Diclofenac in medical wastewater poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. A simple and efficient enrichment strategy has been established for the selective identification and removal for diclofenac in environmental water samples applying MOF based polymeric deep eutectic solvent (Poly(DES)@MOF). Poly(DES)@MOF was synthesized using a surface imprinting method. The components included MOF-199 as the support material, diclofenac as the template, and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and methacrylate (1:2) as the functional monomer. Density functional theory calculated the Gibbs free energy change during the reaction process, confirming that DES improved the binding performance and selectivity of polymer. Related experiments have shown that Poly (DES) @ MOF has high adsorption capacity, reaching equilibrium within 2 h. In real sample experiments, the maximum adsorption capacity of diclofenac in lake water by the extraction device was 19.39 mg·g−1, with an average recovery rate between 99.4 % and 105.8 %. After 5 repeated uses, the performance did not show significant degradation. After evaluating the principles of green analytical chemistry using agree software, the total score was 0.68, reflecting the high greenness of this study. This study combined molecular imprinting technology and computer theory simulation of MOF based and DES mediated polymerization processes to construct an extraction device that was easy to operate and could extract diclofenac from environmental water samples with high selectivity and adsorption capacity. It showed great potential in the field of environmental monitoring and provided a new approach for the detection of other pollutants in the environment.