Environmental Quality Management Research Articles

Evaluating Spatiotemporal Resolution of Trace Element Concentrations and Pb Isotopic Compositions of Honeybees and Hive Products as Biomonitors for Urban Metal Distribution.

Assessing metal distributions in cities is an important aspect of urban environmental quality management. Western honeybees (Apis mellifera) and their products are biomonitors that can elucidate small‐scale metal distribution within a city. We compare range and variations in trace element (TE) concentrations and lead (Pb) isotopic compositions of honey, bee tissue, bee pollen, and propolis collected throughout Metro Vancouver (BC, Canada). Honey, bee, and bee pollen results have similar TE and isotopic trends; samples collected in urban and industrialized areas exhibit elevated concentrations of anthropogenically influenced TE (e.g., Pb, Zn, V, and Ti) and a less radiogenic Pb isotopic composition (i.e., lower 206Pb/207Pb and elevated 208Pb/206Pb) relative to their suburban and rural counterparts. For example, 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb in honey range from 1.126, 2.131 and 1.184, 2.063; extremes measured in honey from urban and suburban/rural areas, respectively. Except for propolis, measured and interpolated (kriged) results in all materials reflect the immediate zoning or land use setting near the hive, providing kilometer‐scale geospatial resolution, suitable for monitoring urban systems. Statistical analysis reveals that no systematic variations or intra‐ or inter‐annual trends exist in TE concentrations or Pb isotopic compositions, including among sampling and field methods (i.e., old vs. new hive equipment and honey from the brood nest box vs. honey super). The results of this systematic study using honeybees and hive products in Metro Vancouver provide a robust, current baseline for future comparison of local land use and environmental policy change.

Progress in the Research of the Toxicity Effect Mechanisms of Heavy Metals on Freshwater Organisms and Their Water Quality Criteria in China

Water quality criteria are the scientific basis for formulating water quality standards and environmental management practices. Due to the development of urbanization and industrialization, the problem of heavy metal pollution has become a serious environmental problem. Heavy metals not only have major impacts on aquatic organisms, but also seriously threaten human health. However, the current environmental criteria refer to the maximum value limitations of environmental factors in environmental media where harmful or detrimental effects are not produced on specific protected objects. This study reviewed the sources, hazard levels, toxic effect mechanisms, and the current research status of China’s water quality criteria for heavy metal pollutants. In addition, the focus and direction of future research on the toxic effects of heavy metal on aquatic organisms and the necessary criteria changes were discussed. The present study would provide an important theoretical basis for the future research of water quality criteria and risk assessment of heavy metal pollutants.

Service quality management from social capital, environmental uncertainty, and competitive intensity perspectives

We proposed an integrated model of service quality management by drawing on social capital theory. Participants were 588 employees in the banking sector in China. The results reveal that environmental uncertainty played a mediating role in the relationship between competitive intensity and social capital development. We also found a positive relationship between environmental uncertainty and service quality management, as mediated by social capital. We further proposed several alternative models to examine the second-order factors of social capital and service quality management, and to check the robustness of our findings. The original proposed model had the best fit for testing the hypotheses. Theoretical and managerial implications for service quality management are discussed.

Analysis of measures to improve the quality of atmospheric environmental monitoring

With the continuous deterioration of environmental quality, environmental issues have become one of the important factors restricting China’s economic and social development. The levy of the environmental protection tax in 2018 is a major measure of the state in the governance of environmental issues. The theoretical analysis of taxes on environmental governance is particularly important. Environmental monitoring quality has a crucial impact on environmental management. Environmental monitoring is an important part of the environmental protection system. In the current environmental monitoring work, there are many factors that affect the quality of environmental monitoring, and these factors must be comprehensively and carefully analyzed. Pay sufficient attention to various factors affecting environmental monitoring, strengthen the management of environmental monitoring quality, and further improve the quality of environmental monitoring. This paper mainly analyzes and explores the influencing factors of the quality of environmental monitoring, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures based on this.

Challenges of Implementing Green Procurement in Public Construction Projects in Malaysia

Although the concept of green procurement is increasingly debated as an environmental policy instrument that considers the impact of procurement on the sustainability of project development, however, the concept in Malaysia is still in its infancy and facing various barriers and challenges to make a paradigm shift towards a greener approach. Therefore, this paper tends to determine the challenges that hinder green procurement implementation in building and infrastructure projects. This could pave the road to establish a transformation plan that could gradually overcome the current challenges in order to reach the desired level. The study is based on a survey conducted in the Malaysian construction industry at which 380 corporations were surveyed to determine their perspective on 28 pre-determined challenges and their degree of significance. A number of 142 were valid responses. Results revealed that there is an excellent consistency in the significance of the identified challenges. Reducing the use of natural resources and related waste, minimizing the high cost of eco- products, integrating quality environmental management into planning and operation and achieving the value of money are among the important challenges. Achieving financial, environmental and operational impact of green procurement performance are also significant challenges.

The role of financial development and corruption in environmental degradation of Sub-Saharan African countries

PurposeThis study examines the role of financial development and its interaction with corruption in the environmental degradation of eight Sub-Saharan African countries from 2000–2014.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes Pedroni cointegration and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) techniques for the estimation of the models.FindingsThe results of the cointegration test reveal that there exist long-run relationships among the variables in the model with the interaction of financial development and corruption, and in the model without interaction. The FMOLS estimates show that in the former model, the interaction of financial development with corruption is positively significant in determining the level of environmental degradation in those countries. Moreover, in the latter, financial development, trade openness, and corruption have a positive effect on their environmental degradationResearch limitations/implicationsUnavailability of data, the study was limited to only eight Sub-Saharan African nationsPractical implicationsThe finding that financial development and its interaction with corruption have an adverse effect on the environments of the Sub-Saharan African countries implies the need to focus on how efficient credits are being allocated in those countries. For better management of environmental quality, this may require the implementation of policies that enhance credit allocation to users with energy-efficient technology and appliances that promote the quality of environments. In addition, stringent policies could be embarked upon to curtail all acts of corruption in the region for an efficient credit allocation and a better environment in the development of Sub-Saharan African society.Originality/valueThe dearth in empirical studies on the Sub-Saharan African countries motivates this study. In particular, little is known about the interaction effect of corruption and financial development on the environmental degradation of those countries, as the work on this is limited in the existing literature.

The impact of management systems on technical change: the adoption of pollution prevention techniques

A firm’s capability to innovate is influenced by its organizational structure. We examine the effect of Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM) on the adoption of innovative pollution prevention activities over the period 1992–1996, and show that the rate of innovation increases following the adoption of TQEM. However, the effect of TQEM on pollution prevention innovation “wears out” over time. Our analysis indicates that this is likely because pollution prevention undertaken in one year continues to be effective in future years. This, in turn, reduces the incentives for further innovation due to declining marginal returns, rather than because the institutional effectiveness of TQEM weakens. We provide corroborative evidence based on the time profile of pollution prevention of firms that adopted TQEM prior to the start of our sample, and also develop a stylized model with (partial) obsolescence of pollution prevention innovations that matches the empirical regularities we obtain. Our findings shed light on the importance of organizational structure on the pace of technical change.

Phytoplankton response to nutrient pulses in an upwelling system assessed through a microcosm experiment (Algarrobo Bay, Chile)

Nutrient enrichment in coastal areas can lead to severe disturbances in marine ecosystems with implications on ecosystem functioning. The primary goal of this study was to understand the response of phytoplankton, from a region with intense upwelling events, to pulsed nutrient enrichments. A microcosm experiment using natural assemblages was conducted, following the addition of inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and considering two different nutrient limitation conditions (N:P<16 and N:P>16). Laboratory work included the analysis of nutrients, as well as phytoplankton cell abundances. A fast response to the pulsed nutrient enrichments were observed in both treatments as biomass increased. Although higher biomass values were found under higher N concentrations, the community's composition was similar in both treatments. Centric diatoms, particularly Chaetoceros spp., strengthened their dominance, suggesting that, under these conditions, these may have physiological advantages that promote their growth over other groups. Throughout the experiment, phytoflagellates and pennate diatoms were common, while dinoflagellates were scarce. This study contributes to understanding how phytoplankton communities' growth and composition relate to nutrient pulses. These results provide relevant data for environmental quality assessment and management of marine environments.

ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) of Vegetation Cover in Urban Areas—Recognition of Vulnerabilities for the Management of Resources in Urban Green Infrastructure

From the mapping of urban vegetation cover by high-resolution orthoimages, using IR band and NDVI classification (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), added to three-dimensional representation obtained by LiDAR capture (Light Detection and Ranging), the volumetric values of vegetal cover are obtained as a base to construct spatial analysis in the district of Pampulha, in Belo Horizonte, investigating the role it plays in the neighborhood. The article aims to analyze the relationship between vegetation cover, income distribution and population density, as a support to urban environmental quality management. It applies Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to identify the presence of clusters and patterns of spatial distribution and to examine spatial autocorrelation. The results confirm the concentration of vegetation cover in areas of high income and lower population density but the main contribution of the study is the use of a method to analyze the spatial behavior of this distribution. Calculating Moran global index and local index (LISA), these spatial combinations are mainly used to identify transformation pressures, which may result in the definition of priorities for public actions and the construction of proposals for parameterization of vegetation cover to support plans related to green infrastructure in urban areas.

Editorial: Relaunch of Environmental Quality Management

Environmental Quality ManagementVolume 29, Issue 3 p. 5-5 EDITORIAL Editorial: Relaunch of Environmental Quality Management First published: 08 October 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21690Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume29, Issue3Spring 2020Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

Gis-based Analysis of Water Quality Parameters of Groundwater with Proximity to Onsite Wastes Pits in Vom Community of Jos South, Nigeria

Water quality assessment is an important part of environmental quality management especially in groundwater resources located close to sources of contamination. This study involved the assessment of groundwater quality for hand dug wells at locations with proximity to pit latrines in Vom community, Plateau State, Nigeria and the use of GIS for data analysis. Water samples were collected from six (6) locations in a small area to assume possible interaction between the water in the sampling wells, the maximum distance between any two points being 100 m and the minimum distance being 22 m. Eleven (11) physical, bacteriological and chemical parameters were analyzed for the water samples. The results were compared with World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical parameters in the samples tested met the WHO and NSDWQ limits with the exception of pH which was slightly acidic for four samples. The results also showed that E. coli was found in all the samples tested. This may be attributed to the proximity of the wells to pit latrines. The results obtained from laboratory analyses were inputted into a GIS database in ILWIS 3.8 where the variation maps were developed and also classified maps for each of the parameters based on whether they meet WHO standards or not. The classified maps were all overlaid in GIS to develop the groundwater quality information map where any point highlighted gives information on the parameters for that point. This makes the retrieval of water quality parameters easy and also the comparison of the parameters with respect to location. Treatment of the groundwater with chemicals like soda ash and chlorine are recommended before consumption. It is generally recommended that wells should not be located in close proximity to onsite underground wastes disposal pits. Government should provide sufficient potable water for the Vom Community.

Anthropo-technogenic load on the environment of the Khopyor River Region

The primary sources of anthropogenic and technogenic impacts on the environment of urban and suburban areas of the Voronezh and Saratov Regions which are part of the Khopyor River Region have been identified. Among the combined urbanized and man-made sources it is necessary to distinguish the activity of pedestrians and road transport. These conditions characterize the local background of the total anthropo-technological load in relation to the settlements of the research area. Its main manifestations include soil compaction, density of the road and path network and clutter. Arithmetic mean values of degradation impacts were analyzed for settlements in the subregion under consideration. A scale of point-based environmental assessment of the state of the environment is developed for differentiated localities in the Khopyor River Region. High anthropogenic and technogenic load is found in Balashov, middle - in Borisoglebsk, Rtishchevo, low - in Povorino and Gribanovsky, an extremely low load - in Romanovka, Arkadak and Novokhopersk. The obtained and analyzed values of anthropogenic and technogenic loads on the environment demonstrate the features of its state and the direction of its degradation, the levels of environmental comfort of urbanized areas for the population. The system of environmental quality management, urban and suburban environmental management in the Khopyor River Region should be reoriented to an ecosystem basis using the environmental assessment criteria and the environmental monitoring results presented and analyzed in this paper.

Transient Solute Dispersion in Wetland Flows With Submerged Vegetation: An Analytical Study in Terms of Time‐Dependent Properties

AbstractPredicting the concentration distribution of solute transport in vegetated flows is significant for associated environmental applications in water resources. While a semianalytical study has been made for the steady dispersion with a continuous release (Rubol et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018907), an in‐depth analytical investigation has yet to be performed for the more complicated case of transient dispersion due to an instantaneous release. In regard to the pioneering benchmark observation (Murphy et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005229) of transient solute dispersion in a submerged vegetated flow for an instantaneous source release at the top of the canopy, an extensive analytical effort is paid in this work to derive the time‐dependent basic properties and to investigate the temporal evolution of concentration distribution. Obtained large‐time asymptotic dispersivities agree well with available experimental results (Murphy et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005229), with higher significance ( , ) for correlation between analytical results and experimental data. Analytical solutions covering effects of dispersivity, skewness, and kurtosis of detailed concentration distribution are compared satisfactorily with numerical results obtained by the random displacement method. The findings illuminate the applicability of this analytical approach in environmental risk assessment and water quality management.

Medical-Environmental Assessment and Forecasting of Socially Significant Pathology of the Population of the Republic of Dagestan

Aim. The environmental-epidemiological monitoring of socially significant pathology and its forecasting for the development of effective preventive measures and environmental quality management methods in the Republic of Dagestan. Material and Methods . An epidemiological analysis of public health indicators was carried out in 41 municipalities and 10 urban districts of the Republic of Dagestan. This was carried out through current and retrospective analysis of regional health indicators, medical-geographical and mathematical statistical analysis. The data sources for the main indicators reflect the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Dagestan from 1997 to 2016. Results. An understanding of the status of the main epidemiological indicators of the condition of public health of the region's rural and urban population was obtained and future dynamics predicted. An integrated assessment of the well-being of the territory of the republic revealed areas and cities with adverse trends in public health in the main groups of socially significant and environmentally-related pathologies. Conclusions. An integrated assessment of the state of well-being in the Republic of Dagestan by groups of epidemiological indicators of general morbidity, general morbidity of various age groups of the population, socially significant and environmentally-caused morbidity, as well as a forecast of their dynamics, revealed adverse trends in public health in rural populations of Tsuntinskiy, Akhtynskiy, Gunibskiy, Kulinskiy, Tabasaranskiy, Nogayskiy, Novolakskiy, Suleiman-Stalskiy, Khasavyurtskiy, Tarumovskiy districts and of the cities of Kaspiysk, Dagestanskie Ogni, Makhachkala and Kizilyurt. An analysis of the sources of supplies of drinking water revealed a positive correlation between heavy metals content and adverse trends in socially significant pathology in the regions of Northern Dagestan.

Merging Geo-Solar Exergy Storage Technology (GEST) and Environmental Quality Management (EQM): A Practical Solution for NZEB Retrofit

A decade ago, Geo-solar Exergy Storage Technology (GEST) was introduced as a means of utilizing natural, diurnal and seasonal transfers of exergy between a building and its surroundings to significantly decrease heating and cooling requirements. This is accomplished by retrofitting the structure with a dynamic skin to the existing building enclosure that is provided with internal conduits to carry air and fluids, for coupling geothermal storage surrounding the building with the exterior environment. This system was developed by engineers as an affordable, low-tech solution for providing seasonal heat storage in cold climate regions. Meanwhile another holistic but high-tech means to the same goal was initiated by an international group of building scientists by defining concepts for environmental quality management (EQM). Using heat pumps, ‘smart controls’, and newly developed wall coating materials, a fully integrated HVAC (plus moisture control and indoor air quality (IAQ)) system was proposed. The experience gained with GEST methods is now combined with the leading edge of Building Science to permit our international team to re-evaluate the concept of Geo-solar Exergy Storage and Dynamic Building Enclosure incorporated in a system with a heat pump as a new basis for retrofitting buildings in any climate.

Estudio de factores que afectan la integración de los sistemas de gestión en el Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, Cuba

&#x0D; Objetivo: Diagnosticar de manera integrada la gestión de la calidad, ambiental y de seguridad y salud en el Centro Nacional de Biopreparados para la integración de los sistemas de gestión. Metodología: A partir de la revisión bibliográfica relacionada con las tendencias actuales para la integración de modelos de gestión, el empleo de métodos como la encuesta, la observación, trabajo en equipo, listas de chequeo, matriz DAFO y estadística descriptiva, se diseñó y aplicó un procedimiento que permitió detectar las brechas que incidían en la organización tanto en el contexto interno como externo. Resultados: Como resultado se obtuvo que existía duplicidad en la información documentada, no integración de políticas y objetivos de gestión, identificación y evaluación de los riesgos de cada sistema de forma independiente, auditorías no integradas, consumo de agua y electricidad como aspectos ambientales con impacto negativo, el grado de integración de los requisitos de las normas medianamente cumplido y poca integración de los requisitos de las normas percibida por los trabajadores. Conclusiones: La aplicación del procedimiento permitió detectar las brechas que influían de manera negativa en la gestión y el desempeño de la organización, lo que condujo a identificar la necesidad de diseñar e implementar un modelo integrado de gestión de la calidad, ambiental y de seguridad y salud en el trabajo.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Заболеваемость детей как показатель экологической обстановки в Севастополе

The aim of this study was to define the factors that have a negative impact on public health. Knowledge in this field is an additional tool for the environmental quality management in the context of preserving and strengthening of the child population health. The geoformation material of the children’s morbidity has an important information about the health of the population and the environmental impact on it. Industrial enterprises influence air pollution: Sevgorvodokanal DKP Balaklava State Mining Administration, Sevtets DP, Sevteploenergo KP, Yugtorsan LLC. Pollutants such as inorganic dust, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, which increase the incidence of respiratory diseases, increase mortality from diseases of the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system, are present in the air basin. The results of the study are based on statistical data collected by the author in the Territorial Bodies of the Federal State Statistics Service for cities and districts, regional health organizations (Sevastopol Health Department), and city polyclinics in the study area. The dataset included information on the demographic situation, as well as medical statistics (morbidity and mortality according to the international classification of diseases). Analysis of the medical and environmental status of the city of Sevastopol was carried out taking into account the criteria of the environmentally dependent diseases of the child population (age group from 0 to 17 years). Assessment of the incidence of children in the city of Sevastopol, showed that respiratory diseases occupy a leading place in the structure of the general incidence rate, digestive apparatus diseases take the 2nd place and the nervous system disease takes the third one.

兰州市SO2时空动态分布特征及其与城市生态系统的关系

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 兰州市SO2时空动态分布特征及其与城市生态系统的关系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201903220542 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0500907）；甘肃省重点研发计划（17YF1FA120）；兰州市科技计划（2017RC69） Spatial and temporal dynamic distribution characteristics of SO2 in Lanzhou City and its relation with urban ecosystem Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:强化城市大气污染物多尺度监测手段，辨识污染物时空演变规律及其与城市生态系统各要素间的相互关系，可为城市大气环境质量综合管控提供科学依据。利用OMI、EOS/MODIS卫星影像及其他统计类数据，在分析了兰州市2006-2016年对流层SO2柱浓度的时空分布特征基础上，进一步探讨了NDVI、工业总产值、汽车保有量等城市自然经济社会生态要素的结构变化与SO2浓度变化的关系。结果表明：1）兰州市对流层SO2空间分布不均，呈现出以河谷低海拔区域分布为中心，向西北、东南山地两侧递减的"倒U"形格局；2）近10年内，兰州市大气SO2柱浓度值在0.033-0.25（多布森单位）之间，总体呈下降趋势，年均降幅为14%，降速为0.02（多布森单位）/a；3）兰州市大气SO2柱浓度变化特征与城市工业生产和交通因素关系密切，又受地形、季节风向等气象气候条件制约；4）兰州市NDVI指数与大气SO2柱浓度值相关性明显，兰州市植被覆盖度较低，植被指数为0.09-0.66，对SO2净化能力有限。综合以上结果，本研究认为，通过调控城市社会、经济、自然生态系统结构，并适当采用基因工程等科学技术来增加地表植被覆盖量，是下一步兰州市大气环境质量管理的重要举措之一。 Abstract:Strengthen the methods of multi-scale monitoring for urban air pollutants, identified the temporal and spatial development of pollutants and their relationships with the elements of urban ecosystem can provide a scientific basis for comprehensive management and control of urban air quality. This research analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of SO2 column concentration in the troposphere of Lanzhou City from 2006 to 2016, based on OMI, EOS/MODIS satellite images, and other statistical data. The paper further discussed the relationship between the SO2 concentration and urban structural changes of natural, economic, and social elements, such as NDVI, industrial production, car parc. The results showed that 1) the spatial distribution of SO2 presented an inhomogeneous characteristic in the troposphere in Lanzhou city, which showed an inverted U-shaped pattern with the low elevation of the valley as the center and decreased on both sides of the northwest and southeast mountain areas. 2) In the past 10 years, the concentration of SO2 column in Lanzhou was between 0.033-0.25 Dobson unit. It showed the downward trend with an average annual decline of 14%, and with the declining rate of 0.02 Dobson unit/a. 3) The characteristics of atmospheric SO2 column concentration change of Lanzhou city were closely related to urban industrial production and traffic factors, and also restricted by the meteorological and climatic conditions such as topography and seasonal wind direction. 4) The NDVI index of Lanzhou city was significantly correlated with the concentration of atmospheric SO2 column. Lanzhou city had a low vegetation coverage, with the vegetation index of 0.09-0.66. It had a limited ability to purify SO2. Based on the above results, we consider that it is one of the important measures for Lanzhou's atmospheric environmental quality management to increase the surface vegetation coverage by adjusting the structure of urban social, economic, and natural ecosystems, and using appropriate science and technology such as genetic engineering. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Environmental monitoring of the marine part o f the Caspian Sea within the territory of Aktau

The article presents the results of the stages of research of the marine part of the Caspian sea withinthe territory of the city of Aktau. Currently, despite numerous studies of the Caspian sea, there are stillareas of the sea, the degree of study and coverage of direct observations, which is extremely small. In thisregard, studies of the Caspian sea are relevant and timely. These studies can contribute to environmentalquality management activities. The Caspian ecosystem is assessed as pre-crisis and may deteriorate as aresult of large-scale intrusion into the natural environment due to the planned development of shallowwaters in the North-Eastern part for oil production. Hydrophysical measurements were carried out fromthe side of the catamaran, which was in the drift, only the station on section 3 “Aktau” was anchored. 4sections were made, each section consisted of four hydrological stations (HS), sampling was carried outon the water surface from four points-stations. A portable weather station was installed at an altitude of 5m above sea level at the Marina of the yacht club North of the port of Aktau. At each HS, hydrophysicaland hydrochemical measurements were performed, as well as water sampling with subsequent labo ratory analyses. Determination of hydrochemical parameters was determined using standard methodsadopted in expedition practice. Definitions were made in unfiltered samples. The pH value was determined by the potentiometric method. The total alkalinity was determined by direct titration with a colorending. The content of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (phosphates) was determined colorimetrically.These studies can contribute to environmental quality management activities.Key words: Caspian Sea, water area, salinity, phenols, hydrocarbons, monitoring.

THE EXPERIENCE OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION AND CHEMICAL HEALTH RISKS DUE TO EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Introduction. The world practice of solving environmental problems has shown the effectiveness of modern environmental quality management schemes based on the analysis and risk management. Material and Methods. The use of risk assessment and analysis methodology allows obtaining quantitative characteristics of the possible damage, to compare the potential effects of radiation and chemical factors and to determine priority sources of danger. The main directions of the practical use of results of assessment of the risk arising from the impact of chemicals polluting the environment are: ranking of residential areas according to the levels of health risks from the studied factors, planning and evaluation of the results of social and hygienic monitoring (SHM), including the correction of planning and implementation, taking into account the priority sources of environmental pollution, the priority adjustment of sources of risks posING the greatest threat to public health. Results. Approaches to the research on the comparative assessment of carcinogenic risk and damage to public health from ionizing radiation and chemical carcinogens in various environmental objects have been developed. The results of studies in the locations of nuclear facilities in the Sverdlovsk region, the Kola Peninsula, the Voronezh region, the Krasnoyarsk territory, and the Leningrad region indicate to a much greater impact of the chemical risk factor on the population health compared to the radiation one. The primary environment of health risks in multimedia risk assessment is the air, what should be considered when developing regional environmental policies. Conclusion. The conducted studies have shown Contribution of nuclear power facilities to the formation of man-made risk to public health to be negligible and by orders of magnitude smaller than Contribution of risk from facilities emitting harmful chemicals. Atmospheric air is the main environment for the formation of health risks in the multimedia exposure to chemicals. Therefore, measures aimed at improving the quality of air should be regarded as a priority for the implementation of measures to preserve public health. The obtained results allow detecting the priorities of the policy in the field of health protection and sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population and contribute to the development of a strategy for further environmentally acceptable socio-economic development of the studied regions.