Eosin Y Research Articles

Assembly of Eosin Y in-situ intercalated Zr-MOF composite for decontaminating Cr(VI) and reactive dyes via physical capture and photochemical purification

Post-modification based on highly water stable Zr-MOF introduces a novel dimension of functional regulation, offering a fresh perspective for the advancement of pragmatic photocatalysts in the water treatment field. In this study, an entirely novel Zr-MOF (NU-1400-py), featuring a topological network identical to that of NU-1400, has been assembled. The main difference is the replacement of TPTC's central benzene ring with a pyrimidine ring. Utilizing the inherent porosity and semiconducting properties, this Zr-MOF possesses the capability to physically trap Cr2O72- ions (136.43 mg/g), achieving photochemical purification of Cr(VI) and K-, X-, M-type reactive dyes from water. Moreover, another novel heterojunction material EY@Zr-MOF, has been fabricated via in-situ intercalation of luminescent Eosin Y (EY) species within Zr-MOF. Due to the sensitization of embedded EY molecules, EY@Zr-MOF exhibits significantly optimized interface resistance, transient photocurrent intensity and carrier migration efficiency compared to pristine Zr-MOF. Notably, the photochemical purification efficiencies of EY@Zr-MOF towards Cr2O72- (99.66 %, 30 min), RB13 (90.18 %, 120 min), RR2 (92.40 %, 300 min) and RR11 (84.80 %, 90 min) have been dramatically elevated, offering the considerably accelerated reaction kinetics of 1.24, 4.82, 2.48 and 6.23 times, respectively, compared to pristine Zr-MOF, the photochemical purification efficiencies of Zr-MOF towards Cr2O72- (97.88 %, 30 min), RB13 (85.55 %, 450 min), RR2 (71.38 %, 450 min) and RR11 (53.16 %, 240 min). Additionally, its photocatalytic REDOX mechanisms in eliminating target contaminants were proposed tentatively. This contribution offers a viable pathway for designing multi-functional materials aimed at solving some intractable environmental issues caused by Cr(VI) and reactive dyes.

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-chitosan nanogels for nanotechnological and catalytic applications

Polymer nanogels consisting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan [P(NC)] were synthesized using a free radical precipitation polymerization technique in an aqueous environment. This process involved the polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) with chitosan (CS) and a cross-linker. These P(NC) nanogels were utilized as nano-reactors for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were formed within the polymeric network through an in-situ reduction process using chloroauric acid [H(AuCl4)] as precursor salt and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reductant. Various analytical methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to confirm the formation of P(NC) nanogels and the incorporation and durability of AuNPs within the P(NC) nanogels. The AuNPs loaded P(NC) nanogels were utilized as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) into 4-aminophenol (4-AmP) in the presence of NaBH4. This system was also used to degrade a number of dyes including methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO), Rhodamine B (RhB), brilliant blue (BB) and eosin Y ((EY) by using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The Au-P(NC) catalyst exhibited remarkable efficiency, facilitating the fast reduction of 4-NiP and degradation of dyes within a very short interval of time. This system stands out for its economic usage, as even a small quantity of it can efficiently reduce toxic pollutants like 4-NiP and dyes. The results of the reactions highlighted exceptional yield, emphasizing the effectiveness and recyclability of the Au-P(NC) hybrid nanogels as highly capable catalysts.

Facile synthesis and optimization of Acacia senegal gum hydrogel for kinetically treated adsorptive removal of targeted industrial effluents

This context summarizes a detail on the fabrication of Acacia senegal Gum Hydrogel (ASGh) within well-engineered microemulsion, and thereafter chemical modification for environmental remediation. In brief, Divinylsulfone was used to crosslink polymeric chains and produce ASGh in ˂50 μm size within the reverse-microemulsion of Natrium-bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate in gasoline. ASGh were subjected to chemical modification via versatile diethylenetriamine to produce m-[ASGh] for adsorptive removal of methyl orange (MO), eosin Y (EY) and congo red (CR) from waste-water. ASGh and m-[ASGh] were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential measurements. For instance, FT-IR spectra depicted new bands upon Diethylenetriamine modification. The zeta potential measurements confirm a positively charged surface of m-[ASGh] upon Diethylenetriamine addition. Interestingly, 0.05 g m-[ASGh] demonstrated 91.0, 84.1, and 73.0 % removal efficiency towards MO, EY and CR, respectively in 2 h equilibrium time. Langmuir, Freundlich and modified-Freundlich isotherms were applied to further delineate adsorption data. Modified-Freundlich model depicted comparatively more agreeable fit, and delivered R2 value nearer to unity. Further, 143 mg·g−1, 130 mg·g−1 and, 116 mg·g−1 maximum adsorption capacity (QM) was represented by m-[ASGh] towards MO, EY and CR, respectively in 2 h. Interestingly, real water sample were tested whereby, the QM against MO, EY and CR was 146 mg·g−1, 132 mg·g−1 and, 111 mg·g−1, respectively in 2 h equilibrium time. To conclude, m-[ASGh] could be treated as decolorizing agent in real waste-water polluted through negatively charged organic pollutants, particularly MO.

Eosin Y Catalyzed Photochemical Synthesis of Arylated Phenothiazones.

In the presence of Eosin Y (EY), the synthesis of substituted phenothiazones was carried out efficiently using various substituted 2-aminothiophenol, diazonium salts, and 1,4-napthaquinones (1,4-NQ) at room temperature (RT) (condition: green LED of 525 nm, 44 W; reaction time: 8 h, isolated yield: 68-90%). A fluorescence quenching experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the triplet photoexcited state of EY (EY*; τT = 320 ± 10 ns) converts to EY+• via oxidative quenching by ArN2 + (-1.11 V vs SCE for EY* to EY+•) initially. Thiyl and aryl radicals were captured as TEMPO adducts in high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). The reaction was not inhibited by the addition of a singlet oxygen quencher such as 1,4-diazobicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO), which suggests that singlet oxygen is not participated.

Bio-Inspired Photosynthesis Platform for Enhanced NADH Conversion and L-Glutamate Synthesis.

Inspired by the layered structure, light absorption, and charge carrier pathway of chloroplast thylakoids in natural photosynthesis, we propose a novel artificial photosynthesis platform, which is composed of layered structured vaterite as the scaffold with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), photosensitizer eosin Y (EY), and redox enzyme L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) as the functional components. The EY exhibited significantly enhanced light absorption and charge carrier generation due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) around the AuNPs and light refraction within the layers. This artificial photosynthesis platform can regenerate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) under visible light and promote the rapid conversion of α-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate (0.453 Mm/h). The excellent biocompatibility of layered vaterite significantly enhances the resistance of GDH to harsh conditions, including high pH (pH = 10) and elevated temperatures (37-57 °C).

Supramolecular Light‐Harvesting Nanoarchitectonics Toward Self‐Locked Logic Gates

AbstractSupramolecules are considered a promising approach for molecular logic gates due to their inherent dynamic responsiveness driven by non‐covalent forces. However, the lack of input sequence dependence in these logic gates may lead to misinterpretation of outputs, compromising their reliability. This study proposes an efficient universal supramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform for logic gates with self‐locking features. Specifically, well‐designed naphthalene‐based monomers serve as energy donors, while dyes such as eosin Y (EY), rhodamine B (RhB), and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), spanning from yellow to red, are employed as energy acceptors. Leveraging large exciton migration rates (1.21 × 1014 to 1.36 × 1014 L mol−1 s−1) between donor and acceptors, FRET processes are effectively facilitated. Building upon this framework, supramolecular logic gates with self‐locking features are successfully constructed. Notably, in these logic gates, even with the correct truth table, any deviation in the order of inputs can lead to alterations in the original outputs.

Synthesis of Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 photocatalyst for the degradation of eosin-Y and methylene blue dye

The importance of the removal of dye from industrial wastewater is increasing day by day, as they contain substances that are carcinogenic and lethal to human beings. Due to their distinctive chemical and physical properties, nanomaterials have received substantial consideration. This study intended to prepare citrate-modified magnetic nanoparticles coated by titania hydrothermally to increase the photocatalytic activity. To characterize the Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles various instrumental techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used. The calculated average particle size of Cit-Fe3O4 was 13.4 nm while after titania covering particle size was changed to 15.8 nm due to the coating TiO2 shell over Fe3O4 which also has been via TEM analysis. The prepared Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles were used to degrade eosin Y (EY) under UV–visible lamp irradiation. The experimental outcomes reveal that the 96 % removal efficiency for EY dye in 70 min and 82 % of MB in 90 min. Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles can be considered reliable photocatalyst as there is a linear relation between the slope of the curve and irradiation time that corresponds to the pseudo-first-order kinetics for both dyes. Furthermore, to eliminate repetitious filtering procedures, Cit-Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles were utilized as an excellent photocatalyst for the degradation of textile dyes.

Enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using sono-dispersed mesoporous MgAl2O4 over carbon based materials

BackgroundThe presence of organic dyes in water poses serious environmental and health concerns, necessitating effective remediation strategies. MethodThis research investigates the synthesis of mesoporous MgAl2O4-carbon active nanocomposites, MAS-CA(10) and MAS-C3N4(10), via a two-step method: (1) MAS prepared by solution combustion technique, and (2) MAS-CA(10) and MAS-C3N4(10) nanocomposites obtained by ultrasound-assisted impregnation of MAS with carbon active and graphitic carbon nitride, respectively. FindingThe incorporation of carbon active significantly enhanced the textural properties of MAS-CA, including a high specific surface area (194.9 m2/g), large pore volume (0.81 cm3/g), and increased pore diameter (16.6 nm), facilitating improved dye adsorption and photocatalytic efficiency. The optimized MAS-CA(10) nanocomposite demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic performance, achieving 87.1 % methylene blue (MB) removal, 73 % eosin Y (EY) degradation, and 64.1 % acid orange 7 (AO7) degradation within 140 min under simulated solar irradiation. The influence of initial solution pH, photocatalyst reusability (only 7 % activity drop after 4 cycles), and the proposed mechanism for MB degradation over MAS-CA(10) were investigated. The calculated apparent rate constant for MB degradation over MAS-CA(10) was 0.0174 min−1. This study presents a facile and cost-effective approach for developing highly efficient mesoporous nanophotocatalysts for organic dye remediation under solar light.

Effective removal of acetamiprid and eosin Y by adsorption on pristine and modified MIL-101(Fe)

In this work, the efficacy of two metal–organic frameworks (MIL-101(Fe) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe)) in eliminating acetamiprid (ATP) insecticide and eosin Y (EY) dye from aqueous solution is tested. An analysis was conducted on the developed nanocomposite’s optical, morphological, and structural characteristics. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics, reusability, and mechanisms for ATP and EY dye removal were assessed. NH2-MIL-101(Fe) adsorbed 76% and 90% of ATP pesticide and EY dye, respectively after 10 to 15 min in optimum conditions. For both adsorbents, with regard to explaining the isotherm data, the Langmuir model offered the most accurate description. Moreover, the adsorption of ATP and EY dye is described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of ATP and EY dye on MIL-101(Fe) were 57.6 and 48.9 mg/g compared to 70.5 and 97.8 mg/g using NH2-MIL-101(Fe). The greatest amount of ATP and EY dye clearance was obtained at a neutral medium for both adsorbents. The results of this investigation demonstrate the effectiveness of MIL-101(Fe) and NH2-MIL-101(Fe) as effective substances in the adsorption process for removing pesticides and dyes from aqueous solution.

Hydrophilic Poly(meth)acrylates by Controlled Radical Branching Polymerization: Hyperbranching and Fragmentation.

Topology significantly impacts polymer properties and applications. Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using inimers typically exhibit broad molecular weight distributions and limited control over branching. Alternatively, copolymerization of inibramers (IB), such as α-chloro/bromo acrylates with vinyl monomers, yields HBPs with precise and uniform branching. Herein, we described the synthesis of hydrophilic HB polyacrylates in water by copolymerizing a water-soluble IB, oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether 2-bromoacrylate (OEOBA), with various hydrophilic acrylate comonomers. Visible-light-mediated controlled radical branching polymerization (CRBP) with dual catalysis using eosin Y (EY) and copper complexes resulted in HBPs with various molecular weights (M n = 38 000 to 170 000) and degrees of branching (2%-24%). Furthermore, the optimized conditions enabled the successful application of the OEOBA to synthesize linear-hyperbranched block copolymers and hyperbranched polymer protein hybrids (HB-PPH), demonstrating its potential to advance the synthesis of complex macromolecular architecture under environmentally benign conditions. Copolymerization of hydrophilic methacrylate monomer, oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA500), and inibramer OEOBA was accompanied by fragmentation via β-carbon C-C bond scission and subsequent growth of polymer chains from the fragments. Furthermore, computational studies investigating the fragmentation depending on the IB and comonomer structure supported the experimental observations. This work expands the toolkit of water-soluble inibramers for CRBP and highlights the critical influence of the inibramer structure on reaction outcomes.

Eosin Y derivatives for visible light-mediated free-radical polymerization: Applications in 3D-photoprinting and bacterial photodynamic inactivation

This study reports the design and the subsequent use of mono-allylated (EY-MA) and di-allylated (EY-DA) derivatives of eosin Y (EY) as highly efficient visible light-sensitive photosensitizers (PS) of bio-based H-donor molecules (cysteamine (Cys) or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)) and an electron donor (N-methyldiethanolamine, MDEA) for free-radical and thiol-acrylate polymerizations of a biobased monomer derived from soybean oil (SOA) upon exposure to visible light. High final acrylate conversions for SOA polymerization (up to 80 %) evidence the efficient photoinitiating properties of the eosin derivatives systems under irradiation with light emitting diodes (LEDs) centred at 405, 455 and 505 nm, and outperform those obtained with EY and other common photosensitizers such as camphorquinone or benzophenone. As described by fluorescence and phosphorescence analyses, laser flash photolysis (LFP) and electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping (EPR-ST) experiments, EY-MA and EY-DA can react via a proton/proton-coupled electron transfer reaction with Cys (or NAC) and MDEA respectively. The efficient singlet oxygen generation of the EY-MA-based materials upon exposure to visible light leads to excellent antibacterial properties, against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). A 3-log decrease of E. coli adhesion on the surface of the materials is observed and 100 % adhesion inhibition of S. aureus is also demonstrated. The co-polymerization of the eosin-derived PS with the polymer matrix ensures sustainable antibacterial properties against both bacteria strains upon visible light exposure as it prevents their leakage out of the polymer network. Finally, finely complex 3D structures are successfully obtained by a 3D-photoprinting technology with the investigated EY-MA-based formulation using LED@405 nm.

Enzyme-free and label-free detection of HER2 in human serum based on Ag+-released hybridization chain reaction signal amplification

The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been linked to aggressive breast cancer and worse clinical outcomes. However, accurately measuring HER2 remains challenging, due to its low serum content. Herein, we developed a novel method for HER2 detection in serum by the combination of aptamer with C-Ag+-C structure, Ag+-released hybridization chain reaction (Ag+-HCR) and coprecipitation of Ag+ and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the solution including Eosin Y (EY) and AgI colloids. Following the aptamer bound to HER2, signal amplification occurred through the release of numerous Ag+ by Ag+-HCR. This process subsequently induced AuNPs aggregation on the surface of AgI colloids, resulting in reduced fluorescence intensity of EY in the supernatant. The reduced value of EY fluorescence intensity in the supernatant was proportional to the level of HER2. Under optimized reaction conditions, a wide detection range was obtained between 0.09 and 9000 pg/mL with a limit of detection of 11.7 fg/mL in diluted human serum, and 96 serum samples in a 96-well plate could be measured simultaneously by a microtiter plate reader within 2 h. Moreover, the quantitative results of HER2 were consistent with those obtained using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (r = 0.9995). Therefore, leveraging the delicate design of Ag+-HCR signal amplification, this enzyme-free, label-free, and effective method has demonstrated to be capable of detecting HER2 in serum due to its high sensitivity. Remarkably, this method may be extended to detect other cancer-related proteins and genes by replacing the corresponding target sequences.

A green reaction-based turn-off fluorescence sensor for determination of copper ions: DFT calculations, quenching mechanism, green chemistry metrics, and application in environmental samples.

When Cu(II) reacts with ascorbic acid (AA) to form Cu(I), Cu(I) can combine with eosin Y (EY) to form ionic associations, resulting in significant fluorescence quenching of the EY. Based on the turn-off of fluorescence in the chemosensor EY, a green reaction is proposed herein for the detection of Cu(II). The novel detection method for Cu(II) demonstrates simplicity, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity, rendering it suitable for analyzing environmental samples. A static fluorescence quenching mechanism is validated through the Stern-Volmer relationship, and the thermodynamic parameters of the reaction are explored using a van 't Hoff plot. The reaction mechanism is investigated via fluorescence spectra, absorption spectra, and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The probe's green nature is confirmed by applying four green analytical chemistry metrics.

One-pot synthesis of amorphous/crystalline SnO2/BaSO4 composite sensitized with Eosin Y for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production

For the dye-sensitized heterogeneous photocatalytic system, the main challenge is the design of support materials with low cost, good adsorption capacity and facilitated electron transfer ability. Herein, an amorphous/crystalline SnO2/BaSO4 composite with unique leaf-like morphology composed of four protruded corners was developed by an one-pot coprecipitation method at room temperature. The low-cost crystalline BaSO4 acted as the support material for Eosin Y (EY) sensitization and did not inhibit the light absorption of EY, and the amorphous SnO2 uniformly coated on BaSO4 provided good conductivity to benefit for the transport of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), the EY-sensitized SnO2/BaSO4 showed excellent photocatalytic activity with H2-production rate of 263 μmol h−1, which was 7.5 times that of EY or EY-sensitized bare BaSO4, and the apparent quantum yield achieved to be 11.2 % at 500 nm.

Coupling amorphous WO3 with WP as a cocatalyst for efficient dye-sensitizated photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Tungsten phosphide (WP) as an excellent hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) catalyst has attracted widespread attention, but its HER activity is low in alkaline media due to high water dissociation barrier. Herein, noble-metal-free cocatalyst WP/WO3 composite was synthesized by adjusting the P/W molar ratio in the raw material using a simple solid phosphidation reaction. The structure, morphology, composition, and optoelectronic properties of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV–vis DRS, PL techniques, and electrochemical methods. Under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), the photocatalytic HER activities of the as-prepared samples using Eosin-Y (EY) dye as a sensitizer and trimethylamine (TMA) as an electron donor were investigated. The result shows that WP/WO3 composite as a cocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic HER activity and good stability. The highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) reaches 32.8 %. The presence of amorphous WO3 in crystalline WP can improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, reduce HER overpotential, and promote the dissociation of H2O in alkaline media. Therefore, the photocatalytic HER activity of WP/WO3 composite is higher than that of single crystalline WP.

Ion Pairing Enables Targeted Prodrug Activation via Red Light Photocatalysis: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Anticancer Gold Complexes.

Photocatalysis has found increasing applications in biological systems, for example, in localized prodrug activation; however, high-energy light is usually required without giving sufficient efficiency and target selectivity. In this work, we report that ion pairing between photocatalysts and prodrugs can significantly improve the photoactivation efficiency and enable tumor-targeted activation by red light. This is exemplified by a gold-based prodrug (1d) functionalized with a morpholine moiety. Such a modification causes 1d to hydrolyze in aqueous solution, forming a cationic species that tightly interacts with anionic photosensitizers including Eosin Y (EY) and Rose Bengal (RB), along with a significant bathochromic shift of absorption tailing to the far-red region. As a result, a high photoactivation efficiency of 1d by EY or RB under low-energy light was found, leading to an effective release of active gold species in living cells, as monitored by a gold-specific biosensor (GolS-mCherry). Importantly, the morpholine moiety, with pKa ∼6.9, in 1d brings in a highly pH-sensitive and preferential ionic interaction under a slightly acidic condition over the normal physiological pH, enabling tumor-targeted prodrug activation by red light irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Since a similar absorption change was found in other morpholine/amine-containing clinic drugs, photocages, and precursors of reactive labeling intermediates, it is believed that the ion-pairing strategy could be extended for targeted activation of different prodrugs and for mapping of an acidic microenvironment by low-energy light.

Construction of an Artificial Light-Harvesting System with Photocatalytic Activity Based on Nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril in Aqueous Solution.

A supramolecular assembly was constructed based on the tetraphenylethylene derivatives (TPEs) and nor-seco-cucurbit[10]uril (ns-Q[10]). Upon introduction of the dye Rhodamine B (RB) into the TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly, an energy transfer process can occur from the TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly to RB. Moreover, after the addition of Nile Red (NiR), a two-step sequential energy transfer process from the TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly to RB and then to NiR can occur. Additionally, the dye Eosin Y (ESY) was introduced into the TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly and an energy transfer process can take place from the TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly to ESY. To utilize the harvested energy from the TPEs@ns-Q[10]-RB-NiR and TPEs@ns-Q[10]-ESY system, we applied the TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly-based light-harvesting systems (LHSs) as a catalyst for the advancement of the photocatalytic dehalogenation reaction in aqueous solution. When promoted with 0.5 mol % catalyst, the reaction yield reached 78 and 68%, demonstrating the promising potential of TPEs@ns-Q[10] assembly-based LHSs in the promotion of the photocatalytic dehalogenation reaction.

Design of low-cost natural casein biopolymer based adsorbent for efficient adsorption of multiple anionic dyes and diclofenac sodium from aqueous solutions

The treatment of various organic pollutants from industrial wastewater using bio-based materials has gained significant attention owing to their excellent properties such as low-cost, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and biodegradability. In this perspective, casein (Cn), a protein-based biopolymer, was extracted from the cow milk as a low-cost adsorbent, and the adsorption performances were determined for the pristine Cn. The adsorbent was employed for the removal of two different classes of targeted pollutant anionic dyes such as Congo red (CR), Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Eosin Y (EY), and pharmaceutical waste i.e., diclofenac sodium (DS) and displayed better adsorption performances with the maximum adsorption capacity of 85.54, 31.72, 70.42 and 358.42 mg g-1 respectively. The interactions between Cn and pollutants are mainly ascribed to the electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, and π-π interactions. Furthermore, to validate with realistic application the adsorbent proved with an excellent removal efficiency of 91.43% for fabric whitener i.e., Ujala Supreme®. These obtained results suggest that the Cn could be the potential adsorbent to effectively eliminate toxic pollutants from the aqueous solutions.

Insights into application of aqueous biphasic systems of deep eutectic solvents composed of benzyltrialkylammonium chloride in dye separation

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are considered the newest entry in the list of green solvents and they are analogues of ionic liquids (ILs), with excellent solvent characteristics better than commonly used organic solvents and ILs. Owing to this, We have prepared DES using benzyltrialkylammonium chloride (BTAAC) including benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC), and benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and glycols, like ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) were developed using the synthesized DESs and K3PO4, K2HPO4, and K2CO3 at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The phase-forming ability of DES has been evaluated based on the nature of potassium salts, HBA and HBD. In most cases, the influence of salts on ABS formation was found to follow the order: K3PO4 > K2HPO4 > K2CO3, while HBAs follow: BTBAC > BTEAC > BTMAC. The performance of the ABSs was experimentally applied for the extraction of Methyl orange (MO), Eriochrome black T (EBT), and Eosin Y (EY). In most ABS, the extraction order for the studied dyes noticed was: MO < EBT < EY, consistent with their hydrophobic nature. ABS consisting of BTBAC:TEG + K2HPO4 and BTBAC:TEG + K3PO4 was found to lead to the complete extraction of MO, EBT, and EY. The recovery of extracted EY dye was performed by adsorption method using starch-modified chitosan as an adsrobent.

Wheat flour-derived amyloid fibrils for efficient removal of organic dyes from contaminated water

Amyloid fibrils derived from different proteins have been proved as a promising material for adsorption of various pollutants from wastewater, which showed advantages of low cost and eco-friendliness. However, most of the amyloid fibrils derived from animal-based proteins with high environmental footprint, while more sustainable amyloid fibrils derived from plant materials are desirable. In this study, a plant-derived amyloid fibril was extracted from the commonly used wheat flour with a simple and scalable protein purification and fibrillization process. Interestingly, the amyloid fibrils showed good adsorption capacity towards typical organic dyes (Eosin Y (EY) and Congo red (CR)) from contaminated water. Adsorption kinetic analysis indicated the adsorption process to EY or CR by wheat flour amyloid well fitted with a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption also followed a Langmuir isothermal model with adsorption capacities of 333 mg/g and 138 mg/g towards CR and EY, respectively. This work demonstrated the feasibility to utilize the plant-based amyloid fibril for organic dyes removal from contaminated water, which provided an affordable, sustainable and scalable tool for organic dyes removal from wastewater.Graphical