Principles Of Environmental Protection Research Articles

The Environmental Management System within the Competence of the Army of the Czech Republic

Abstract The article deals with the implementation of an ecologically oriented tool in the form of an Environmental Management System in the conditions of the Army of the Czech Republic. Generally, through the system, better results in the field of environmental care are achieved. The article provides the bases for the implementation of the ecological system in relation to the legislative and legal standards, which are obligatory in compliance with environmental protection principles within the legal order of the Czech Republic. As a result of the research, the benefits of the environmental system for the Army, interconnected with the civilian sector, are presented. Emphasis is placed on the attributes of sustainable development that are essential for preserving the lives of future generations.

La constitucionalización de la tutela del medio ambiente

En artículo analiza el fenómeno de constitucionalización de los principios de tutela ambiental en Europa y en la región de América Latina y en lo específico en las Constituciones de Ecuador y Bolivia. El autor quiere evidenciar los modelos novedosos de tutela ambiental constitucional de Ecuador y Bolivia y analizar cuanto de este esfuerzo legislativo se traduce en acciones efectivas. El enfoque comparativo permite reflexionar sobre los distintos modelos constitucionales de tutela del medio ambiente, la manera en que estos modelos pueden traducirse en una tutela exitosa del medio ambiente, y si efectivamente las constituciones analizadas pueden ser ejemplo concreto para una protección ambiental internacional más efectiva.

Professional competence of an environmental expert as a factor in compliance with the principles of environmental protection

Professional competence of an environmental expert as a factor in compliance with the principles of environmental protection

Le pacte mondial pour l’environnement, un nouveau traité pour sauver la planète ?

At the beginning of the 21st century, numerous scientific reports alert us to the urgency of environmental threats. Convinced that an international treaty laying down a certain number of general principles of environmental protection would make it possible to fill in the gaps and strengthen the effectiveness of international environmental law, a group of French lawyers has embarked on the drafting of a ‘ Global Compact for the Environment’. Once drafted, the project was taken to the international arena by French diplomacy. Having given rise to interesting debates under the auspices of the United Nations, it did not, however, receive sufficient support for negotiations to be effectively launched. The process may lead to a new declaration in 2022, the framework for its adoption, the objectives and a fortiori the content of which have yet to be specified. In any case, the political context is not conducive to major advances. Through their strategic choices, States must take care not to risk weakening the existing framework and in particular the action of the institutions created by many environmental conventions.

Approach of Indian Judiciary towards Sustainable Development in India

Sustainable development is increasingly promulgated in international and national legal contexts, but there is a long way to go in terms of implementation. In recent years, there has been a sustained focus on the role played by the higher judiciary in devising and monitoring the implementation of measures for pollution control, conservation of forests and wildlife protection. Many of these judicial interventions have been triggered by the persistent incoherence in policy-making as well as the lack of capacity-building amongst the executive agencies. However, recently, Judiciary is playing the vital role in the protection of environment. One of the main developments in the Indian Judiciary is the Public Interest Litigation. It is the new jurisprudence and is called “Jurisprudence of Masses”. The role of Indian Supreme Court in resolving environmental disputes has contributed immensely to the evolution of environmental jurisprudence and principles in India. This includes recognizing right to healthy environment as a part of fundamental rights and the various principles of environmental protection. It appears that the international environmental law principles have been utilized by the Indian courts not only to ‘formulate’ much of the contemporary environmental jurisprudence in India but also to ‘enrich’ the same. This process is still going on and is a strong approach towards the achievement of sustainable development.

Connecting the dots: relevance of sustainable development principles in addressing environmental protection issues in Nigeria’s oil industry

Sustainable Development Principles are fundamental to addressing environmental protection issues in Nigeria’s oil industry. The paper examined sustainable development in its globally accepted meaning. Furthermore, this principle of environmental protection has in recent years evolved into international standards popularly called global best practices. The objective of the paper is to examine the sustainable development principle and its relevance in addressing the environmental challenges in Nigeria’s oil industry.

Mogućnosti i izazovi očuvanja životne sredine u turizmu i hotelijerstvu

Environmental protection is of exceptional importance for the development of tourism due to the mutual links between tourism and the environment, as well as the growing trend among tourists to choose travel destinations and accommodation facilities that apply the principles of environmental protection and sustainable development. Tourism, besides its positive effects, has a largely negative impact on the environment. Governments, local communities and all companies in the tourism industry should, therefore, show their social responsibility and actively participate in environmental protection, effectively applying the principles and regulations in this field and developing new measures and various activities in order to preserve the environment. The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the activities, measures and environmental principles that should be applied in tourism in order to protect the environment, reduce the negative effects, with a special emphasis on the impact made by hotels and the possibilities of their more efficient use of resources in order to increase hotel sustainability. Through the example of the ecological responsibility of one of the world's largest hotel chains, it will be shown how large hotel corporations address environmental protection and sustainable management, and through additional research it will be examined and determined whether and how environmental principles are applied in a hotel which is a part of a hotel chain operating in Serbia.

Potential Values of Urban Geotourism Development in a Small Polish Town (Pruszków, Central Mazovia, Poland)

Abstract The paper presents abiotic resources which are located in a small town in central Poland. They remain unknown to authorities and inhabitants. For the first time they are illustrated in a scientific paper. The objects of local geological heritage point to geodiversity of this district town in the south-western Mazovia. When the geodiversity is interpreted in a simple, an understandable way, it may become attractive for tourists. We show how abiotic resources located within an urban area can be used to support urban geotourism development. The scientific, educational and aesthetic values of these resources may create the town image in accordance with the principles of environmental protection.

Development of environmental protection model coupling to ecotourism and sustainable livelihood for salt production craft village at Ly Nhon, Can Gio

The purpose of this article is to develop an environmental protection model coupling to ecotourism and sustainable livelihood for the salt production craft village at Ly Nhon, Can Gio, HCM City. The model approaches on the basis of principles of environmental protection and ecotourism development giving chances to the local people to participate in use of existing natural resources for production and ecotourism, and also to ensure the ability to self-rehabilitate and regenerate of these resources. The results obtained from the feasibility study at the case study at a typical household in Ly Nhon showed that the model under study could be applied and helps for sustainable development of the craft village by giving an economic benefit (an income increase of 84.429.300 VND/year), ensuring sustainable livelihood for the local household, minimizing the wastes into the environment (wastewater is treated as required by the standards, generation of 5 m3/day of biogas, 9,28 kg/day organic fertilizer, the solid wastes are fully collected and treated etc). The model could also help to develop and popularize the traditional cultural beauty of the local salt production craft village through the exploitation of tourism activities.

ПРИРОДООХОРОННА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ТЕПЛОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ ВИРОБНИЦТВ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО АНАЛІЗУ

The purpose of the article is to study in accordance with the approved Law of Ukraine "On the basic principles (strategies) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030" and the analytical report of ISED "Analysis of state strategic documents on the accounting of the Sustainable Development Goals adapted for Ukraine until 2030", where new aspects of the vision of goals and strategic objectives in the field of environmental protection, goals have been formulated that are to reduce anthropogenic impact on the environment, preserve such a state of the climate system that will make it impossible to increase risks to health, well-being of people and the environment, improve the integrated environmental management system, ensuring environmentally balanced environmental management, the main strategic objectives are the key to the interaction of analysis and activities in the framework of environmental development, analyzed in detail and presented en in the article. In particular, the issues of environmental economics when using heat supply systems - an object of economic analysis and forecasting, formalization of factual data (averaged indicators - a control criterion), which were carried out at the request of passive monitoring mechanisms, information control - in accordance with the principles of integral management, taking into account control criteria. Dedicated system-generalized research principle. Special attention is paid to the fundamental principles of environmental protection, the reasons for viability are provided, due to which this happens. Thanks to the analyzed components of integral control systems, the unresolved problems have been highlighted in terms of the economic efficiency of industrial environmental management with the proposed nanotechnologies. The main satellites of the process of technogenesis are given, in the composition of technological emissions of anthropogenic substances into the atmosphere, with an indicator - a natural resource - assimilation potential as a factor sign of control actions. A conceptual model of the occurrence of asternal costs is also presented, with the case when the economic assessment of the assimilation potential is determined on the basis of a cost mechanism (saving costs for preventing damage).

Evaluating green suppliers from a green environmental perspective

A green supply chain requires suppliers to consider products and related environmental management simultaneously and include the principle of environmental protection in management mechanisms. The purpose of the green supply chain is to promote green products and enhance market competitiveness. When industries and companies can establish a set of criteria for assessing green suppliers, the efficiency of resource use can be improved, resource consumption can be reduced, and a green corporate image can be enhanced. On the basis of a green supply chain, this study developed green-supplier evaluation criteria and integrated the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method with the analytical network process, forming the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory-based analytical network process model. The decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory-based analytical network process model was then used to calculate the degree to which the criteria of green suppliers influence one another and the causal relations among the evaluation criteria. Subsequently, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory-based analytical network process model was applied to calculate the weights of the criteria and a green-supplier evaluation criteria system was established.

European Union environmental security: the only achieving strategy

The article deals with the main environmental policy stages in the EU. The principles of environmental protection are given. The legal environmental protection framework is considered. The features of regions with natural and common resources, industrial and human potential that has its own action plan for achieving common EU environmental safety strategy are considered.

A Descoisificação dos Animais no Paradigma do Estado Socioambiental de Direito: O Projeto de Lei do Senado 351/2015

O Projeto de Lei do Senado número 315/2015, dispondo que os animais não são coisas, é objeto de estudo nesse artigo sob a ótica do Estado Socioambiental de Direito. A hipótese trabalhada é que o nova ordem jurídica inaugurada com a Constituição de 1988 determina a máxima proteção ambiental e a revisão da equiparação dos animais a coisas ou objetos. Para fins de comparação são citados os artigos do Código Civil Francês, do Código Civil Alemão e do Código Civil Suíço que tratam do mesmo objeto. A conclusão é que o projeto de lei sob análise caso aprovado representará um avanço importante, mas ainda insuficiente para cumprir as regras e princípios de proteção ambiental no paradigma do Estado Socioambiental de Direito. O método dedutivo é usado com pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise da legislação brasileira e estrangeira.

Use of the ICRP system for the protection of marine ecosystems.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently reinforced the international system of radiological protection, initially focused on humans, by identifying principles of environmental protection and proposing a framework for assessing impacts of ionising radiation on non-human species, based on a reference flora and fauna approach. For this purpose, ICRP developed dosimetric models for a set of Reference Animals and Plants, which are representative of flora and fauna in different environments (terrestrial, freshwater, marine), and produced criteria based on information on radiation effects, with the aim of evaluating the level of potential or actual radiological impacts, and as an input for decision making. The approach developed by ICRP for flora and fauna is consistent with the approach used to protect humans. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) includes considerations on the protection of the environment in its safety standards, and is currently developing guidelines to assess radiological impacts based on the aforementioned ICRP approach. This paper presents the method developed by IAEA, in a series of meetings with international experts, to enable assessment of the radiological impact to the marine environment in connection with the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972 (London Convention 1972). This method is based on IAEA's safety standards and ICRP's recommendations, and was presented in 2013 for consideration by representatives of the contracting parties of the London Convention 1972; it was approved for inclusion in its procedures, and is in the process of being incorporated into guidelines.

Transgênicos: uma análise à luz dos princípios jurídicos da precaução e da segurança alimentar

This work aims to analyze the property of transgenic in the face of the principles of precaution and food security, with its interfaces with other important values greater protection of the environment as well and dignity of the human person, especially the linking of sustainable development and healthy quality of life. For this, initially a reflection on the controversy of ownership of living beings by industrial property offices, particularly patents, in view of the value of biodiversity and the substantial resources used for the development of these creations of human ingenuity will be held. Then be checked for the transgenic issue in the face of food safety and other legal values that should be considered when assessing the legal protection of these intangible assets, and the discoveries of science and questions about its safety. In the third part, the conformations of transgenics will be made to the system in the Brazilian environmental protection plan as a result of scientific uncertainty still hanging over these technologies and require a broader understanding of the use of constitutional principles of environmental protection. Therefore, because of the scientific uncertainties weighing on transgenics, there is no doubt of the urgent need for environmental application of constitutional values, in particular the principles of precaution and prevention, depending on the case, so that the full respect of the social function occurs this immaterial good and complete adjustment to sustainable development.

The Jurisprudential and Legal Principles of Environmental Protection

Environment is defined as the place where life continues to flow. The Quran and tradition, which are regarded as the principles of legislation and law-implementation, have emphasized the protection of such an asset. Hence, Islamic clerics have underscored the protection of environmental resources on behalf of the governments. Also, regarding this issue, strict rules and judiciary procedures have been codified and implemented in order to both protect and withstand the destruction of nature. Thereby, paying attention to the codification of jurisprudential and legal principles concerning environmental protection is the key issue in conserving it for people and governments and clarifies the importance and necessity of this issue. To this end, this study aims to establish an operational pattern as well as an efficient procedure for environmental protection. Besides, it exploits both a descriptive and an analytical method similar to library using different written and internet-based resources. The current research investigates the jurisprudential and legal principles regarding environmental protection. Hence, the formulated hypothesis in the current research emphasizes on the importance of the Quran, tradition, wisdom, custom, law, as well as judicial procedure in protecting and supporting our environment. The results of this study indicate that 'Fulfilling the Commandments of Allah and human nature' is the only way to solve the environmental problems in today's world. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i5.11857

Law and the practices of ‘damming’: Tasmanian Dams Case as a turning point

SynopsisBy contrast to many analyses of Commonwealth v Tasmania (Tasmanian Dam case), this article focuses on what the case reveals about the damming of rivers and the role of law in constituting institutions, technologies and practices for that purpose. Australia was colonised by a civilisation that had embedded a technical utilisation of rivers within its laws. Damming rivers, as a reified practice was fostered by modern, technical knowledge. That knowledge displaced other knowledges; including Aboriginal traditional knowledge of land and waters. In 1983, law held the promise of instantiating a new dynamic for human interaction with rivers, as the Tasmanian Dam’s case juxtaposed the international principles of environmental protection with the centralised control over water by large, bureaucratic state agencies that had developed in Australia over the twentieth century. The judgments of Chief Justice Gibbs and Justice Brennan are remarkable for the contrasting visions of dams that they reveal. Yet the dam, and even the river itself, have largely been occluded form legal memory; although the legacy of the case as a platform for later environmental legislation has been significant.

Role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of environmental protection

The rules on environmental protection were quite late included in the founding treaties of the former European Communities. After Single European Act entered into force, there was legal basis for the secondary legislation of the European Community and later European Union. In the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Communities and later Court of Justice of the European Union, the issue of environmental protection has been discussed in several important cases. The Court has established which legal basis is appropriate for enacting regulations and directives related to environment. The case law on relation between the freedom of movement of goods and principle of environmental protection is of special importance because it is necessary to find a balance between these two principles. The judgment in the case of 'Danish bottles' is significant because it has confirmed that environmental protection is one of the primary objectives of the Community. Moreover, it has added one obligatory requirement to the list of exceptions from the freedom of movement of goods, which was mentioned in the case Cassis de Dijon. The ECJ has also discussed principles of environmental protection because by developing this area they were established and now have a significant influence on other EU policies.

Realizacja wielofunkcyjnej gospodarki leśnej z wykorzystaniem funduszy europejskich przez Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne

In the following paper the authors provide an analysis of the possibility of implementing by the State Forests National Forest Holding (PGL LP) a multifunctional, sustainable forest management based on the principles of environmental protection, co-financed from EU funds and national programs in the 2007–2013 funding perspective. The following national programs were taken into account: Regional Operational Programmes, Infrastructure and Environment Operational Programme, Rural Development Programme, European Territorial Cooperation Programme. The programmes were analysed to the extent where the State Forests units (Forest Districts, Regional Directorates of National Forest, State Forests of National Forest) were beneficiaries of financial funds. The analysis of the use of funds by the State Forests units, accompanied by a general statement and selected projects was performed. The issues related to direct payments in the study were not taken into account.

Performance of Green Supply Chain in Manufacturing Industry - The Case of a PCB Manufacturer

Green Supply Chain (GSC) requires suppliers to give integrated consideration to their products and the environment-related management practice. The principle of environmental protection shall be incorporated in the supplier management mechanism, with the objective of embodying environmental protection concept in the products, and hence promoting market competiveness. This is a case study on the PCB industry, and the performance of green competitiveness of the company in case was evaluated with the IPA approach. The result then served as the basis for the company’s improvement.