelių linijos ir išskirtų eozinofilų, pritaikant ląstelių santykį atitinkamai – 1:6, 1:3 bei 1:1,5 (37 500 BLR ląstelių bei 6 250, 12 500 ir 25 000 eozinofilų). Eozinofilų adhezinės savybės įvertintosmatuojant eozinofilų peroksidazės aktyvumą kombinuotose kultūrose. BLR ląstelių proliferacija vertinta praėjus 72 val. po kombinuotos kultūros sudarymo naudojant Alamaromėliometodą. Rezultatai.Taikant BLR ląstelių ir sergančiųjų astma eozinofilų santykį kombinuotoje kultūroje 1:6 ir 1:3, buvo gauta panaši prisitvirtinusių eozinofilų proporcija: 63,0±6,2 proc. ir 70,9±4,6 proc. nuo visų įpiltų eozinofilų. Padidinus įpiltų sergančiųjų astma eozinofilų skaičių iki santykio 1:1,5, nustatytas patikimas prisitvirtinusių eozinofilų proporcijos sumažėjimas iki 48,9±5,1 proc. (p&lt;0,05), galimai dėl permažo prisitvirtinimui tinkamų vietų skaičiaus. Tuo tarpumatuojant sveikų asmenų eozinofilų adheziją, rezultatai visais atvejais išliko panašūs, atitinkamai – 45,0±4,1 proc., 48,7±5,7 proc. ir 49,5±3,4 proc. Panaši tendencija pastebėta vertinant ir eozinofilų poveikį BLR ląstelių proliferacijai. Sergančiųjų astma grupėje taikant santykį 1:6 ir 1:3, absoliutusis prisitvirtinusių eozinofilų skaičius kito, tačiau poveikis BLR proliferacijai išliko panašus (atitinkamai 13,0±4,1 proc. ir 14,4±2,2 proc. padidėjimas, p&lt;0,05), lyginant su kontrolinių BLR ląstelių proliferacija be eozinofilų poveikio. Tuo tarpu padidinus eozinofilų kiekį iki santykio – 1:1,5, statistiškai patikimo poveikio proliferacijai nenustatyta. Sveikų asmenų grupėje, taikant santykį – 1:6 ir 1:3, patikimos įtakos BLR ląstelių proliferacijai nerasta, tačiau padidinus eozinofilų skaičių iki santykio 1:1,5, nustatytas patikimas 8,5±3,4 proc. proliferacijos sumažėjimas (p&lt;0,05). Išvados. Gebančių adhezuoti eozinofilų santykis periferiniame kraujyje yrapastovus, o eozinofilų aktyvumas bei įtaka BLR ląstelių proliferacijai galimai priklauso nuo jų adhezinių savybių.

Do early neutrophil to eosinophil ratio and the levels of neutrophil and white blood cells predict intra-hospital mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages?

Aim: In recent years, inflammatory markers such as red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) have been investigated in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, they were not analyzed together in ICH. In the present study, we examined whether neutrophil, neutrophil to eosinophil ratio (NER), and white blood cell (WBC) levels along with the above-mentioned markers predict the intrahospital mortality in patients diagnosed with spontaneous ICH at admission. Methods: We conducted this retrospective cohort study by examining spontaneous ICH patients hospitalized in our clinic between April 2015 and March 2019. We divided patients into two groups, as survivors and non-survivors. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis test was used to evaluate the predictive value of laboratory variables for mortality and to calculate cut-off values. Results: A total of 130 patients, 82 survivors and 48 non-survivors, were included in the study. The patients who were non-survivors at the hospital had significantly higher median hemorrhage volume, WBC, and neutrophil levels compared to those of survivors (P<0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of median CAR, NLR, NER, and RDW-SD values (P=0.216, P=0.237, P=0.229, and P=0.215, respectively). The area under the ROC curve was 0.676 (95% CI, 0.57-0.78) for WBC and 0.659 (95% CI, 0.56-0.76) for neutrophil. Conclusion: Our results showed that the elevated neutrophil and WBC levels at the acute phase of spontaneous ICH predict the intrahospital mortality of the patients. Further studies are required for the predictive value of NER.