Environmental Protection Requirements Research Articles

Study on emergency treatment of minor oil leakage of closed circulation cooling water system

With the increasing shortage of water resources and the requirements of environmental protection, the closed circulation cooling water system will inevitably usher in a larger application space. However, when the leakage of the system, especially minor oil leakage, occurs, which is common and inevitable, the water quality of closed circulation cooling water will be deteriorated, and the cooling efficiency of the system will be affected due to the limited drainage and water refill. In view of such situations, this paper focuses on the slight oil leakage in the closed circulation cooling water system of Shaanxi Natural Gas General Plant, through the analysis of the water quality of the closed circulation cooling water system and the system basket filter intercepts in the case of slight oil leakage, with the experimental device of rotary hanging piece method and the inoculation of fresh intercepts to simulate the field conditions of slight oil leakage, the treatment effects of different treating agents are studied. The results show that: In the case of slight oil leakage in the closed circulation cooling water system, the corrosion of carbon steel and stainless steel increases and the corrosion of carbon steel is more serious than that of stainless steel. The metal material attached to the system is mainly corrosion products, and the bactericidal stripping agent SW-01 has almost no effect on the stripping effect of corrosion products, with excellent bactericidal effect. After 6 days of , 3.0g/L of the corrosion inhibition stripping agent HS-01 was added, the peeling effect of corrosion products was obvious, and the peeling effect of 0.3g/L biological dispersant was improved to a certain extent, but not particularly obvious. The peeling effect of the fixtures could be completed on the 9th day. This treatment method can make the corrosion rate of carbon steel and stainless steel fully meet the requirements of circulating cooling water under the condition of little drainage and large water refill, and the peeling effect of the fixtures is obvious. The effect can meet emergency handling requirements.

Study on the Construction of Ecological Corridor of Yangtze River Economic Belt (Anhui Section)

The Yangtze River Economic Belt is one of the regions with the most active economic vitality. Meanwhile, the requirement of ecological and environmental protection in this region should match the strength of economic development. Based on the panel data of five cities along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from 2010 to 2020, this paper empirically-studied the influence of regional economic development level on the construction of ecological corridor. The research found that: due to the Kuznets curve of the environment, with the continuous economic development of the study area, it has a great damage to the ecological environment, which is not conducive to the construction of ecological corridor. On the other hand, the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure will lead to efficient production of polluting enterprises and reduce pollutant emissions, which is conducive to the construction of ecological corridor. Finally, under the principle of ecological priority and green development, the author puts forward some suggestions on the construction of ecological corridor.

Effect of Cryogenic Cooling on Mechanical Properties and Cutting Force of 6061 Aluminum Alloy

With the increasingly strict environmental protection requirements, cryogenic cutting technology as an environmentally friendly machining technology has received more and more attention. In this article, the affect of cryogenic cooling on the mechanical behaviors, cutting force and swarf shape of 6061 Aluminum Alloy were studied. Test result display that cryogenic increase strength of materials and reduces the plasticity of the material. Cryogenic cooling improves the cutting force and improves the chip breaking effect.

The Most Promising New Energy Source—Wind Power

Energy is an important part of the development of human society, but due to the large consumption of oil, coal and other resources, it also brings environmental pollution. Therefore, people have higher and higher requirements for environmental protection and sustainable development. Renewable energy plays a key role in meeting climate change agreement targets, increasing energy security, improving access to electricity and reducing fossil energy consumption. Wind power is a sustainable energy source. Because it is environmentally friendly and rich in resources, scientists have spent thousands of years looking for an effective method. This paper mainly introduces the development of wind power utilization and generation, wind navigation aid, wind water diversion and wind heat. In addition, the present situation, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are described in detail, and the future development of wind power generation is briefly described. Hopefully this article will give a general idea of what wind power can be used for.

Assessment of Energy Consumption of Brine Discharge from SWRO Plants

The San Pedro del Pinatar I and II desalination plants in Spain were constructed near Posidonia oceanica meadows protected at the national and European level. The environmental impact statement for these plants stipulate that the brine discharge from the plant must not impact the meadows. To this end, a 4790 m submerged outfall was constructed to bypass the lower limit of the seagrass meadows, and a diffuser piece, along with an outfall pumping system, was installed at the end of the outfall. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic cost of the energy consumed for the brine discharge evacuation process necessary to comply with environmental requirements. The operating time and power consumption data were obtained from the plant’s monitoring system, while the energy cost was obtained from energy invoices. The computed results show that it is possible to minimize the environmental impacts of brine discharge on the marine environment of an SWRO plant with a low economic cost. The average energy consumption of the reject effluent pumping system ranged from 19.4 to 1239.3 thousand kWh per year, while the average annual energy cost was 49,329 €, which amounts to only 0.56% of the total energy cost for plant operation. The adoption of these measures provide a cost-effective means to meet environmental protection requirements and minimize the environmental impact associated with the discharged brine. As the demand for desalination operations increase, economically and scientifically viable technologies for mitigating environmental impacts are necessary for sustainability in this domain.

Modular Design of Micro Pile Drilling Rig for Cableway Transportation

At present, the construction of UHV ±800kV and above DC power is in a period of rapid development, and the UHV field will usher in a market of hundreds of billions of dollars. The construction period in the construction project is very important for the early investment of the project to generate economic benefits. The construction time of the tower foundation platform in the project is the key point. The mountainous terrain is numerous and complex, and the geology is also very different, which brings great difficulties to the construction schedule. The related micro-pile professional large-scale mechanical equipment has just started in China, and the design of professional micro-pile that is in line with the tower foundation platform construction in the power industry is accelerated. Drilling construction equipment is very necessary; considering the construction cost of construction roads and the increasing domestic requirements for green environmental protection, the designed professional drilling construction equipment must meet the conditions of cableway transportation to reduce construction costs and improve the minimum damage to the environment, among which The load-bearing limit of ropeway transportation is generally not more than 3.5t. Jiangxi Dongrui Machinery Co., Ltd. has comprehensively designed and manufactured relevant professional micro-pile construction drilling equipment, realized the modular design of micro-pile drilling rigs, and disassembled related drilling rigs. Compared with the traditional integral drilling rig, the designed modular micro pile drilling rig WZFT300 has the characteristics of stronger terrain application, wider application scenarios, stronger functions, high economic benefits and high degree of digitization.

Economic and Geographical Research of Transport Infrastructure Planning in Shaki Region

The article studies the territorial organization of transport infrastructure in the Sheki region and its economic and social significance. Analysis of freight and passenger transportation in the region. The inclination of the areas crossed by roads and railways was determined through the Model Builder in the ArcGis program. Within the framework of the State Program on Socio-Economic Development of the Regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, during the design, construction, repair, and reconstruction of roads, the issues of promoting the use of environmentally friendly vehicles and the implementation of environmental and biodiversity protection requirements have been considered in the Shaki region. Areas in the region that are poorly served by transport have also been identified. Finally, relevant proposals were made.

COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE QUALITY OF THE WORK OF THE COMBINED EQUIPMENT FOR SHREDDING AND INCORPORATING VEGETABLE RESIDUES COMPARED TO THE AGGREGATE SHREDDER OF VEGETABLE RESIDUES WITH THE U650 TRACTOR

In practice, the operation of destroying plant residues is carried out separately, in general the equipment is mounted on the back of the tractor. Equipment for destroying plant residues such as cutters, platforms with rotors, shredders, etc. is known. which works in aggregate with the tractor. The disadvantages of these equipments consist in the fact that they work independently and only carry out the operation of destroying plant remains and leaving them on the ground, in the technology being the additional passage on the same land for incorporation, which involves fuel consumption, pollution. ground subsidence etc. The combined equipment for shredding and incorporating plant residues eliminates these disadvantages, mainly because the operations are performed in a single pass. The advantage of using this mechanism consists in facilitating operations and increasing productivity with reduced time and fuel costs, at the same time meeting environmental protection requirements by reducing land subsidence and noxes produced by double tillage. Another advantage consists in avoiding the accumulation of plant debris in front of the active organs of the plow and removing it from the furrow, in case the unshredded material would remain on the ground.

Treatment of engineering waste slurries by microbially induced struvite precipitation mechanisms.

With societal development, the growing scale of engineering construction, and the increase in environmental protection requirements, the necessity of engineering waste mud disposal is becoming increasingly prominent. In this study, microbially induced struvite precipitation (MISP) was introduced to treat engineering waste mud. The study mainly focused on: i) the optimal mineralization scheme for microbially induced struvite precipitation, ii) the feasibility of the process and the effect of reaction parameters on treating engineering waste mud with microbially induced struvite precipitation, and iii) the mechanism of microbially induced struvite precipitation in treating engineering waste mud. The results showed that the waste mud could be well treated with bacteria, 10mM urea, 20mM phosphate buffer, and 25mM at pH 7. The kaolin suspension could be effectively flocculated. The flocculation rate reached approximately 87.2% under the optimum mineralization conditions. The flocculation effect was mainly affected by the concentrations of reactants and heavy metals and the suspension pH. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed a strong struvite (MAP) diffraction peak. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that under the optimal mineralization conditions, the crystals were large and showed prismatic shapes tilted at both ends with adhered kaolin particles. In summary, this manuscript provides an effective way to treat engineering waste mud, and the findings should have a positive effect on enhancing soil fertility and preventing secondary pollution.

Identification of sustainable practices applied to ship recycling

Ship recycling activity plays a significant role for the circular economy by enabling the recovery of materials such as ferrous and non-ferrous scrap. However, the absence of efficient hazardous waste management and good health and safety conditions in some places has triggered action from the international community. Thus, regulations were created to establish requirements for operational safety and environmental protection. However, there is a lack of studies that identify the main sustainable practices applied in this sector, which can guide countries interested in operating in this segment. This study aims to identify the sustainable practices of the ship recycling supply chain to be developed in Brazil and analyze their relationships. Through the literature review, 27 sustainable practices were identified. A questionnaire was applied with the participation of 128 specialists from the maritime, naval, and oil sectors. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to identify sustainable practices and validate the structure of the theoretical model, respectively. The results showed that management practices have the most relevance for the establishment of the ship recycling supply chain, followed by collaborative practices. The strong positive relationship between these two groups of sustainable practices shows that as recycling companies and facilities are gearing up for this activity, collaborations and interactions between stakeholders will emerge. This research contributes to the limited literature regarding studies that address sustainable supply chain management in developing countries with a focus on ship recycling. In addition, it highlights aspects that can help in the formulation of regulations, awareness, and the development of strategies to implement good practices in Brazil and around the world.

Constructing stable interface layer for boosting high-voltage cycling performance of single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes

Increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide and the requirements for environmental protection have greatly promoted the development of low-Co, Ni-rich layered cathodes due to their high energy density, reasonable cost, and less environmental pollution. Nevertheless, serious performance degradation and safety concerns resulting from structural/interfacial instability under high operating voltages (≥4.3 V) have greatly hindered its commercialization. Herein, we propose a feasible surface modification strategy by introducing a multifunctional Li2SiO3 (LSO) coating layer onto the surface of Co less single-crystalline LiNi0·63Co0·07Mn0·3O2 (NCM) to solve the above challenges. The uniform Li2SiO3 coating layer has a unique three-dimensional (3D) ion diffusion channel, which greatly promotes the transmission of Li+ and alleviates interfacial stress accumulation. Equally important, the electrochemically inert Li2SiO3 coating layer has a stable structure framework with strong Si–O bonds, which inhibit anisotropic particle volume expansion and the occurrence of side reactions during long-term cycling. As a consequence, LSO modified NCM exhibits greatly improved electrochemical properties even at harsh testing conditions and achieves capacity retention of 79.1% after 200 cycles at 25 °C within 2.95–4.5 V in half cells. Furthermore, it provides an outstanding capacity retention of 94.7% after 300 cycles at 25 °C within 2.95–4.4 V when tested in pouch full cells.

Experimental tests and EDFM method to study gas injection in a fractured granite reservoir

The development of granite reservoirs with high dip fractures has many difficulties, such as a high decline rate, early water breakthrough, and numerous economic losses. Gas injection is usually used to maintain the formation pressure to increase single well productivity, and could be carried out in fractured reservoirs to enhance oil recovery. When injecting associated gas, it meets the environmental protection requirements of the local government to further eliminate the flare, implementing the concept of green and low-carbon development. In this study, both laboratory tests and reservoir simulation have been done to study the feasibility and the benefit of associated gas injection in the research target. For physical stimulation, it mainly includes experiments such as associated gas injection expansion, slim tube, long core displacement, and relative permeability. Through these experiments, the changes in the recovery factor after depletion development and gas displacement are systematically described and the key controls are revealed for improving the recovery ratio of fractured basement reservoirs. For the simulation part, the embedded discrete fracture model processor combining commercial reservoir simulators is fully integrated into the research. A 3D model with complex natural fractures is built to perform the associated gas injection performance of the fractured granite reservoir. Complex dynamic behaviors of natural fractures can be captured, which can maintain the accuracy of DFNs and keep the efficiency offered by structured gridding. Depletion development and gas injection development strategy are optimized in this research. The result shows that oil recovery by using gas injection is increased by 16.8% compared with depletion development by natural energy.

Green Surfactant Made from Cashew Phenol for Enhanced Oil Recovery.

Surfactants play an important role in enhancing oil recovery (EOR). With the development of tertiary oil recovery technology and the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements, green environmentally friendly surfactants play an important role in replacing conventional surfactants. In this paper, cardanol polyoxyethylene ether (CPE) was synthesized from natural biomass cardanol. Its structure was characterized, and its surface/interface properties, salt and temperature resistance, wettability, emulsification, and oil displacement effect were studied experimentally. The results showed that CPE had good interfacial activity and temperature and salt tolerance, which can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 10-1 mN/m. The emulsion formed by CPE had good stability. With the increase in CPE dosage, the droplet size of the emulsion decreases. The emulsion stabilized by CPE can effectively enhance oil recovery by 11.8%. Therefore, CPE not only is environmentally friendly but also has great application potential in the field of EOR.

Production and carbon emission abatement decisions under different carbon policies: supply chain network equilibrium models with consumers’ low‐carbon awareness

AbstractWith the increasing requirements for environmental protection, authorities have enacted different carbon policies to promote sustainable practices. This study considers the competition among different manufacturers and multiple demand markets in the supply chain network. We examine and compare their equilibrium decision conditions under three common carbon policies: carbon cap, carbon cap‐and‐trade, and carbon tax. Results suggest that under lower carbon caps, manufacturers greatly reduce their carbon emissions by reducing production quantities, which causes a decrease in profits. However, an appropriate carbon cap size can not only motivate manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions but also improve their profits. Under a certain price for carbon credit, the effectiveness of a carbon cap‐and‐trade policy is similar to that of a carbon cap policy, but it has more flexibility. Carbon tax is effective, but it brings more tax burden to manufacturers. We provide implications for companies to optimize their production methods to achieve sustainability.

Civil Aircraft Conceptual Design for CO2 and NOx Emission Reduction

With the rapid development of the air transport industry and the continuous increase of fuel consumption, the environmental problems caused by the emission of civil aircraft have been paid more attention by public. In the future, the aircraft with global market competitiveness should not only meet the indicators of economy and reliability, but also consider the requirements of environmental protection, especially the negative impact of CO2 and NOX emissions. In this research, an assessment model of aircraft emissions is established to calculate the impact of CO2 and NOX emissions on global temperature changes. Further, an optimization framework for aircraft conceptual design is established combined with the analysis models of traditional disciplines such as aerodynamics and cost. Then, aiming at the low emission of the aircraft under the condition of satisfying the performance constraints, objective optimization design studies are conduct, and the design parameter could be valuable reference for the aircraft preliminary design.

Research and Application of Environmental Protection Standardization System for Energy and Power Companies

At present, the national environmental protection is showing a high-pressure and strict management situation, environmental protection requirements are getting higher and higher, environmental protection supervision factors are increasing, and environmental protection law enforcement standards are becoming more and more stringent. Energy and power companies have problems such as weak awareness of environmental protection and law-abiding, imperfect environmental protection management system, inadequate construction and operation management of environmental protection facilities, lack of systematic environmental risk investigation and assessment, and inability to effectively identify and avoid enterprise environmental protection risks. The environmental protection situation faced by enterprises and companies is unprecedentedly severe. Based on the PDCA cycle theory as the theoretical basis for constructing the environmental standardization system of Energy and power companies, and drawing on national standards as the basis for the preparation of the environmental standardization system of Energy and power companies, the "double pre-control" involving ecological and environmental protection, institutional mechanism, daily management, compliance management, ecological protection and restoration governance, air pollution prevention and control (organized), air pollution prevention and control (organized), air pollution prevention and control (unorganized), water pollution prevention and control, Solid waste pollution prevention and control, other pollution prevention and control (noise pollution prevention, gas) and other 10 first-class elements and a number of standards required by the energy and power companies environmental protection standardization system, and invite experts in the field to hold seminars, through experts to view materials, onsite questions, exchange opinions and other methods to improve and improve the environmental protection standardization system of Energy and power companies. based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the system elements are reasonably assigned, the scoring criteria of the standardized system are developed, and the final weight scores are obtained through the application in energy and power enterprises to provide energy and power enterprises with ideas of risk self-examination and risk warning to avoid the risk of environmental penalties.

Modified gas gypsum for thermal and sound insulation in engineering structures

The relevance of gypsum materials in the context of "Eco-construction" is beyond doubt, since gypsum is exactly the building material that fully meets the requirements of ecology and environ-mental protection. Improving the efficiency of gypsum building materials by creating new modi-fied materials with improved technical and operational characteristics currently remains an im-portant and urgent task. In conditions of energy and resource saving due to the lack of the need to build new production lines and sections, this problem was solved by creating modified gypsum materials with improved functional performance properties through the use of modern highly effective modifying micro- and nano-additives. The paper discusses the effect of nanocellulose and styrene latex microadditives on the morphology and properties of gas gypsum – compressive and flexural strength, and sound absorption coefficients. We used a standard gypsum binder of the Peshelan gypsum plant grade G-6. Crystalline citric acid was used as a gas - forming agent. An aqueous emulsion butadiene-styrene latex and an aqueous suspension of nanocellulose were used as strengthening and modifying structuring microadditives.

Prediction of reduction products in the preheating process

Under the current requirements of environmental protection, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the capacity of the new energy interconnection network is increasing day by day. The thermal power unit requires the ability of rapid load adjustment to meet the requirements of real-time power balance. However, when the unit is in a variable load condition, the denitrification system is inefficient or even inoperable. The NOx emission is large, which makes it difficult to meet environmental protection requirements. In this study, a new method for predicting reductive products in the preheating process is proposed, introducing the gasification mechanism into the pulverized coal preheating process. The effects of air coefficient on combustion temperature, velocity, O2, CO2, CO, CH4, and H2, volatile matter and NOx emission are investigated by numerical simulation. It is demonstrated that the gasification mechanism is applicable to predict the reduction products and NOx during preheating. Internal combustion burners can stabilize the precipitation of volatile matter, CH4, CO, and H2. The burner outlet temperature and flow rate decrease with decreasing air coefficient. The local maximum concentration of volatile matter and CH4 are 8.3 vol.% and 2.54 vol.%, respectively. The CO concentration increases with decreasing air coefficient under the effect of CO2 gasification reaction. When the air coefficient is 0.33, the NOx concentration at the burner outlet is 2.8 mg/Nm3 (at 6% O2).

Summary of Silicon and InGaN/GaN Solar Cells

With the global climate change, the continuous consumption of non-renewable energy and the improvement of human requirements for environmental protection, the concept of carbon emission has gradually become popular. One of the main ways to reduce carbon emissions is to use clean energy, among which solar energy is a kind of renewable clean energy that can be widely used. Based on the basic principle of solar cells and through the classification of solar cell materials, this paper introduces the research status of solar cells prepared by the first generation semiconductor silicon and the third generation semiconductor InGaN/GaN, and summarizes the main optimization methods and principles of solar cell efficiency. Silicon nanowire solar cells are rich in raw materials and easy to be prepared. They are the most widely used solar cells at present, but their efficiency is low and needs to be improved. The main method is to optimize their nanowire structure and material surface properties. InGaN/GaN nanowire solar cells can improve their photoelectric conversion efficiency by adjusting the In component, which is also the direction of improving the efficiency of the third generation semiconductor solar cells. Finally, the future development direction is proposed, which can provide the direction and basis for the efficiency optimization of nanowire solar cells.

Research on Ecological Ladder Retaining Wall in Lhasa City

With the continuous improvement of the level of economic and social development and the continuous growth of the population, the degree of human exploitation and utilization of resources has deepened, resulting in a series of serious environmental pollution and destruction. It has threatened the normal life and production activities of local residents. In order to maintain the local ecological balance, we must take effective measures to ensure its healthy development, which is an urgent problem to be solved. In view of the special environment of Lhasa, this paper comprehensively analyzes different types of ecological retaining walls by using a variety of literature and field investigations, in order to find an effective way that not only meets the requirements of environmental protection, but also contributes to the sustainable economic development of Lhasa. Through the comparative analysis of several typical retaining wall structural forms common in Lhasa, the ecological stepped retaining wall structure forms suitable for Lhasa City are proposed, and the applicability of the stepped retaining wall is evaluated by qualitative analysis method, and it is concluded that the stepped ecological retaining wall has good adaptability and meets the construction requirements of Lhasa.