Enzyme Levels In Patients Research Articles

Preoperative hyperamylasemia relates to renal dysfunction and hyperamylasemia in cardiac surgery: an observational study.

The role of preoperative hyperamylasemia in the perioperative enzyme levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is unclear. The primary outcome of this observational clinical study was to determine whether patients with preoperative hyperamylasemia undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery document an increase in serum amylase levels perioperatively compared with patients with normal serum amylase levels preoperatively. This prospective study evaluated serum total, pancreatic, and salivary amylase levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and serum creatinine before the operation at postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, 3, and 7. We also followed up on any perioperative symptoms, including abdominal pain and lower ear or jaw swelling. We preoperatively had 157 patients with normal amylase levels (Normal group) and 45 with hyperamylasemia (Hyperamylasemia group). The Hyperamylasemia group demonstrated continuously lower eGFR and higher creatinine values at the preoperative time, postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7, compared with the Normal group. The Hyperamylasemia group showed higher serum total, pancreatic, and salivary amylase levels at preoperative (total 70 [55-90] [Normal] vs. 142 [107 to 162] [Hyperamylasemia] IU/L, median [25-75th percentile], P < 0.001) and postoperative periods compared with the Normal group. The relationship between renal dysfunction and serum amylase levels in all patients was significant in the preoperative, but not postoperative, periods. We noted no patients demonstrating clinical symptoms. Preoperative hyperamylasemia in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery was associated with renal dysfunction without needing hemodialysis. However, whether the relation affects postoperative serum amylase levels is inconclusive.

Evaluation of MMP-9 enzyme in drug-induced suicide cases admitted to the emergency room

ObjectiveThis study investigates MMP-9 enzyme levels in patients who attempted suicide by taking high doses of drugs, considering their sociodemographic characteristics. MethodsThe study included 45 patients who attempted suicide by high-dose drug intake admitted to the emergency room and 45 healthy volunteers with no neuropsychiatric disorders. Blood samples were collected to measure MMP-9 levels, and informed consent was obtained. The samples were centrifuged and analyzed using the ELISA method, with results statistically compared. ResultsFindings indicate that being single and a student significantly increased suicide tendencies (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). Psychiatric disorders were the most common cause at 40.0%, followed by antidepressants (55.6%), analgesics (20.0%), and antidiabetics (8.9%) as the most used drugs for suicide. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in patients who attempted suicide compared to controls (83.74 (±7.14) ng/mL vs. 54.97 (±12.27) ng/mL, p = 0.001). Additionally, MMP-9 levels were higher in single patients compared to married or divorced individuals (p = 0.008). MMP-9 levels were lower in patients with psychiatric disorders, recent psychiatric services, family history of psychiatric disorders, and previous suicide attempts (p = 0.014, p = 0.046, p = 0.035, p = 0.034). ConclusionsThis study shows MMP-9 enzyme can be a potential biomarker for drug-induced suicide attempts, emphasizing the importance of evaluating MMP-9 levels to assess suicide risk and develop prevention strategies.

Intermittent Fasting on Cancer: An Update

Intermittent fasting (IF) has garnered considerable interest as a dietary intervention with potential therapeutic benefits for various medical conditions, particularly cancer. This review provides a comprehensive update on the effects of IF on cancer, emphasizing its impact on metabolic, hormonal, and cellular mechanisms. IF has been shown to improve glycemic control and reduce liver enzyme levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting a reduction in liver cancer risk. It can significantly reduce tumor growth and enhance apoptosis in breast cancer by lowering insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels. In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), IF offers superior metabolic and hormonal regulation, potentially lowering cancer risk. IF mitigates chemotherapy-related toxicities, thereby improving patient quality of life. It modulates metabolic pathways, reduces inflammation, and enhances drug delivery in cancer therapy. Personalized dietary strategies, including IF and ketogenic diets, are crucial in cancer care. IF also benefits liver conditions by reducing inflammation and fibrosis, preventing the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. In obesity-induced triple-negative breast cancer, IF disrupts critical processes involved in cancer progression. In addition, aligning IF with circadian rhythms has shown promise in treating lung cancer. Patient perspectives reveal that IF is feasible and acceptable, improving treatment adherence and quality of life. Overall, IF represents a multifaceted approach to cancer prevention and therapy. This review advocates for further research to establish standardized guidelines for implementing IF in oncology, aiming to develop more effective and holistic cancer treatment strategies.

The Relationship Between Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme Levels and Myeloid Engraftment in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

BackgroundThe early detection of myeloid engraftment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is of clinical importance for clinicians. In this study, we evaluated whether serum lactic dehydrogenase enzyme levels are significant predictors in the early detection of successful myeloid engraftment after HSCT. MethodsThe study included 74 patients, all of whom underwent HSCT between February 2014 and June 2020. Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and complete blood parameters were evaluated at the start of the preparation regimen, on the day of product infusion, 5 days before myeloid engraftment, on the day of myeloid engraftment, and 5 days after engraftment. ResultsLDH enzyme levels increased statistically significantly 5 days before myeloid engraftment (P = .005), and this increase was observed to continue on the day of engraftment, and 5 days after engraftment, but the differences between the measurements 5 days before engraftment and those on the day of engraftment, and 5 days after engraftment were statistically insignificant (P > .05). There was no significant difference in LDH enzyme levels between the measurements made at the beginning of the preparation regimen and those made on the infusion day (P > .05). ConclusionsIncreased LDH enzyme levels after HSCT are associated with increased myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. The monitoring of serum LDH levels and the detection of the onset of increase in enzyme levels in patients undergoing HSCT may be predictors of engraftment.

Decreased Hepatic Functional Reserve Increases the Risk of Piperacillin/Tazobactam-Induced Abnormal Liver Enzyme Levels: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ), which is a combination of a beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor, often causes liver enzyme abnormalities. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a simple index that uses the serum albumin and total bilirubin levels for estimating hepatic functional reserve. Although patients with low hepatic reserve may be at high risk for drug-induced liver enzyme abnormalities, the relationship between PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzymes levels and the ALBI score remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels and the ALBI score. This single-center retrospective case-control study included 335 patients. The primary outcome was PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels. We performed COX regression analysis with male gender, age (≥75 years), alanine aminotransferase level (≥20 IU/L), and ALBI score (≥-2.00) as explanatory factors. To investigate the influence of the ALBI score on the development of abnormal liver enzyme levels, 1:1 propensity score matching between the ≤-2.00 and ≥-2.00 ALBI score groups was performed using the risk factors for drug-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels. The incidence of abnormal liver enzyme levels was 14.0% (47/335). COX regression analysis revealed that an ALBI score ≥-2.00 was an independent risk factor for PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.08, 95% coefficient interval: 1.207-7.835, P = 0.019). After 1:1 propensity score matching, the Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the cumulative risk for PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels was significantly higher in the ALBI score ≥-2.00 group (n = 76) than in the <-2.00 group (n = 76) (P = 0.033). An ALBI score ≥-2.00 may predict the development of PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels. Therefore, frequent monitoring of liver enzymes should be conducted to minimize the risk of severe PIPC/TAZ-induced abnormal liver enzyme levels in patients with low hepatic functional reserve.

Evaluation of antioxidant enzyme levels, oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity in testicular cancer.

Testicular cancer is a significant malignancy affecting males, and understanding the underlying biochemical changes associated with the disease is essential for improved management and treatment strategies. Prolidase enzyme, has been implicated in various disease processes. The assessment of serum prolidase activity and its relationship with testicular cancer can provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate serum prolidase activity, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with testicular cancer and evaluate their potential associations, aiming to enhance our understanding of the biochemical alterations and potential implications for testicular cancer management. A total of 33 male patients diagnosed with testicular cancer were included, along with 35 age-matched male volunteers as the control group. Serum samples were collected and stored at -20°C until analysis. The measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and prolidase levels was performed. The findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum prolidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testicular cancer patients compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels were significantly lower in testicular cancer patients (p < 0.05). In this study, serum prolidase activity and biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress were investigated in testicular cancer patients. Oxidative stress markers and serum prolidase activity were found to be elevated in testicular cancer. Long-term prospective studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant use in cancer treatment.

Incidence of Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels in Patients Receiving Remdesivir and Its Effective Factors.

Emergency use of remdesivir was approved for COVID-19 in some countries. Based on the promising results of remdesivir, the most common side effects were nausea, worsening respiratory failure, increased alanine aminotransferase levels, and constipation. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of elevated liver enzymes in patients with COVID-19 receiving remdesivir. In this retrospective study, information was collected from patients' files. The study population included patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 who were admitted to Rouhani Babol Hospital. For daily patient selection, the list of patients was extracted from the system, and based on the census, the patient file was selected. Data were analyzed using Stata 16. 620 patients suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19 were included in this study, 43% of whom were men. Of these patients, 120 were selected as the control group who did not receive remdesivir. The increase in liver enzymes in patients receiving remdesivir compared with the control, for alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), respectively, was 6.20 and 3.64 times, but it was not statistically significant for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also, the increase in bilirubin levels in patients receiving remdesivir was not statistically significant. The recipients of remdesivir had high liver enzymes, which is one of the possible side effects of this drug. The intensity of the enzymes was mild and moderate, and they were not dangerous to the health of any of the consumers. Deaths in patients with COVID-19 were not due to drug-induced liver complications but to other factors such as disease-related complications.

Impact of Silymarin Supplements on Liver Enzyme Levels: A Systematic Review.

Silymarin, extracted from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), is esteemed for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, notably within liver-related contexts. Nevertheless, a comprehensive grasp of its effects on liver enzymes remains elusive. This systematic review aims to scrutinize the influence of silymarin supplements on liver enzyme levels, elucidating its potential for hepatoprotection. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we systematically reviewed pertinent studies in PubMed/MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online). Our inclusion criteria comprised randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published between 1992 and 2023, accessible in English, with a primary focus on liver enzyme levels. Non-original research, ambiguously defined studies, and those lacking essential data were excluded. Of the 1,707 initially identified articles, 29 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 3,846 participants with diverse underlying conditions. Silymarin dosages ranged from 140 mg to 420 mg, administered for various durations. Results revealed that 65.5% of the studies reported reduced liver enzyme levels, 20.7% exhibited no significant change, and 13.8% observed elevated liver enzymes. The systematic review implies a potential advantageous influence of silymarin on liver enzyme levels, indicating its hepatoprotective potential. Nevertheless, outcome disparities may stem from comorbidities, suboptimal doses, and underlying diseases. Notably, silymarin's impact on liver enzymes could be context-dependent, with varying responses among different conditions, with the decrease of liver enzyme levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Silymarin supplements exhibit potential for hepatoprotection by ameliorating liver enzyme levels across diverse conditions. Further research should ascertain optimal dosages and contexts, accounting for individual patient characteristics and underlying diseases.

Vitamin C may reduce troponin and CKMB levels after PCI and CABG: a meta-analysis

BackgroundIschemia/reperfusion injury contributes to periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). PMI can be estimated by the elevation of troponin (Tn) and creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) plasma levels, and it is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Vitamin C might have a beneficial effect on PMI by improving endothelial function, improving myocardial perfusion, and by reducing oxidative stress generated during/after reperfusion. In several small animal models of cardiac stress, vitamin C reduced the increase in Tn and CKMB levels. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether vitamin C administration may have an effect on Tn and CKMB levels in patients undergoing PCI or CABG.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Scopus databases for controlled clinical trials reporting on Tn and CKMB levels in adult patients who underwent PCI or CABG and received vitamin C. As secondary outcomes we collected data on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the included trials. In our meta-analysis, we used the relative scale and estimated the effect as the ratio of means.ResultsWe found seven controlled trials which included 872 patients. All included trials administered vitamin C intravenously, with a range from 1 to 16 g/day, and all initiated vitamin administration prior to the procedure. Vitamin C decreased peak Tn plasma levels in four trials on average by 43% (95% CI: 13 to 63%, p = 0.01) and peak CKMB plasma levels in five trials by 14% (95% CI: 8 to 21%, p < 0.001). Vitamin C also significantly decreased the biomarkers of oxidative stress.ConclusionsVitamin C may decrease cardiac enzyme levels in patients undergoing elective PCI or CABG. This may be explained partially by its antioxidant effects. Our findings encourage further research on vitamin C administration during cardiac procedures and in other clinical contexts that increase the level of cardiac enzymes. Future studies should search for an optimal dosing regimen, taking baseline and follow-up plasma vitamin C levels into account.

Assessing the impact of chlorella phenolic-rich extract on gastrointestinal health and function

Chlorella phenolic-rich extract has been studied due to its potential therapeutic effects on the gastrointestinal tract. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that consumption of Chlorella phenolic-rich extract can modulate gut microbiota, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Several studies have shown that Chlorella supplementation may improve symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as reducing liver enzyme levels in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and H. pylori infection rates in children. However, further research should be conducted to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits of Chlorella phenolic-rich extract in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients should consult with experts before taking Chlorella, so that they can be made aware of the potential side effects and any relevant mediation interactions. Overall, the use of Chlorella phenolic-rich extract is an innovative subject where there is a need for researchers to examine the potential treatment of various gastrointestinal conditions. Additional researchers are needed to fully evaluate its effectiveness and safety.

Effects of one-year supplementation with Phyllanthus niruri on fibrosis score and metabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background and purposeand purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant global health concern with limited pharmacotherapy options. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized extract of Phyllanthus niruri in mild-to-moderate NAFLD. Materials and methodsThis was a 12-month randomized controlled trial, in which adults with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score >250 dB/m and a fibrosis score <10 kPa were randomly assigned to receive a standardized P. niruri extract at a dose of 3,000 mg daily (n = 112) or a placebo (n = 114). The primary outcomes were changes in CAP score and liver enzyme levels, while the secondary outcomes were changes in other metabolic parameters. The analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. ResultsAfter 12 months, there was no significant difference in the change of CAP score between the intervention and control groups (−15.05 ± 36.76 dB/m vs. −14.74 ± 41.08 dB/m; p = 0.869). There was also no significant difference in the changes of liver enzyme levels between the two groups. However, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in fibrosis score, which was not observed in the control group (−0.64 ± 1.66 kPa versus 0.10 ± 1.61 kPa; p = 0.001). No major adverse events were reported in either group. ConclusionThis study showed that P. niruri did not significantly reduce CAP score and liver enzyme levels in patients with mild-to-moderate NAFLD. However, a significant improvement in fibrosis score was observed. Further research is needed to determine its clinical benefits at different dosages for NAFLD treatment.

Examining dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome and liver enzyme levels in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in population from Hoveyzeh cohort study: A case-control study in Iran.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the world's top 10 leading causes of death. Additionally, prediabetes is a major risk factor for diabetes. Identifying diabetes co-occurring disorders can aid in reducing adverse effects and facilitating early detection. In this study, we evaluated dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and liver enzyme levels in pre-diabetic and T2DM patients in the Persian cohort compared to a control group. In this cross-sectional study, 2259 pre-diabetes, 1664 T2DM and 5840 controls (35-70 years) who were selected from the Hoveyzeh cohort centre were examined. Body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and liver enzymes: γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined using the standard protocols. MetS subjects were also identified based on the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. Prediabetes and T2MD were closely correlated with the lipid profile, MetS, and liver enzymes (ALT, GGT, ALT/AST). MetS increases the risk of T2DM by 12.45 [95% CI: 10.88-14.24] fold, while an increase in ALT/AST ratio increases the risk of T2DM by 3.68 [95% CI: 3.159-4.154] fold. ROC curve analysis also revealed the diagnostic roles of GGT, ALT, AST and the ALT/AST ratio among pre-diabetics, diabetics and the control group. The GGT level corresponds to the highest AUCs (0.685) with the highest sensitivity (70.25%). Our results indicated a significant increase in liver enzymes, lipid profile and MetS status in both pre-diabetic and T2MD subjects, with the differences being more pronounced in diabetic individuals. Consequently, on the one hand, these variables may be considered predictive risk factors for diabetes, and on the other hand, they may be used as diagnostic factors. In order to confirm the clinical applications of these variables, additional research is required.

The enzymal substantiation of lymphotropic antibacterial therapy in an acute pancreatitis

Objective. To study the impact of antibacterial therapy on level of proteolytic enzymes on example of the neutrophils elastase, and clinical course of an acute pancreatitis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. There were investigated two groups of patients: in the main group (n=83) antibiotics were introduced by lymphotropic method, while in a control group (n=85) – in accordance to standard method. The content of the neutrophils elastase was determined in admittance day after 5 days of treatment.&#x0D; Results. In admittance to hospital the enzyme level in patients of both groups did not differ. After 5 days of antibacterial therapy the neutrophils elastase quantity have been reduced more after conduction of lymphotropic therapy than after the standard one. Reduction of level of the neutrophil elastase «deflected» have promoted the reduction of the pancreonecrosis infectioning, leading to reduction in the operative interventions quantity performed in the main group of patients (lymphotropic antibacterial therapy) in 2.1 times as well as their reconvalescence.&#x0D; Conclusion. Positive impact of lymphotropic antibacterial therapy towards «deflection» of proteolytic enzymes in the blood and on the acute pancreatitis course accordingly shows the reasons to recommend its application in this disease as an alternative to standard method.

Determination of liver enzyme levels in patients that infected with E.histolytica in Samarra city

The current study aimed to reveal the evaluation of the level of liver function in infected with the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, Blood samples were collected during the period from the beginning of August 2021 until the month of April 2022. The separated sera were kept at -20 degrees until use. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent adsorption (ELISA) technique was used to detect dysentery amoeba infection. ALP, ALT, AST concentrations were measured using Spectophotomertric method. In the current study, 250 samples were taken, and the number of samples infected with the dysentery amoeba parasite was 120 samples with a percentage of 48%, and the infection rate for sex was 85 samples infected with males by 59%, and about 35 samples were infected with 33% of females.The results of the current study showed a significant P≤0.05 increase in the levels of (GPT 4.464±54.214), , ALP 0.5542±6.7440 when compared with control group (7.14 ± 39.340 ) and 0.5699 ± 5.8061) There was an increase in the levels of (ALT 4.409±46.35), AST 7.19±62.44, ALP 0.42386±6.4563) when compared with control group (7.14±39.340, 9.75±54.16, 0.5699±5.8061 respectively.

Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Enzyme Level In Preoperative Anxiety Patients

Background: Incidence of perioperative anxiety is very high, many preoperative patient experience anxiety . Thiamine acts as an essential nutrition funtionate as cofactor enzyme in most of mitochondria in brain. Brain is very susceptible to thiamine deficiency because its dependency on mitochondrial ATP production. Decreased ATP production result in inhibition of COMT activity. Low COMT levels indicated tendency for anxiety. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of thiamine in increasing COMT enzyme levels in patient with preoperative anxiety&#x0D; Methods : A true experiment with pretest-posttest control group and double-blind design conducted at the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care of University of North Sumatra in August 2019. The 60 patients were analyzed which were planned for and done an elective surgery under general anesthesia. Preoperative anxiety was measured with Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) and COMT enzyme level measured by ELISA assays. &#x0D; Results : The results showed that from 64 patients had incidence of preoperative anxiety in this study was 48.3%. We found that there is significant differences in COMT enzyme levels in thiamine group compared to control (p value = 0.001). In addition, it was seen that in thiamine group had an increased COMT levels from 0.96 ng/dL to 1.78 ng/dL, while in control group there also slight increasing from 0.44 ng/dL to 0.78 ng/dL. This show that increase in COMT levels is greater in thiamine group than control group. &#x0D; Conclusion : Thiamine can cause increasing COMT enzyme levels in patients scheduled for elective surgery with preoperative anxiety under general anesthesia

Hyper Alkaline Phosphatasemia in Patients with Prostatic Cancer, Central Sudan

Background: Aim: Estimation of alkaline phosphatase levels in prostate cancer patients attending the National Cancer Institute of Gezira University to determine the association between elevated alkaline phosphatase levels and metastases in prostatic cancer patients. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study to estimate alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels in patients with prostatic cancer who attended National Cancer Institute, Gezira University's between September and December 2018. A structured questionnaire was developed and prescribed to 100 subjects, which included personal and medically important information. The level of alkaline phosphatase was determined, and a biopsy was performed, with the results interpreted by a histopathologist. SPSS-23 was used to analyze the data. Results: Patients with metastatic prostatic cancer accounted for 50% of the patients in the research, and 51% of them had an alkaline phosphatase level greater than (124U/L). Bone metastasis was the most prevalent site of metastasis, accounting for 50% of all cases, whereas liver metastasis accounted for 12% of all cases. Radiation prostatectomy plus radiotherapy was the most prevalent treatment for prostatic cancer, accounting for 86 % of cases. In comparison to individuals with non-metastatic prostate cancer, the majority of patients with metastatic prostatic cancer had an elevated alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion: Finally, we discovered that the level of alkaline phosphatase is significantly raised in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Early detection and treatment will limit the impact of this serious condition.

Genetics are not likely to offer clinically useful predictions for elevated liver enzyme levels in patients using low dose methotrexate

ObjectiveTo examine genetic influence on the risk of elevations in liver function tests (AST and ALT) among patients using low-dose methotrexate (LD-MTX). MethodsWe examined data from the LD-MTX arm of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted among subjects without rheumatic disease. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) were performed in subjects of European ancestry to test the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the log transformed maximum values of AST, ALT, and dichotomized outcome with AST or ALT > 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN). The association between variants in MTX metabolism candidate genes and the outcomes was also tested. Furthermore, associations between a drug induced liver injury (DILI) weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and the outcomes were tested, combining 10 SNPs and 11 classical HLA alleles associated with DILI. ResultsIn genome-wide genetic analyses among 1,429 subjects of European ancestry who were randomized to receive LD-MTX, two SNPs reached genome wide significance for association with log transformed maximum ALT. We observed associations between established candidate genes in MTX pharmacogenetics and log transformed maximum AST and ALT, as well as in dichotomized outcome with AST or ALT > 2 x ULN. There was no association between DILI wGRS or candidate variants and AST, ALT, or DILI response. ConclusionsModest evidence was observed that common variants affected AST and ALT levels in subjects of European ancestry on LD-MTX, but this genetic effect is not useful as a clinical predictor of MTX toxicity.

CATECHOL-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE (COMT) ENZYME LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH PREOPERATIVE ANXIETY

&#x0D; The preoperative anxiety’s incidence is very high and mostly preoperative patients have anxiety. It was found that low COMT levels indicate a tendency to develop anxiety. Hence, this study aims to investigate COMT enzyme levels in patients with preoperative anxiety. This research is a purely experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design and double-blind. Measurement of COMT enzyme levels was executed by utilizing ELISA technique. Blood samples were taken from preoperative anxiety patients who were assessed with the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety Information Scale (APAIS). The research was carried out at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital and Regional General Hospital dr. Pirngadi Medan, and Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra. The were 64 samples involved in this research that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings show that COMT levels in the anxiety and control groups had differences with p values ​​= 0.014. In addition, COMT levels in the preoperative anxiety group were lower when compared to those without the preoperative anxiety group, where in the anxiety group had COMT enzyme levels of 0,14 ± 0,08 ng/dl, while in the control group had higher COMT levels 0,96 ± 1,11 ng/dl. The results showed that patients with preoperative anxiety had lower levels of the COMT enzyme compared to patients without preoperative anxiety. Researchers suspect there is a role for the COMT enzyme in causing preoperative anxiety.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

A study of correlation of PCSK9 enzyme levels in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

A study of correlation of PCSK9 enzyme levels in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

Bariatric Metabolic Surgery Reduced Liver Enzyme Levels in Patients with Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction. Approximately 93.3 million Americans are obese (BMI&gt;30) and 51% have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Progression of NAFLD can lead to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), the leading cause of liver transplant in the United States. This study analyzed liver enzymes following bariatric surgery in NAFLD patients up to one-year post-surgical intervention. Methods. A retrospective analysis of adults with NAFLD who underwent bariatric surgery from 2009 to 2016 was conducted. The primary outcome were transaminase levels following weight loss. Secondary outcomes included effects on blood glucose, lipids, and blood pressure. Results. A total of 130 participants consisting of 80% Caucasian females with an average BMI of 47.5 participated in the study. Reductions were noted in ALT (66.2 to 28.6 units/L) and AST (46.3 to 24.2 units/L) at 1 year post-surgical intervention. Significant reductions were also noted in blood glucose (22.34%; p &lt; .0001), HbA1c (17.11% p &lt; .0001), LDL (19.75% p = .0046), total cholesterol (10.12% p = .0153), and triglycerides (37.21% p &lt; .0001) with an increase in HDL (17.22% p = .0007). Significant correlations between alkaline phosphatase and ALT were noted at six months (p=.0101) and one year (p= .0547) and AST at six months (p=.0009). When separated by obesity class, participants with class II obesity experienced improved outcomes. Conclusions. Data obtained from this study indicated that bariatric surgery reduces liver enzyme levels in NAFLD. These findings suggest that bariatric surgery is a viable treatment option for participants with NAFLD.