Percentage Of Eosinophils Research Articles

Effect of phototherapy on eosinophils count in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (cross-sectional study)

BackgroundNeonatal jaundice is a common disorder in neonates. Phototherapy is associated with various side effects despite being safe. This research aimed to determine the impact of phototherapy (PT) on eosinophil levels in neonates treated for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.MethodsIn this cross-sectional prospective study, icteric neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Abo-Elreesh Child Hospital, Cairo University, from July 2020 to June 2021 were assessed. Laboratory data, including serum bilirubin and blood cell differentiation for eosinophils before and after phototherapy, were collected, and demographic data like age, gender, gestational age, and duration of phototherapy were taken.ResultsTwo hundred neonates were included in this study. Hyperbilirubinemia was most frequently related to ABO group incompatibility (44.5%). After phototherapy, total serum bilirubin and neutrophil levels were significantly decreased, and platelet levels were significantly increased. Eosinophil count and percent were significantly increased (p < 0.001) following phototherapy. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between eosinophil count before and after PT (r = 0.583, p < 0.001) and between eosinophil percent before and after PT (r = 0.617, p < 0.001).ConclusionSerum eosinophils were increased after phototherapy in icteric neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

Diagnostic value of peripheral blood eosinophils for benign and malignant pulmonary nodule.

This retrospective study aims to assess the diagnostic utility of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules (PNs) prior to surgical intervention. We involved patients presenting with PNs measuring ≤30 mm as the primary CT imaging finding prior to surgical procedures at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command in Shenyang, China, during the period spanning 2021 to 2022. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, along with area under the curve (AUC) calculations, were used to determine the diagnostic value of eosinophil. A total of 361 patients with PN were included, consisting of 135 with benign PN and 226 with malignant PN. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that eosinophil percentage (OR = 1.909, 95% CI: 1.323-2.844, P < .001), absolute eosinophil value (OR = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.000-0.452, P = .033), tumor diameter (OR = 0.918, 95% CI: 0.877-0.959, P < .001), nodule type (OR = 0.227, 95% CI: 0.125-0.400, P < .001), sex (OR = 2.577, 95% CI: 1.554-4.329, P < .001), and age (OR = 0.967, 95% CI: 0.945-0.989, P = .004) were independently associated with malignant PN. The diagnostic value of regression model (AUC [95% CI]: 0.775 [0.725-0.825]; sensitivity: 74.3%; specificity: 71.1%) was superior to eosinophil percentage (AUC [95% CI]: 0.616 [0.556-0.677]; specificity: 66.8%; specificity: 51.1%) (Delong test: P < .001). Peripheral blood eosinophil percentage might be useful for early malignant PN diagnosis, and combining that with other characteristics might improve the diagnostic performance.

Application of Omalizumab Combined with Enteral Nutrition in Treating Severe Allergic Asthma

To investigate the influence of omalizumab combined with enteral nutrition in treating severe allergic asthma, 102 patients in our hospital from May 2020 to May 2023 were retrospectively included, followed by dividing into a control group and a study group. The control group received only budesonide formoterol, and the study group accepted budesonide formoterol, omazumab, and an oral enteral hypernutrient polymer. After therapy, the asthma control test score, mini-asthma quality of life questionnaire score, hemoglobin level, serum total protein level, serum total immunoglobulin E level, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced expiratory volume in one second predicted, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the study group presented higher than the control group, while CD8+, fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide level, and percentage of eosinophils in blood were lower. No difference was observed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P = 0.34). To sum up, enteral nutrition combined with omalizumab can effectively inhibit airway inflammation, improve lung function, and promote the quality of life of severe allergic asthma patients with high safety, which opens a new way of biologically targeting therapy for asthma.

Inflammatory predictors (eosinophil, C-RP and IL-6) and effectiveness of oral Azvudine tablets treatment in COVID-19 hospitalized patients: A retrospective, self-controlled study

BackgroundAlthough vaccinations and antiviral drugs are widely used in the clinical treatment worldwide, there is little investigation on the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of oral Azvudine tablets (FNC) treatment in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The previous data showed Azvudine treatment was closely related to reduced virus shedding time, but the potential role of Azvudine on inflammatory response is scarce. Thus, this study is to investigate inflammatory predictors and effectiveness of oral Azvudine tablets treatment in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. MethodsA total of 600 out of hospitalized patients were retrospectively collected over a 2-month period, of whom 60 out of hospitalized patients infected SARS-CoV-2. 32 of hospitalized patients who received Azvudine tablets were collected and the rest did not. Oral Azvudine tablets treatment: 5 mg/day for 7–14 days. We analyzed the routine blood tests, blood coagulation test, NT-proBNP, Troponin (cTNl), Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) after oral Azvudine tablets treatment compared with that in before oral Azvudine tablets treatment. Also, we compared the CT chest and length of Stay after Azvudine treatment. ResultsWe found that the number and percentage of eosinophil increased significantly, but the levels of C-reactive protein (C-RP) and IL-6 reduced remarkably after Azvudine treatment. In blood coagulation tests, the results showed that activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (mean ± SEM: 2.950 ± 2.268s) and fibrinogen (mean ± SEM: 0.8910 ± 0.5134g/L) downregulated slightly, while there was similar in the level of D-Dimer (mean ± SEM: 0.1660 ± 0.3108 μg/mL) before and after Azvudine treatment. The expression of NT-proBNP reduced in Azvudine treatment (mean ± SEM: 897.1 ± 557.1pg/mL). Chest computed tomography (CT) scan reports also demonstrated that Azvudine treatment improved lung symptoms in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Moreover, there is no difference in the average of length of stay in Azvudine treatment (the average of LOS days: 9.0) and no treatment (the average of LOS days: 9.0) ConclusionOral Azvudine tablets treatment was associated with decreased inflammatory response and improved blood coagulation function, which should be substantial clinical benefits in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

Artificial intelligence-assisted prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors and perform the prediction of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） based on artificial intelligence. Methods:The data of 75 patients with CRS who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery from October 2021 to February 2023 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively. There were 53 males and 22 females enrolled in the study, with a median age of 42.0 years old. The CRS intelligent microscope interpretation system was used to calculate the proportion of area glands and blood vessels occupy in the pathological sections of each patient, and the absolute value and proportion of eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils. The patients were grouped according to the results of the Sniffin' Sticks smell test, and the clinical baseline data, differences in nasal mucosal histopathological characteristics, laboratory test indicators and sinus CT were compared between the groups. Determine the independent influencing factors of olfactory disorders and receiver operating characteristic curves（ROC） were used to evaluate the performance of the prediction model. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results:Among the 75 CRS patients, 25 cases（33.3%） had normal olfaction and 50 cases（66.7%） had olfactory disorders. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tissue eosinophils percentage（OR=1.032, 95%CI 1.002-1.064, P=0.036）, Questionnaire of olfactory disorders-Negative statement（QOD-NS）（OR=1.079, 95%CI 1.004-1.160, P=0.040） and Anterior olfactory cleft score（AOCS）（OR=2.672, 95%CI 1.480-4.827, P=0.001） were independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients. Further research found that the area under the ROC curve（AUC） of the combined prediction model established by the tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS was 0.836（95%CI 0.748-0.924, P<0.001）, which is better than the above single factor prediction model in predicting olfactory disorders in CRS. Conclusion:Based on pathological artificial intelligence, tissue eosinophil percentage, QOD-NS and AOCS are independent risk factors for olfactory disorders in CRS patients, and the combination of the three factors has a good predictive effect on CRS olfactory disorders.

Evaluation of Eosinophil Percentage and Charcot-Leyden Crystal Presence in Sputum Samples of Patients with and without Airway Hyperreactivity

Evaluation of Eosinophil Percentage and Charcot-Leyden Crystal Presence in Sputum Samples of Patients with and without Airway Hyperreactivity

INCIDENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC SPONTANEOUS URTICARIA

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of intestinal parasites in children who have been diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria. A prospective control study was conducted at the Pathology Department of MMDC, Multan. The study included a total of 150 children, both from government and private schools. The children were divided into two groups: group A comprised 80 children diagnosed with chronic spontaneous urticaria, and group B included 70 healthy children. Group A was assessed for intestinal infections, and those with parasites were given anti-parasitic therapy. The outcomes were then evaluated. Out of the participants in group A, 18 (22.5%) had intestinal parasitic infections (IPI), compared to 10 (14.2%) in group B. Although the incidence of IPI was higher in group A, the difference was not statistically significant (P=.181). Blastocystis sp. was found in 14 (17.5%) patients in group A and 10 (14.2%) in group B. The eosinophil percentage in group A was 2% (.6% - 3.7%), and in group B was 1.5% (.6% - 2.2%) (P= .045). The total IgE value in group A was 97.6 IU/mL (ranging from 29-246 IU/mL), and in group B was 31.6 IU/mL (ranging from 14.2-65.8 IU/mL) (P &lt;.001). Patients diagnosed with IPI were treated with metronidazole; out of the 18 patients, 10 (55.5%) saw an end to their urticaria symptoms. The results of this study suggest that Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis were the most common parasites found in children with urticaria, which can disrupt their lifestyle.

Can EPOS2020 criteria of type 2 inflammation be applied to Asian patients with chronic rhinosinusitis?

Background There is a large diversity of mucosal immunologic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) endotypes across Western and Asian patient populations. Objectives The objective of the study was whether the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2020 criteria for type 2 inflammation are appropriate for biological use in CRSwNP patients. Methods A total of 207 participants are enrolled for the study. Retrospective evaluations of the tissues taken during surgery and the patients’ clinical features were performed. We investigated whether the criteria described in the EPOS2020 guideline were appropriate based on the criteria for type 2 inflammation identified based on prior studies using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results The EPOS 2020 criteria are also shown to be an insufficient evaluation approach with low specificity (area under curve [AUC] = 0.645, specificity 8.4%). The authors created a novel scoring method using the total serum IgE level, blood eosinophil percentage, and tissue eosinophil percentage. This novel scoring system (AUC = 0.862, p < .001) fared better in ROC analyses than the EPOS 2020 criteria (AUC = 0.645) and Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis scoring system (AUC = 0.647). Conclusions and Significance A novel standard for type 2 inflammation in Asian CRSwNP patients must be established, as the EPOS 2020 criteria do not appear to be sufficient.

Influence of age on haematological and biochemical blood profiles of black Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

The study was conducted to know the effects of age on haemato-biochemical profiles in Black Bengal (BB) goats. Fifty BB goats were equally divided into five groups: group A (control, 3 years), group B (&gt;3 - 5 years), group C (2-&lt;3 years), group D (1-&lt;2 years) and group E (&lt;1 year). Most of these haemato-biochemical parameters were within the normal range of reference values, except Albumin and ALP. The significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher concentrations of RBC (17.9 ± 0.2 Million/cu mm), WBC (14.4 ± 0.3 Thousands/cu mm), Haemoglobin (9.0 ± 0.2 gm/dl) and PCV (29.9 ± 0.2%) were found in group B. The percentage of Neutrophil (35.2 ± 0.4%), Eosinophil (1.0 ± 0.0%) and Basophil (0.6 ± 0.0%) were higher in group E. Percentage of Lymphocyte (60.0 ± 0.4 %) and Monocyte (3.5 ± 0.2%) was higher in group B than other younger groups. The significantly (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01) higher concentration of total protein (74.7 ± 0.2g/L) and globulin (46.3 ± 0.5 g/L) respectively, were in Group B. Albumin (28.4 ± 0.2g/L) and ALT (22.3 ± 0.5 U/L) concentrations were significantly P&lt;0.02) higher in Group E than other groups of goat.&#x0D; Bangl. vet. 2022. Vol. 39, No. 1-2, 43–53

Retrospective investigation of the relationship between clinical and laboratory parameters and allergy tests in children with allergic rhinitis

Background: It was aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) values and allergy test positivity in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR).&#x0D; Methods: The study is a descriptive study with a retrospective design. Data on patients aged 0-18 years with a diagnosis of AR were investigated retrospectively. Age, gender, hemogram parameters (leukocyte, eosinophil, lymphocyte, thrombocyte), total IgE values, allergy history and allergy test positivity were evaluated. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as a statistically significant result.&#x0D; Results: In the study, the data of 230 pediatric patients with AR were analyzed. The median age of the children was 13 years (10-18). Of the patients 57.4% (n=132) were male, 42.6% (n=98) were female. All laboratory values, except PLR, of the patients with positive allergy test were higher than the patients with negative allergy test. This elevation in WBC, neutrophil, absolute eosinophil, eosinophil percentage, total IgE and ELR values was statistically significant (p

Morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of piglets suffering from Eimeriosis and Balantidiosis

The purpose of the work was to study changes in the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of 50-day-old piglets spontaneously infested with Eimeria and Balantidia. An experimental group of animals spontaneously infested with Eimeria and Balantidia and a control group (n=5) not infested were formed. To examine feces for the presence of Eimeria, the McMaster method in Raynaud's modification, Balantidia - native smear was used. Changes in morphological and biochemical indicators of blood during the mixed course of eimeriosis and balantidiosis were determined. In the blood of piglets infected with Eimeria and Balantidia, a decrease in the hemoglobin content by 10.4% and the number of erythrocytes by 17.0% was established. At the same time, the number of leukocytes increased by 22%. In the leukogram, the percentage of eosinophils increased by 40.0%, rod- and segmented-nuclear neutrophils by 26.3% and 2.1%, respectively. The number of monocytes increased by 35.3%, which indicates the appearance of foci of inflammation in the animal's body. An increase in the leukocyte index of intoxication by 11.1% indicates the severity of the inflammatory process. In infected piglets, a decrease in total protein content by 6.5% due to a significant decrease in albumin content by 28.3% was recorded. An increase in the concentration of CIC by 23.5%, the activity of the enzymes AlAT and AsAT by 75.4% and 35.9%, respectively, confirms the development of the pathological process and the occurrence of accompanying structural and functional changes in the internal organs of piglets. During the mixed course of eimeriosis and balantidiosis in 50-day-old piglets, leukocytosis and eosinophilia, an increase in the number of rod-shaped and segmented neutrophils, lymphopenia and monocytosis are observed. Changes in indicators indicate an exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the body of infected piglets and a toxic effect in the places of parasitism - the small and large intestines. In the biochemical composition of the blood serum of piglets with the development of the disease, there is a decrease in the content of total protein and albumins, which is associated with a violation of the biloxintizing function of the liver, and an increase in β-globulins indicates a suppression of the immune response to invasion. An increase in the activity of AlAT and AsAT enzymes indicates the development of dystrophic processes in the liver, which plays a primary role in the neutralization of toxins produced in the body of animals. An increase in the concentration of CIC indicates the gradual development of the immune response to the course of the disease

Effect of moxibustion of acupoints for both lung and intestine disorders on lung inflammation and intestinal short-chain fatty acids in asthmatic model rats

To explore the mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of asthmatic inflammation from the point of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in rats with asthma. A total of 48 SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly divided into 4 groups： normal, model, lung treatment and joint-treatment of lung and intestine (joint-treatment), with 12 rats in each group. The asthma model was made by subcutaneous (bilateral back and inguinal regions) and intraperitoneal injection of mixture solution of ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide gel (on day 1 and 8) and followed by inhalation of atomized 1% ovalbumin (20 min from day 15, once daily for one week). Moxibustion was applied to bilateral "Feishu" (BL13) for rats of the lung treatment group or bilateral "Feishu" (BL13) and "Tianshu" (ST25) for rats of the joint treatment group. One hour after the intervention, the rats in the later three groups were separately given atomized 1% ovalbumin solution inhalation for 20 min. The treatment was conducted for 30 min, once daily for 14 consecutive days. At the end of the intervention, the percentage of inflammatory cells in blood was detected by biochemical method and histopathological changes of the lung were observed after H.E. staining. The inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted after Wright-Giemsa staining. The mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-33, leukotriene (LT), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were detected by real-time PCR, and the contents of SCFAs in rats' feces were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Relevant to the normal group, the model group had an obvious increase in the percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils in the blood, the percentages of neutrophils and eosinophils in the BALF, and in the expression levels of PGD2, TSLP, LT, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17 and IL-33 mRNAs in the lung tissues (P<0.01, P<0.05), and a marked decrease in the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in feces (P<0.05, P<0.01). After the treatment, the percentages of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, eosinophils in the BALF, and the expression levels of PGD2, TSLP, LT, IL-4, IL-17, IL-33 mRNAs in the lung tissues in both the lung treatment and joint treatment groups, as well as neutrophils of BALF, and expression of IL-5 and IL-13 mRNAs in the joint treatment group were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and valerate in the lung treatment group, and acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in the joint treatment group were all strikingly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The effect of the joint treatment was superior to that of lung treatment in down-regulating the expressions of LT and IL-5 mRNAs (P<0.05, P<0.01) and up-requlating the content of propionic acid (P<0.05). Results of H.E. staining showed thickened alveolar wall, infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrous tissue hyperplasia around the bronchus and scattered arrangement of cells of the lung tissue in the model group, which was relatively milder in both lung treatment and joint treatment groups, particularly the later. Joint treatment of asthma from the lung and intestine can better regulate the contents of intestinal SCFAs and alleviate the inflammatory response of asthmatic model rats, thus, intestinal SCFAs may be involved in the process of moxibustion in improving inflammatory response.

Serum YKL-40 Levels, Leukocyte Profiles, and Acute Exacerbations of Advanced COPD.

Little information exists on YKL-40-a key protein in tissue remodeling-and complete blood count (CBC) parameters during acute exacerbations of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This pilot exploratory study (August 2020-January 2021) investigated the connection between serum YKL-40 levels and CBC profile in sex- and age-matched individuals with severe COPD (GOLD stage III, n = 23, median age = 66 years, 65.21% males) and very severe COPD (GOLD stage IV, n = 24, median age = 66.5 years, 74.81% males). The measured parameters were serum YKL-40, absolute leukocyte count (ALLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil percentage, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), absolute eosinophil count (AEC), eosinophil percentage, absolute monocyte count (AMC), monocyte percentage, absolute basophil count (ABC), basophil percentage, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit concentrations. No significant inter-group differences were observed. However, high YKL-40 subjects (n = 23)-as stratified via median YKL-40 (3934.5 pg/mL)-showed significantly increased neutrophil percentage and NLR but significantly lower lymphocyte-, eosinophil-, and basophil-related parameters compared to low YKL-40 patients (n = 24). These results reveal multidimensional, YKL-40-associated changes in leukocyte profile of patients with advanced COPD during acute exacerbations, with potential implications for personalized treatment.

Evaluation of serum levels of interferon beta and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain 2 gene polymorphism in children with cough asthma phenotype: a case–control study

BackgroundIndividuals with asthma are thought to suffer from a variety of distinct disorders, or phenotypes, each of which is characterized by a unique combination of genetic and environmental factors. Syndromes that are exacerbated by allergens, non-allergic factors, and aspirin, as well as syndromes that are best differentiated by pathologic findings, response to therapy, and natural history, fall into this category. The best course of treatment for an individual patient with asthma can be determined by first determining his or her specific asthma phenotype and its underlying pathophysiology.Aim of the workExplore clinical characteristics, serum INF-β in cough asthma phenotype and allergic march asthmatic children. Also, to assess the association of NOD2 (rs2066845) gene polymorphism among those asthma phenotypes in Egyptian asthmatic children.Patients and methodsThe study included 64 cough phenotypic asthmatic children and 60 allergic march phenotypic asthmatic children in addition to 39 healthy controls (control group). The included children were subjected to full clinical history taking, full clinical examination, assessment of (total serum IgE, CBC for peripheral eosinophil percentage, cytokine profile (serum levels of INF-B), and genetic analysis: SNPs of NOD2 (rs2066845).ResultsThere was a significant increase in G allele frequency, in both homozygous (GG) and heterozygous (GC) states, among asthmatic children of cough and allergic march phenotypes compared to healthy controls, with no significant difference between the two phenotypes. In addition, serum INF-β was significantly lower in cough and allergic march phenotypic asthmatics with GG genotypes versus healthy controls of the same genotype.ConclusionsNOD2 (rs2066845) gene polymorphism is associated with both cough and allergic march asthma phenotypes in Egyptian asthmatic children. It was also shown that G allele may be implicated in asthma pathophysiology.

Assessment of common risk factors of diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

The increasing prevalence of diabetes and its significant impact on mortality and morbidity rates worldwide has led to a growing interest in understanding its common risk factors, particularly in relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This research article aims to investigate the shared risk factors between type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and CKD using a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. The study utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for T1D, T2D, and CKD from the FinnGen research project. GWAS summary statistics datasets for 118 exposure traits were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database. MR analyses were conducted to examine the causal relationships between exposure traits and each of the three outcomes. Multiple methods, including inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger, were employed for the MR studies. Phenome-wide MR analyses revealed that eosinophil percentage exhibited a significant and suggestive causal association with T1D and CKD, respectively, suggesting its potential as a shared risk factor for T1D and CKD. For T2D, 34 traits demonstrated significant associations. Among these 34 traits, 14 were also significantly associated with CKD, indicating the presence of common risk factors between T2D and CKD, primarily related to obesity, height, blood lipids and sex hormone binding globulin, blood pressure, and walking pace. This research has uncovered the eosinophil percentage as a potential common risk factor for both T1D and CKD, while also identifying several traits, such as obesity and blood lipids, as shared risk factors for T2D and CKD. This study contributes to the understanding of the common risk factors between diabetes and CKD, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to reduce the risk of these diseases.

Body mass index affects the association between plasma lipids and peripheral eosinophils in a general chinese population: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundLipid metabolism affects type 2 immunity; however, the association between plasma lipids and eosinophilic inflammation in humans is uncertain. This study analysed the relationship between plasma lipids and peripheral eosinophils and whether patterns differ with different body mass indexes (BMI).MethodsA cross-sectional survey including 62,441 healthy participants recruited from a regular health screening programme was conducted. Participants were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese subgroups according to BMI.ResultsMultiple linear regression analysis revealed that elevated logarithmic-transformed eosinophil counts (log(EOS)) significantly correlated with high total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)levels in the overall population, as well as in men and women, while certain associations between peripheral blood eosinophil percentage and serum lipids varied by gender. These correlations existed across almost all BMI subgroups, and standardised β values decreased sequentially with increasing BMI. HDL-C had the most significant effect on eosinophils in obese women. Two-factor analysis of variance showed log(EOS) increased with higher BMI and hyperlipidemia whether in male or female and a synergistic effect exists of lipid levels (TG and LDL-C) and BMI in men.ConclusionsBlood eosinophil counts were correlated with blood lipid levels and modified by body mass index status. The effects of lipid levels and body mass index on blood eosinophil counts were synergistic. Therefore, lipid metabolism may be involved in systemic eosinophil inflammation.

Diagnostic accuracy of blood eosinophils in comparison to other common biomarkers for identifying sputum eosinophilia in patients with chronic cough

BackgroundSputum eosinophilia is a treatable trait for chronic cough. It is currently not clear whether the blood eosinophil counts could be used to identify sputum eosinophilia in patients with chronic cough. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of blood eosinophils in comparison to other common type 2 biomarkers for identifying sputum eosinophilia in patients with chronic cough. MethodsIn this prospective study, a total of 658 patients with chronic cough were enrolled. Induced-sputum test, routine blood test, total immunoglobulin E (TIgE), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level were measured. The percentage of sputum eosinophils (Eos%) ≥ 2.5% was defined as sputum eosinophilia. The area under the curve (AUC) of blood eosinophil counts, TIgE, and FeNO alone or in combination for predicting sputum eosinophilia were analyzed. ResultsThe AUC of blood eosinophil counts for predicting sputum eosinophilia in chronic cough patients was moderate [0.826 (0.767–0.885)], as compared to that of FeNO [0.784 (0.720–0.849), P = 0.280] and TIgE [0.686 (0.613–0.760), P = 0.001]. When combining blood eosinophil counts and FeNO for detecting sputum eosinophilia, a significantly larger AUC [0.868 (0.814–0.923), with a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 82.8%] was yielded, as compared to each single marker alone (all P < 0.05). ConclusionsBlood eosinophil counts have a moderate diagnostic value for identifying sputum eosinophilia in patients with chronic cough, while a combination of blood eosinophil counts and FeNO measurement can provide additional predictive value.

What is the tolerance age of patients with cow's milk protein allergy? What are the parameters that can predict its persistence?

Objective: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants. The natural history of CMA indicates that resolution is common. Some studies suggest that food allergies are now being resolved at an older age. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance and persistence characteristics, as well as the timing of tolerance, in our own CMA patients. Material and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with CMA and followed up in our pediatric immunology and allergy outpatient clinic between 2016-2021 years were evaluated retrospectively. Patients’ demographic characteristics, laboratory results, and tolerance time were recorded. Results: The 632 patients’ files were reviewed. 192 (30%) of the patients were followed for more than two years. The tolerance to baked products was observed with a median of 14 months, while the tolerance to fermented products was observed with a median of 17 months. Full tolerance was observed with a median of 25 months. The number of patients older than 2 years of age who could not consume any milk protein-containing product was 72 (11.4%) and 56 (77.7%) of them were IgE mediated CMA. The rate of girls with tolerance (43.5%) was found to be significantly higher than nontolerant girls (25%) (p=0.001). The mean skin test diameter of the tolerant group was significantly higher than the mean of the non-tolerant group (p=0.022). The percentage of eosinophils (p=0.003) and total IgE level (p=0.004) in the tolerant group were significantly lower compared to the intolerant group. There was no significant difference between the presence of tolerance in terms of allergy number, eosinophil count and specific IgE count (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Identifying the factors influencing tolerance can lead to changes in the management of the disease. We observed that 88.6% of patients older than 2 years were tolerant to milk proteins, and all patients with non-IgE mediated CMA achieved tolerance by 2 years of age. The ratio of total IgE to specific IgE, age, total IgE and specific IgE levels, presence of non-IgE or IgE mediated allergy, and gender were factors that influenced the development of tolerance in our study. Age at diagnosis and having a single or multiple food allergies did not impact the tolerance status. The prognosis for CMA remains favorable. The use of the milk ladder in managing CMA is an important approach for promoting early tolerance.

Higher Prevalence and Severity of Eosinophilic Otitis Media in Patients with Asthma-COPD Overlap Compared with Asthma Alone

Introduction: Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is well-known to frequently co-exist with adult-onset asthma. Both diseases are similar type 2 inflammation and are considered to have a “one airway, one disease” relationship. Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO), characterized by airway obstruction caused by airway wall thickening (AWT), is a severe condition with a higher incidence of mortality compared to asthma alone or COPD alone. Based on the “one airway, one disease” concept, we hypothesized that the inflammatory pathophysiology of EOM differs depending on its comorbidity with ACO or with asthma alone. Methods: A total of 77 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with asthma were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: a group with comorbid asthma alone (asthma group; 46 patients), and a group with comorbid ACO (ACO group; 31 patients). The 2 groups were compared and assessed with regard to various factors, including the patients’ clinical characteristics, prevalence rate of EOM, EOM severity, EOMs relationships with smoking and AWT, and the eosinophil and neutrophil cell counts in the middle ear effusion (MEE). Results: The ACO group included significantly more males (p < 0.05), was significantly older (p < 0.05), and showed significantly lower lung function values (FEV1 [L], FEV1 [%pred]) (p < 0.01) compared with the asthma group. The ACO group also had a significant history of smoking as shown by the Brinkman index (p < 0.01) and greater AWT as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography (p < 0.05). The EOM prevalence rate was significantly higher in the ACO group (p < 0.05), especially with increased ACO severity (p < 0.05). The EOM severity was also significantly higher in the ACO group (p < 0.05) and also correlated with the ACO severity (p < 0.05). The pretreatment ear clinical characteristics score and the average air conduction hearing level were significantly higher in the ACO group (p < 0.05). The eosinophil percentage in the MEE/otorrhea was significantly lower in the ACO group (25.3%) than in the asthma group (54.7%) (p < 0.05). Conversely, the neutrophil percentage was significantly higher in the ACO group (75.7% vs. 41.9%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, in CRS patients with asthma, comorbidity with ACO may be a clinical factor leading to increased EOM prevalence and severity, as well as a higher neutrophil infiltration percentage in the middle ear. Cessation of smoking and early therapeutic intervention for ACO may mitigate progression of bronchial remodeling (i.e., reduce AWT) and help reduce the prevalence and severity of EOM.

Minimal effective dose of maintenance steroid therapy for relapse of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

BackgroundLong-term maintenance steroid therapy (MST) is frequently required for repeated relapses of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP); however, the optimal minimal dose has not been clarified. Therefore, this study evaluated the minimal MST dose required to prevent repeated relapses and identify relapse predictors. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with steroid-treated COP and compared background factors between the non-relapse and relapse groups. We also reviewed the treatment course in the relapse group and determined the minimal effective steroid dose based on the MST dose at relapse events and the current relapse prevention dose. ResultsIn total, 48 patients were identified, including 27 (56%) in the non-relapse group and 21 (44%) in the relapse group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified prednisolone at 5 mg/day as the optimal cut-off value in the relapse group. Relapse-free time in patients with relapsed COP was significantly longer in the MST dose ≥5 mg/day group than in the <5 mg/day group (log-rank P = 0.003; hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04–0.60). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a high eosinophil percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were predictors of relapse (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02–1.23; P = 0.008 and OR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.29–11.6; P = 0.008, respectively). ConclusionsOur results indicate that 5 mg/day of prednisolone may be the minimal effective dose for preventing repeated relapses, and a high BALF eosinophil percentage and CD4/CD8 ratio are independent predictors of relapse.