Environmental Safety Standards Research Articles

Preparation and holding of business games implementation of e-learning students of the construction areas

The students of the specialty “Energoeffektivnosti and ecology sustainability of buildings” shall in addition to the standards ESKD and SPDS to study the environmental safety standards products, ISO 14000, along with the use of electronic templates to be able to independently carry out the design documents of related industries, including engineering drawings. To increase interest in the topic “Engineering drawings”, motivation to acquire knowledge necessary to use adaptive instructional techniques.

THE RIGHT TO A FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT

Goal: determination of the features of ensuring the right to a favorable environment. Methods of research: analysis and study of legal documents containing provisions on the right to a favorable environment. Results: the right to a healthy environment has not been included in such fundamental international human rights instruments. Much more progress has been achieved in relation to the law in question at the national level, where the right to a favorable environment is enshrined in some new constitutions. The collective nature of the right to a favorable environment arises from the fact that, as will be shown below, the purpose of establishing this right is to protect environmental objects that are important not for one particular person, but for residents of a whole region or even for the entire planet. It seems that the recent tendency to recognize the law in question, both at the national and international levels, is obvious. And yet, and today, it seems, there is no universal document that would unequivocally and clearly enshrine the human right to the environment. Discussion: the proposal to include this issue on the agenda of international organizations. The system of standards in the field of environmental protection is successfully developing at the international level. In particular, within the framework of the European Union, more than 50 standards in this area are currently in force; at the same time, various types of standards are applied, which are specialized according to various environmental protection objectives. So-called exposure standards and primary protection standards set the maximum concentration of hazardous chemicals (for example, lead) in drinking water or ambient air. Environmental quality standards are a quantitative expression of the criteria for compliance with environmental requirements in relation to various natural objects (air, bathing reservoirs, reservoirs for separation, etc.). They are established either for a specific source or for a particular class of pollutants and can be applied in the whole region, country or Union. In addition to the pollution arising during the production cycle, the actual products of production can also be sources of pollution when they are used or buried. Therefore, the Union establishes environmental safety standards that regulate both the production process and the composition of the product being produced. Thus, environmental standards define the technical boundaries of state behavior in relation to the natural environment, put obstacles to unacceptable changes in this environment and, in essence, define the limits of the state’s population’s right to a safe environment.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CUSTOMS REGULATION OF VEHICLE IMPORT IN THE G20 COUNTRIES

The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of customs regulation procedures for the import of vehicles operating in the G20 countries, to determine the possibility of adapting and using their experience in order to improve the customs procedure in force in Ukraine. Since most researches of Ukrainian scientists mainly concern the adaptation of existing customs procedures to the requirements of the Ukraine– EU Association Agreement and the search for ways to solve the problem of shadow schemes of vehicle import, the selected research purpose is relevant. The subject-matter of the study is the procedures for customs regulation of the import of vehicles of the G20 countries. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, a set of general scientific methods was used that ensure the objectivity and validity of the results obtained, namely, methods of abstraction, comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization. Results. The research results showed that Ukraine is far behind the leading countries in terms of implementing the standards of environmental and technical safety of imported vehicles. If compliance with the requirements of environmental safety, namely compliance with European standards, is still taken into account when importing, then the issues of technical safety are not regulated by the current customs procedure. Secondly, the system of taxes and payments that are paid in Ukraine upon importation, namely duty, excise duty, and VAT, does not provide for compensation for the negative impact of imported vehicles on the environment. Thirdly, comparing the practice of temporary importation of vehicles operating in the G20 countries and Ukraine has allowed highlighting a number of inconsistencies. So, in the G20 countries, only non-residents can use this regime in the vast majority. Citizens of the country are entitled to temporary admission only if strictly defined requirements are met. However, unlike Ukrainian practice, the very procedure for temporary admission implies the absence of requirements for payment of customs duties and other payments, regardless of whether the person who uses it is a resident or non-resident of the country. Practical significance. The conclusions made allow proposing the necessity to amend the current procedure by introducing the practice of confirming the conformity of imported vehicles with the technical requirements for their operation, increasing the tax burden on vehicles with low environmental efficiency, settling the issue of the availability of the regime of temporary admission of vehicles and strengthening control over compliance with this regime. Relevance/originality. Proposals for the adaptation and use of the experience of the leading countries in the field of customs regulation of import of vehicles are a way to prevent the negative phenomena in Ukraine in this area.

ON THE REPLACEMENT OF FOSSIL COAL IN LOCAL SOLID FUEL BOILERS

The paper substantiates the need to replace fossil coal in local solid fuel boilers by biocoal produced from various types of agricultural waste. Selection of the best available technology for biocoal production should be based on an integrated assessment including economic, environmental and social aspects. It is noted that direct combustion of agricultural waste does not meet environmental safety standards and also requires significant costs for modernization of existing boiler equipment. It is proposed to produce biocoal from agricultural waste using modern methods of thermochemical treatment — torrefaction and carbonization. End-products of biomass torrefaction — biocoal pellets or briquettes — have high calorific value, low sulfur and heavy metal contents, and low nitrogen oxide emissions. Hydrothermal carbonization is currently the most advanced biomass processing technology. It completely prevents pollution and has a number of significant advantages over other methods of biomass treatment. These advantages make it possible to consider hydrothermal carbonization to be the best available technology for the production of biochar, liquid biofuel and other products from non-food biomass. Bibl. 15, Fig. 2, Tab. 1.

Interactions of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in their effects on activated sludge bacteria by using two analytical methods

Since trace metals rarely appear singly in industrial effluents, it is a major challenge to address combined effects of such toxicants on biological units of wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was interaction assessment of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in their effects on activated sludge bacteria using analytical methods. Two mathematical models were used to determine the effect of binary mixtures of Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni on activated sludge bacteria using a dehydrogenase enzyme assay. Calculated EC50 values were compared to experimentally observed values of mixtures. Interactive effects were counted to be antagonistic for Hg and Cd, Cd and Pb, Cd and Ni, and Cr and Pb, synergistic for Cd and Cr and Hg and Cr, and additive for other binary mixtures. Maximum toxicity was related to Hg and Cr, Cd and Cr, and Hg and Cd. Physicochemical monitoring of single metals may underestimate hazards arising from these pollutants in environmental samples. Therefore, any possible interaction between metals in such environments should be considered when establishing environmental safety standards.

Modeling of a Prosumer in Optimal Design Energy Systems Problem

The conversion of existing energy systems to intelligent integrated energy systems can happen only if economic benefits due to introduction of the intelligent integrated energy systems will exceed required level of investments. Thus, it is necessary for every optimal design energy systems problem according to the purposes of the study to determine various aspects of equipment configuration, investment and a proposed unit commitment on a case-by-case basis. The studies, taking under consideration energy efficiency of renewable energy units, are particularly important as environmental safety standards are increasing. In the paper optimal design of prosumer energy supply system problem in the intelligent integrated energy system was investigated. For this purpose a super structure for an energy supply system includes different generating capacities with relevant power range. The superstructure for prosumer energy supply system consists of an electric boiler, a gas-fired boiler, a solar photo-voltaic, a solar heating system and a gas-fired CHP. An ability of district energy system to receive the excess generating energy is restricted by the constraints. The heat and electricity tariffs and the received to district energy supply system energy constraints are varying according to time period. As a result of this study, cost-effectiveness analysis of chosen equipment configuration was undertaken.

АНАЛІЗ ПАРКУ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ АВТОМОБІЛІВ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ МОДУЛЬНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОБУСІВ В МЕГАПОЛІСАХ

Introduction . The rapid development of the transportation industry has led to many serious problems, such as energy shortages, environmental degradation in the world, major accidents and more. Therefore, the application and implementation of green technologies in transport is an urgent task and the solution of which begins with the analysis and structuring of all its components. The purpose of the work is c omparative analysis of the performance of different types of electric buses, which are planned in the near future or already in use in the world. Results. The article is devoted to the study of the introduction of the concept of modular use of electric buses, which involves the use of electric tractor and passenger electric trailers. Particular attention is given to urban bus transport. A comparative analysis of the main advantages and disadvantages of electric cars over gasoline and diesel cars is conducted. Ways to develop and use electric buses in major cities of developed countries are analyzed. Originality . The modular organization of the formation of a passenger electric bus depending on the passenger traffic is proposed, that is, the city carrier will be able to regulate the capacity of the bus, rationally using rolling stock. Conclusion. Effective use of this system implies that the tractor unit can grip and work not only with passenger, but also with cargo and special trailer modules. This versatility helps to reduce overall costs for the trucking business as a whole. The implementation of this system brings not only the economic component, but also the improvement of the environmental situation in the cities, cities and in the country as a whole by expanding the use of electric trucks. This will give impetus to the development of efficient public transport and its efficient use. But in order to achieve this goal, the automotive industry must be tasked with developing a modular mobile bus system and providing a wide urban and suburban charging station network in accordance with European environmental safety standards.

Application study of Bio-FGD based on environmental safety during the coal combustion

Coal combustion produces a large amount of acidic gas, which is the main cause of acid rain and other natural disasters. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) is a necessary requirement for clean coal combustion. Compared with the traditional chemical desulfurization technology, biological desulfurization has the advantages of low operating cost, without secondary pollution, low carbon emission and the additional economic benefits. The process and structure of BioDeSOx which as one of Bio-FGD technology is introduced. The major factors that influent BioDeSOx Bio- FGD system is the pH, oxidation reduction potential (-300 MV to -400MV), electrical conductivity, the adding amount of nutrient and temperature (30°C-40°C). Taking the Bio- FGD project of Yixing xielian thermal power plant as an example, the BioDeSOx technology was applied in this project. The environmental and economic benefits of the project were greater than the traditional desulfurization technology. With the continuous improvement of environmental safety standards, Bio- FGD technology will have broad application prospects.

Assessing health risks to local population from contamination sources in and around Sulaimani province; a qualitative study

There are many physical, chemical and biological agents either naturally present or produced by human activity that can be hazardous for human health. Environmental pollution in and around Sulaymaniyah city is caused by several factors including untreated wastewater, contaminated agricultural fields, untreated solid waste, industrial waste and contamination of Tanjaro River and Darbandikhan Lake from these sources of pollution. Populations, especially those living closer to the above-mentioned pollution sources are at risk of both short and long-term effects of biological, physical and chemical contaminants, especially south of the city and around Tanjaro River and Darbandikhan Lake. Neglecting these problems means that buildup of contaminants in the environment and endangering population health will continue. Monitoring and responding to environmental health hazards requires collaborative efforts of relevant departments, professional institutions, NGOs, community-based organizations and affected populations. To reduce risk of water-borne diseases is strengthening water management in relation to maintaining quality while the ultimate solution to wastewater pollution is establishment of sewerage treatment plants. Solid waste is a major problem and the ultimate solution is recycling and the establishment of a controlled landfill in an area. Immediate measures need to be taken to prevent further pollution of the Tanjaro River, by isolating the polluting sources. Industrial activities need to be regulated and monitored in terms of environmental and occupational safety operations and standards. Using Sulaymaniyah wastewater for farming must be prohibited by law and enforced. Protection of Darbandikhan Lake from major sources of pollution should be made a higher priority and measures should be taken as soon as possible to isolate and minimize major pollutants. There is also a need for extensive research and the establishment of sustained research systems on population health and environmental pollutants, especially in relation to the food chain, and the Tanjaro River, Darbandikhan Lake and air pollution. If urgent consideration is not given to the above areas and problems, the situation may get considerably worse in the coming years.

ОЧИСТКА ПРОДУКТОВ СГОРАНИЯ ТОПЛИВА УСТАНОВКИ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТВЕРДЫХ БЫТОВЫХ ОТХОДОВ

This paper considers the use of pyrolysis for the disposal of solid domestic and industrial wastes without residues or threat to public health. A pilot semi-industrial waste processing plant with a capacity of up to 1000 kg/day as part of the thermolysis unit of a waste recycling complex is presented. The advantages of using microwave radiation for decomposition of carbon-containing wastes, including food, polymer, plastic, wood, vegetable and paper fractions having a 30-40% moisture content per solid carbon-coke residue and gaseous fraction, are shown. A system for purification of exhaust flue gases is described. This system involves the stages of catalytic adsorption in a fixed bed adsorber, chemisorption in a wet scrubber by flushing flue gases with lime water and chemisorption in a wet scrubber by washing with an aqueous solution of carbamide. The samples of dust and gas emissions are analysed in terms of the content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and oxides. It is shown that the concentrations of these harmful substances do not exceed the maximum permissible values. The potential and efficiency of the developed technology that meets modern international standards of environmental safety are demonstrated.

Ecofriendly nanotechnologies and nanomaterials for environmental applications: Key issue and consensus recommendations for sustainable and ecosafe nanoremediation

The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for environmental remediation, known as nanoremediation, represents a challenging and innovative solution, ensuring a quick and efficient removal of pollutants from contaminated sites. Although the growing interest in nanotechnological solutions for pollution remediation, with significant economic investment worldwide, environmental and human risk assessment associated with the use of ENMs is still a matter of debate and nanoremediation is seen yet as an emerging technology. Innovative nanotechnologies applied to water and soil remediation suffer for a proper environmental impact scenario which is limiting the development of specific regulatory measures and the exploitation at European level. The present paper summarizes the findings from the workshop: “Ecofriendly Nanotechnology: state of the art, future perspectives and ecotoxicological evaluation of nanoremediation applied to contaminated sediments and soils” convened during the Biannual ECOtoxicology Meeting 2016 (BECOME) held in Livorno (Italy). Several topics have been discussed and, starting from current state of the art of nanoremediation, which represents a breakthrough in pollution control, the following recommendations have been proposed: (i) ecosafety has to be a priority feature of ENMs intended for nanoremediation; ii) predictive safety assessment of ENMs for environmental remediation is mandatory; (iii) greener, sustainable and innovative nano-structured materials should be further supported; (iii) those ENMs that meet the highest standards of environmental safety will support industrial competitiveness, innovation and sustainability. The workshop aims to favour environmental safety and industrial competitiveness by providing tools and modus operandi for the valorization of public and private investments.

Methodological principles for organization of monitoring in enterprises of natural recourse extraction

The purpose of the research paper is to provide theoretical rationale for the methodology and organization of monitoring in branches of natural recourse extraction and processing. The main tasks of internal control and monitoring procedures by stages of natural resource management are outlined, namely: at the pre-exploratory stage, at the stage of conducting exploration and developing deposits, at the stage of extraction and processing of natural resources, at the completion of the project and closure of deposits. For deeper understanding of the internal structure and tasks relevant to areas and directions of monitoring, the “target tree” method is applied, which enables to determine the following ways for organization of monitoring: evaluation of information support and organization of monitoring; detection, elimination and prevention of violations and ineffective activities; mobilization on the basis of control over internal reserves; control over compliance with social and environmental regulations. The article provides characteristics of monitoring procedures at certain stages of the project on extraction and processing of natural resources, and identifies the main performers of such monitoring. Particular attention is paid to evaluation of project economic efficiency and control over compliance with social and environmental safety in locations of mining operations. A set of benchmarks is proposed and might be used: at the pre-exploratory stage, at the stage of conducting exploration, at the stage of processing and producing finished products, at the completion (closing) of the project, and at the stage of restoration of the area around mines to their natural state. Based on the indicators described, information sources for monitoring operations are identified. It is stressed that within the framework of internal monitoring, compliance with social regulations and environmental safety standards play an essential role along with the organization of production and economic control in enterprises of natural recourse extraction.

Occupational and environmental safety standards in nanotechnology: International Organization for Standardization, Latin America and beyond

AbstractIn the absence of government safety regulation in the field of nanotechnology, ISO standards are being used as the basis for establishing technical and management guidelines at an international level. There are more than 50 current ISO standards on nanotechnology. Some of these relate to the working environment and occupational risk management. In Latin America, entities that are members of ISO are enunciating national versions of the international standards. In this article, this context is analysed critically, starting from the Mexican standard on occupational risk management in the working environment. Even though risk management standards may guarantee better and safer working conditions, in the field of nanotechnology, they simultaneously unlock detrimental implications for workers and society. Reliance on such private and voluntary forms of industry self-regulation is identified as a by-product of global neoliberalism.

MODERNIZATION OF HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM OF RAILWAY STATIONS

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article considers the need to modernize the heat supply system of railway stations within the framework of the main guidelines of the energy strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030. The main park of boiler rooms is equipped with the aged machinery that by some features does not meet the standards of environmental friendliness, safety and efficiency. The article presents the main indicators of boiler rooms of a new type. The comparative analysis of the characteristics of the new and former boiler rooms as of an energy complex is suggested. The conformity of the proposed indicators to the guidelines of the energy strategy of the Russian Federation and subsequent innovations is determined. One of the conclusions of the authors is that in addition to replacing the equipment, it is necessary to conduct decentralization of the station’s heat supply system. Keywords: energy efficiency, operating costs, steam boilers, reserve fuel, fuel oil, diesel, block-modular boiler rooms, efficiency.

Blue Number Initiative links development to sustainability

How can farmers become empowered to produce more goods more sustainably? How can consumers’ confidence be maintained to ensure that the foods they eat are safe and of sufficient quality? How can can environmental and food safety and quality standards in agriculture be implemented to also provide jobs and growth needed to sustain and improve farmer livelihoods? One approach is to ensure that sustainability standards are implemented throughout the supply chain with corresponding infrastructure to make sure the standards have an impact rather than being compliance exercises.

DESIGN STRATEGIES OF RECONFIGURE EXISTING PATIENT ROOMS TO CONFORM WITH ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY STANDARDS AN APPLIED STUDY AT THE ONCOLOGY CENTER, MANSOURA UNIVERSITY

The main aim of (establishing Environmental remedies) is healing and recovery of illnesses and getting rid of pains. If the patient got infected with diseases or exposed to dangers inside the hospital, this is considered a demolition of the main aim of establishing this hospital, so we must keep a safe environment, and Hospital design helps the safety of the patient directly through the reduction of transmission of infection or reducing the falling of patients, Or indirectly to the reduction of the noise, which may cause medical errors, Etc, The research focuses on patient's rooms, where a patient spends most of the time in the hospital inside the patient's room. The study concludes in determining the principles and criteria of achieving the environmental safety of the patient's rooms, with the need to integrate those standards in the design and development of patient's rooms in hospitals because of their role in reducing the possible risk of occurrence for patients. Accessible to those principles has been study some research studies to a strategy design of patient's rooms, and try to gain access to suitable design of the patient's rooms in accordance with environmental safety standards and the study of the internal environment of the room design, By defining design bases that help to reduce the transmission of infection, and standards for security and safety, as well the work of an applied complementary study to research study the theoretical to study the possibility of practical application of the standards of environmental safety patient's rooms general and specialized hospitals, with the review of most important reasons for choosing the sample under study.

Estimation of Appropriate Stack Height at Industrial Layout, Makurdi, Benue State

The prediction of appropriate stack height at the Makurdi industrial layout in Benue State of Nigeria is carried out using the point source Gaussian plume model. The model takes into account the ambient environmental conditions and emission source parameters to calculate and estimate the appropriate stack height for three prevailing atmospheric stability classes, A, D and F within the Makurdi Industrial layout. The research estimates an appropriate stack height of ~65.0m for the Makurdi industrial layout. The results set a baseline for environmental safety standards for industries operating at the industrial layout and can be adopted by the National Environmental Standard Enforcement and Regulatory Agency (NESERA), and other concerned authorities in environmental monitoring and pollution control.

АНАЛИЗ НОРМАТИВОВ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

The article describes the standards of environmental safety of motor vehicles ´Euro´, alternative fuels, prospects of development of automobile industry in the coming years. In addition, the author acquaints the reader with the upcoming changes in the design of internal combustion engines.

Sierra Leone's health workforce crisis: Drivers of suboptimal distribution and poor retention of primary healthcare workers in rural areas

Outcomes & Evaluation: To date, we have established the first Department of Environmental and Occupational Health in the country, built sustainable multidisciplinary local and international Public-Private Partnership, started graduate level degree programs, obtained full scholarship and research grants, and organized national and international research conferences to promote collaboration and knowledge sharing. Going Forward: We are working to further strengthen our program and improve its sustainability in order to improve EOH in the country by expanding our outreach, extending our collaborative network, serving as a bridge between public and private sectors, helping to adopt international environmental and occupational safety standards in the country, and promoting evidence based policy by conducting research. Funding: We have been proactive and creative in sourcing funding and have obtained funding from different public and private institutions. Abstract #: 01ETC072

Tissue-specific direct microtransfer of nanomaterials into Drosophila embryos as a versatile in vivo test bed for nanomaterial toxicity assessment.

Nanomaterials are the subject of intense research, focused on their synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications. Increased nanomaterial production and their wide range of applications imply a higher risk of human and environmental exposure. Unfortunately, neither environmental effects nor toxicity of nanomaterials to organisms are fully understood. Cost-effective, rapid toxicity assays requiring minimal amounts of materials are needed to establish both their biomedical potential and environmental safety standards. Drosophila exemplifies an efficient and cost-effective model organism with a vast repertoire of in vivo tools and techniques, all with high-throughput scalability and screening feasibility throughout its life cycle. Here we report tissue specific nanomaterial assessment through direct microtransfer into target tissues. We tested several nanomaterials with potential biomedical applications such as single-wall carbon nanotubes, multiwall carbon nanotubes, silver, gold, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide nanoparticles. Assessment of nanomaterial toxicity was conducted by evaluating progression through developmental morphological milestones in Drosophila. This cost-effective assessment method is amenable to high-throughput screening.