Environmental Protective Factors Research Articles

Exploring changing trends in depression and anxiety among adolescents from 2012 to 2019: Insights from My World repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Research has indicated a rise in the prevalence of depression and anxiety among adolescents over the past three decades. However, the factors underpinning increases in mental health difficulties remain poorly understood. This study examines psychological, social and environmental risk and protective factors that may explain changes in depression and anxiety among adolescents. Data were taken from two nationally representative My World Surveys of adolescents aged 12-19 years in 2012 (N = 5,490) and 2019 (N = 9,844). Survey data on depression and anxiety and a range of potential risk (e.g., alcohol use, psychotic symptoms) and protective factors (e.g., resilience, self-esteem) were assessed at both time points. Multiple group analyses assessed whether the predictive ability of risk/protective factors changed from wave 1 to wave 2. Results showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety increased significantly between 2012 and 2019, particularly among females. Predictors accounted for between 37% and 61%of the variance in outcomes across waves. While some risk/protective factors were consistent predictors of depression and anxiety at both waves (e.g., bullying, discrimination, optimism), reporting female genderand having higher formal help-seeking tendencies more strongly predicted anxiety at wave 2, while lower self-esteem andlowerresilience(personalcompetence)strongly predicted both depression and anxiety at wave 2. Findings highlight the need to prioritize adolescent mental health service provision, especially in females. Self-esteem and resilience are potentially important targets for supporting adolescent mental health. Further research is required to understand the causal factors associated with increases in anxiety and depression.

End of Life Events and Causes of Death in Danish Long-Lived Siblings: Reduced Dementia Risk Compared to Sporadic Long-Livers

Background: Better physical robustness and resilience of long-lived siblings compared to sporadic long-livers has been demonstrated in several studies. However, it is unknown whether long-lived siblings also end their lives better. Objective: To investigate end-of-life (EoL) events (dementia diagnosis, medication, hospitalizations in the last 5 years of life), causes of death, and location of death in long-lived siblings compared to matched sporadic long-livers from the Danish population. Methods: Long-lived siblings were identified through three nationwide Danish studies in which the inclusion criteria varied, but 99.5% of the families had at least two siblings surviving to age 90 + . Those who died between 2006 and 2018 were included, and randomly matched with sex, year-of-birth and age-at-death controls (i.e., sporadic long-lived controls) from the Danish population. Results: A total of 5,262 long-lived individuals were included (1,754 long-lived siblings, 3,508 controls; 63% women; median age at death 96.1). Long-lived siblings had a significantly lower risk of being diagnosed with dementia in the last years of life (p = 0.027). There was no significant difference regarding the number of prescribed drugs, hospital stays, days in hospital, and location of death. Compared to controls, long-lived siblings presented a lower risk of dying from dementia (p = 0.020) and ill-defined conditions (p = 0.030). Conclusions: In many aspects long-lived siblings end their lives similar to sporadic long-livers, with the important exception of lower dementia risk during the last 5 years of life. These results suggest that long-lived siblings are excellent candidates for identifying environmental and genetic protective factors of dementia.

Retrospective study on the emotional status of healthcare workers in a COVID-19 field hospital in Oman.

To combat the overwhelming demand for medical services and care during the COVID-19 Pandemic, the Sultanate of Oman launched the COVID-19 Field Hospital in 2020, designed to respond and alleviate the burden on the medical infrastructure. Several studies globally and from the Middle East suggested that frontline healthcare workers (HCW) were at risk of developing markers of psychological distress. It was further understood through research findings that HCW were resilient during times of crisis. However, there is a dearth in studies evaluating the emotional status of frontline HCW posted in the COVID-19 field hospitals in Gulf Countries, including Oman. This study attempts to shed light on the emotional status of HCW that were on the frontlines in the field hospital in the Sultanate of Oman. This study aims to quantify and evaluate the emotional status of HCW in the frontline field hospital by screening for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep quality. The data was collected by a local private mental healthcare facility as part of digital feedback to design and implement supportive strategies. Data was collected between September 2021 and October 2021 from 121 HCW in the COVID-19 Field hospital in Oman via 'WhatsApp'. Chi square and binary logistic regression tests were administered to evaluate the data. The participants comprised of 63.6% females and 79.3% were between 30 and 39 years of age. Majority of the participants (65.2%) described themselves as 'financially unstable' and possess an average of 7.5 years of work experience. Of the participants 73.6% of the HCW were based solely in the field hospital for 6-9 months at the time of the survey. Majority of the participants denied the presence of emotional distress expressed through depression (92.6%), anxiety (92.6%) and poor quality of sleep (59.5%). The findings of the present study reflect the HCW ability to cope during challenging situations likely owing to a variety of environmental, social and personal protective factors. The findings of this study can translate into further research on identifying and addressing stressors and targeting the enhancement of protective factors to safeguard the well-being of HCW.

Performance and mechanism of organic solid-phase sediment composite plugging agent

The surface pipeline sediments of the Yingmai and Hade oil fields mainly contain substances such as asphalt and paraffin. The formation of sediment can increase the backpressure during pipeline transportation, and in severe cases, it can also lead to pipeline blockage. In order to solve this on-site situation, indoor experiments were conducted in the early stage, and an efficient organic unblocking system LXW was optimized and formulated. Based on this system, this article selects the wire mesh filtration method to evaluate the unblocking performance of LXW and on-site unblocking agents in the study and comparison of three evaluation methods. At the same time, based on the analysis of the chemical composition, microstructure, and melting point of organic sediments, from the perspectives of safety, environmental protection, and economic factors, further compares the performance and universality of the three unblocking systems, optimizes the process parameters of the LXW unblocking system, explores its stability and impact on the demulsification and dehydration of crude oil emulsions, and evaluates its safety performance. The LXW unblocking system has a more efficient unblocking effect and better universality, which can solve the problem of multiple block blockages on site. In addition, compared with existing unblocking agents, it has better economic benefits and is in line with the characteristics of low cost on site. On this basis, the dissolution and dispersion mechanism of the blockage system on sediment was studied through laser scattering system and fluorescence microscope, and its microscopic mechanism was further verified. At the same time, the oil-water interfacial tension under the action of the unblocking system was studied, and it was found that adding the agent can significantly reduce the equilibrium interfacial tension, which is of great significance for increasing production and injection.

Low-Carbon Optimal Configuration of Integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Energy System with Life-Cycle Carbon Emission

In response to the challenges of global warming and the development of A low-carbon economy, the integrated electricity and natural gas energy system (IEGES) is known as an important structure for future energy supply; thus, its planning and design must take low-carbon and environmental protection factors into account. Regarding carbon emissions as an optimization criterion, this paper built life-cycle carbon emission models of IEGES components. Then, taking the capacities of the energy resources, storage and conversion units of IEGES as the optimization variables, a multi-objective optimization configuration model was established considering the annual investment operation cost and the life-cycle carbon emissions. The multi-objective model was transformed into a single-objective one by an ε-constraint approach and the polynomial fitting method was employed to obtain the value of ε for obtaining uniformly distributed Pareto sets. Based on the fuzzy entropy weight method and the fuzzy affiliation degree approach, the obtained Pareto sets were ranked and the solution with the highest ranking value was selected as the optimal solution for the original problem. Finally, the configuration schemes were analyzed from the perspectives of economy, carbon emission and renewable energy utilization, and the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed optimization method were verified through MATLAB simulation.

Nursing students’ readiness towards the ‘new normal’ in clinical practice: a distributed cognition qualitative perspective

BackgroundClinical practicums are a core component of baccalaureate nursing education. Following the coronavirus pandemic, there have been extensive changes in the workforce environment that may potentially affect nursing students’ experience and readiness for clinical practicums.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted to explore final-year nursing students’ experiences and readiness for their final clinical practicum before becoming a registered nurse. A purposive sample of 24 final-year baccalaureate nursing students was included in this study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face via Zoom. The data was analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.ResultsThree themes depicting students’ experiences and clinical readiness were elucidated. The themes included: (1) Experiencing multiple concerns, (2) requiring a network of support, and (3) easing the transition to professional practice. Students considered the final clinical practicum as challenging and demanding which evoked numerous concerns.ConclusionsConsidering the stress that final-year nursing students experience, it will be important to devise strategies ranging from personal, relational, and environmental protective factors to enable their successful transition and completion of clinical practice.

Environmental Risk Factors, Protective Factors, and Biomarkers for Hearing Loss: An Umbrella Review.

We aimed to investigate the potential environmental risk factors, protective factors, and biomarkers of hearing loss (HL), and establish a hierarchy of evidence. Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science electronic database from inception to June 1, 2023. We included meta-analyses of observational studies of associations between HL and environmental risk factors, protective factors, or biomarkers. We calculated summary effect estimates, 95% confidence interval, heterogeneity I2 statistic, 95% prediction interval, small study effects, and excess significance biases. Of the 9211 articles retrieved, 60 eligible articles were included. The 60 eligible articles identified 47 potential environmental risk and protective factors (N = 4,123,803) and 46 potential biomarkers (N = 173,701). Evidence of association was convincing (class I) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and every 1 cm increase in height. Evidence of association was highly suggestive (class II) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), diabetes, cumulative noise exposure (CNE), smoking, congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, combined exposure to organic solvents and noise, non-Gaussian noise exposure, each 1 kg increase in birth weight, noise exposure, and alopecia areata (AA). In this umbrella review, RA, every 1 cm increase in height, HIV, diabetes, CNE, smoking, congenital CMV infection, combined exposure to organic solvents and noise, non-Gaussian noise exposure, each 1 kg increase in birth weight, noise exposure, and AA were strongly associated with HL.

Farmer's mental health and well-being: Qualitative findings on protective factors.

Agriculture is associated with various physical and mental health risks. There has been growing concern about the psychological hazards associated with farming including high stress levels, depression, anxiety, and increasing rates of suicide. To bolster resilience and overall survival within the farmers, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the protective factors that contribute to mental and psychological well-being. The study followed an explorative research design and used purposive sampling to select samples from Chikkaballapur District in Karnataka. Nine farmers were interviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The interview schedule was prepared based on the literature review. Experts in the field did content and face validation. The transcribed data were coded using the free version of QDA Miner. The thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. Three broader themes and 15 sub-themes emerged: (1) Personal protective factors: feeling of autonomy, purpose in life, passion for work, problem-solving skills, positive mindset and building resilience, learning new skills, and spiritual and religious beliefs; (2) social protective factors: friends and peer group, belongingness, family, and social engagements; and (3) environmental protective factors: lifestyle and being physically active, rural environment, government/institutional support, and recognition in the society. The study successfully emerged three overarching protective factors that farmers perceived as significant for their mental health and well-being, entitled personal, social, and environmental. The study findings provide valuable insights for social work practitioners, guiding them in developing interventions and strategies to support the mental health and well-being of the farming population.

Cohort profile: BioMD-Y (biopsychosocial factors of major depression in youth) – a biobank study on the molecular genetics and environmental factors of depression in children and adolescents in Munich

PurposeBioMD-Y is a comprehensive biobank study of children and adolescents with major depression (MD) and their healthy peers in Germany, collecting a host of both biological and psychosocial information from...

Kharameh cohort study (KHCS) on non-communicable diseases and preliminary findings of 3-year follow-up

PurposeThe Kharameh cohort study (KHCS) is one branch of the ‘Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran’, located in the south of Iran. The enrolment phase of KHCS spanned from April...

Teachers’ Protective Factors of Resilience Scale: Factorial Structure, Validity and Reliability Issues

In the last years, few measurement scales have been introduced to explore the concept of teachers' resilience. While these instruments have made valuable contributions to the field, they have been criticized for their failure to encompass several pivotal protective factors that literature has identified as central to teachers' resilience. In response to this weakness, the Teachers' Protective Factors of Resilience Scale (TPFRS, Daniilidou & Platsidou, 2022) was created which addresses these limitations by including an assessment of both personal and environmental protective factors that influence teachers' resilience. In this context, the present study was undertaken with the aim of testing the factorial structure, reliability and construct validity of the TPFRS, as well as the preferred protective factors of 964 primary and secondary school teachers who participated in the study. The results confirmed that the TPFRS is a robust and valid instrument for assessing the protective factors that underlie teachers' resilience, whereas the predominant protective factors were (1) Teachers’ values and beliefs and (2) Emotional and behavioral competence. In conclusion, the TPFRS can be confidently recommended for use in subsequent research studies and interventions in the teaching profession.

Parental warmth, stressful life events, and impulsivity: A gene-environment-wide interaction study.

Impulsivity is influenced by genetic, neural, and environmental factors, but no study has examined how these factors work together to generate individual differences in impulsivity. The present study aimed to define the functional network that subserves impulsivity and test its relations with the gene-environment interactions found in the gene-environment-wide interaction study. This study used a sample of healthy Chinese college students (N = 1,145) to identify gene-environment interactive effects on impulsivity, then defined the functional brain network related to impulsivity in an independent sample (N = 483), and explored the gene-brain associations using polygenic risk score. The present study found that 14 genes showed significant interactive effects with parental warmth (a protective environmental factor) and that six genes showed significant interactive effects with stressful life events (a risk environmental factor). The polygenic risk score for parental warmth was significantly correlated with functional connectivity especially the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG)-left inferior occipital and left MFG-left superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity, while the polygenic risk score for more stressful life events was significantly correlated with functional connectivity of left dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) to other regions. These associations were stronger in more adverse environments (i.e., low parental warmth or high stressful life events). This was the first gene-environment-wide interaction study of impulsivity. Future studies should replicate our results and explore the underlying mechanisms of these interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Electrical system design of teaching building

With the continuous improvement of our country’s education level, the electrical design of teaching buildings has been paid more and more attention. If the safety measures of building facilities are not perfect, once there is a safety problem, it will inevitably bring irreparable huge losses to the personal safety of students and teachers and the property safety of the school. At the same time, taking into account school expenses, economy, energy saving is also a part that cannot be ignored, which requires full consideration of safety, environmental protection and other factors in the process of electrical system design.This paper mainly studies the electrical design of the teaching building, on the basis of strict compliance with national standards and norms, taking into account safety, economy, energy saving and other design factors, independently designed the power supply and distribution system, lighting system, lightning protection system, to ensure the safe operation of building electrical facilities and energy saving operation.

청소년의 스마트폰 의존도가 사회적 관계 불안에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of the study seeks to look into adolescents’ smartphone usage and prove the hypothesis that personal protective factor of self-esteem and environmental protective factor of social support would show mediating effects in the relationship between personal risk factor of adolescents’ smartphone dependence and social relationship anxiety.
 Methods A survey was conducted on ten middle and high schools located in Jeollabuk-do Province. The ten schools consist of one special purpose middle school, one special purpose high school. Out of 1,600 questionnaires distributed, 1,483 were retrieved, upon which 41 were excluded because of their insincere responses, resulting in 1,442 to be used as the data. Win SPSS 25.0 statistics program and AMOS 25.0 were employed to analyze the collected data.
 Results As a result of effect analysis after applying this confirmed program to adolescents’ smartphone dependence showed significant positive correlation with social relationship anxiety, but showed significant negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Social relationship anxiety formed significant negative correlation with self-esteem and social support. Self-esteem and social support showed significant positive correlation between variables. and self-esteem and social support operated as mediating effects in the relationship between adolescents’ smartphone dependence and social relationship anxiety. Furthermore, the same mediating effects were found in boys and girls alike.
 Conclusions In this study,the effect of protective factors to dependence on Based on smartphones was proved, it provided an important theorical basis.

The coupling relationship and driving mechanism between urbanization and ecosystem services in the Yellow River Basin from a multi-spatial scale perspective

Rapid urbanization has led to ecological destruction and associated issues. Macro policies wield substantial influence over urbanization and its relationship with the environment. Without considering the differences in scale, macro policies may be ineffective at addressing urbanization’s adverse impacts on the environment, and even worsen this relationship. We used data on 622 counties, 76 prefectures, and 7 urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin to examine the development level, coupling coordination degree, and spatial patterns of urbanization and ecosystem services at three scales during 2000–2020. Further, we explored the driving mechanisms in the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services. We found that: First, the coupling coordination was relatively low but showed an upward trend. A sizeable spatiotemporal difference existed, with higher (lower) coordination in the east (west). Second, the coupling coordination of each scale exhibited significant spatial positive correlations. The low-value heterogeneous region was embedded around the agglomeration region, and polarization was significant. The larger the scale, the stronger the agglomeration effect. Further, the coupling coordination spatial agglomeration effect of each scale gradually weakened over time. Third, the spatial and temporal distributions of coupling coordination and its agglomeration characteristics at different scales differed. The urban agglomeration scale showed significant overall coordination or agglomeration characteristics, and prefecture and county regions showed local and unique characteristics within urban agglomerations. Fourth, the dominant factors influencing the spatial patterns of the coupling coordination at the county, prefecture, and urban agglomeration scales differed. The interaction and factor detection showed linear and double-factor enhancements. We find that economic development, government policies, environmental protection, and natural factors are the combined effects of urbanization and ecosystem services. Our research method can provide a reference for other river basins, and the results can help governments in formulating policies for sustainable development at different spatial scales.

Industrial carbon emission forecasting considering external factors based on linear and machine learning models

Accurate forecasting of carbon emissions has become a critical task for the government to formulate effective policies and sustainable development. However, previous studies have mainly focused on large-scale carbon emissions forecasting, while urban-level carbon emission forecasting is equally important but rarely covered. In this study, we propose a novel carbon emission forecasting framework combining linear and machine learning models that considers both time dynamics and external influences. To improve the accuracy and explanatory power of the proposed model, we first introduce twelve initial influencing factors by considering the urban development, economic development, industrial energy consumption, and demographic factors. And then Lasso regression algorithm is adopted to filter out the indicators with poor predictive power. Finally, a combined prediction model by integrating Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) models is established to capture linear and nonlinear features, respectively. The simulation results show that compared with benchmark models, the proposed model indicates stronger prediction performance with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.096 and a R-squared (R2) of 97.5%. In addition, six future development scenarios, including carbon emission projections for industrial growth and environmental protection factors, are also performed in this study to provide recommendations for carbon emission reduction programmers and related policy formulation. In conclusion, the forecasting framework proposed in this research can help to identify the key factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions and provide a quantitative reference for carbon dioxide emission reduction.

Bilingualism and APOE4 alelle as a risk‐protective factor in dementia among Peruvian Andean aging population

AbstractBackgroundBilingualism has been considered as a protective factor against dementia. But the evidence in Native American populations is spare and to our knowledge, there are no studies analyzing risk factors, as the APOE4 genotype and environmental protective factors as the bilingualism and education. Our objective was to analyze the risk/protective association between bilingualism and APOE4 status (carrier/non‐Carrier) on Alzheimer Dementia Related Disorders (ADRD). In addition, we analyzed the impact of the bilingual/monolingual condition on cognition.MethodWe used the data of the ongoing study “Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease in Peruvian Populations study” (GAPP). 275 older adults (mean age = 71.57, SD = 8.3) were recruited from 3 Peruvian cities: Lima, Arequipa and Puno. These last located in the southern of Peru where Quechua and Aymara ethnics are the most important population. Bilingual condition was evaluated as a dichotomous condition (yes/no). A clinical and neuropsychological protocol was applied which included brief cognitive test, functional status measures and clinical dementia scales (CDR). Cognitive measures included attention, memory, abstract reasoning, language and visuoconstruction. Genotyping was conducted on The Infinium Global Screening Array‐24 BeadChip, which combines multi‐ethnic genome‐wide content. Binary logistic regression was performed taking the CDR 1 score as the dependent variable and gender, education, being bilingual/monolingual, and APOE4 Carrier/non‐Carrier status as predictors. Finally, we use mean comparison test in cognition measures according the bilingual/monolingual condition.ResultWe observed that bilingualism (OR = 0.23, p<.001), APOE non‐carrier status (OR = 0.26, p<.001) and more years of schooling (OR = 0.92, p<.01) are associated with a lower risk of dementia. We also see that bilinguals have better scores than monolinguals in orientation tasks (t = 2.65, p<.01), memory total recall (t = 2.02, p<.05), semantic fluency‐animals (t = 2.71, p<. 01) and visuoconstructional abilities (t = 6.62, p<.001). Likewise, only in perception recognition tasks, monolinguals scored higher than bilinguals (t = 3.17, p<.01).ConclusionEnvironmental factors seem to have a significant protective effect along with biological known risk factor in dementia and have a significant effect on cognition.

Effects of multidomain environmental and mental health factors on the development of empathetic behaviors and emotions in adolescence.

Empathy is at the core of our social world, yet multidomain factors that affect its development in socially sensitive periods, such as adolescence, are incompletely understood. To address this gap, this study investigated associations between social, environmental and mental health factors, and their temporal changes, on adolescent empathetic behaviors/emotions and, for comparison, callous unemotional (CU) traits and behaviors, in the early longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development sample (baseline: n = 11062; 2-year follow-up: n = 9832, median age = 119 and 144 months, respectively). Caregiver affection towards the youth, liking school, having a close friend, and importance of religious beliefs/spirituality in the youth's life were consistently positively correlated with empathetic behaviors/emotions across assessments (p<0.001, Cohen's f = ~0.10). Positive family dynamics and cohesion, living in a neighborhood that shared the family's values, but also parent history of substance use and (aggregated) internalizing problems were additionally positively associated with one or more empathetic behaviors at follow-up (p<0.001, f = ~0.10). In contrast, externalizing problems, anxiety, depression, fear of social situations, and being withdrawn were negatively associated with empathetic behaviors and positively associated with CU traits and behaviors (p<0.001, f = ~0.1-0.44). The latter were also correlated with being cyberbullied and/or discriminated against, anhedonia, and impulsivity, and their interactions with externalizing and internalizing issues. Significant positive temporal correlations of behaviors at the two assessments indicated positive (early) developmental empathetic behavior trajectories, and negative CU traits' trajectories. Negative changes in mental health adversely moderated positive trajectories and facilitated negative ones. These findings highlight that adolescent empathetic behaviors/emotions are positively related to multidomain protective social environmental factors, but simultaneously adversely associated with risk factors in the same domains, as well as bully victimization, discrimination, and mental health problems. Risk factors instead facilitate the development of CU traits and behaviors.

Associations between home environmental factors and childhood eczema and related symptoms in different cities in China

Previous studies have shown significant associations between home environmental factors and childhood eczema. However, few studies have compared how associations differ in different regions. This study investigated associations between home environmental factors and childhood eczema ever, and related symptoms including itchy rash (IR) and being awakened by itchy rash at night (awake by IR) in 4 cities located in different regions of China, based on cross-sectional investigations during 2010–2012. We used two-step analysis to explore the associations between influencing factors and eczema/related symptoms: first, group Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was conducted to identify important factors among a list of candidates; then, the associations in total study population and in each city were estimated using logistic regression. We found these home environmental factors to be risk factors for eczema or related symptoms: large residence size, shared room, air cleaner at home, abnormal smell, perceived dry air, visible mold or damp stains, cooking with coal or wood, painted wall, incense, mice, new furniture during pregnancy, abnormal smell at birth, window condensation at birth and environmental tobacco smoke at birth. Environmental protective factors were rural house location and window ventilation. Associations of factors with eczema/related symptoms differed across cities. For example, air conditioning was protective for eczema in Beijing and awakening by IR in Shanghai with ORs of 0.70 (95%CI: 0.52, 0.95) and 0.33 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.81) respectively, but not significant in other cities. Our results have implications for improving home environments to reduce the risk of childhood eczema/related symptoms in different regions of China.

Protective factors of suicidal behaviors in children and adolescents/young adults: A literature review

BackgroundSuicidal behaviors present a public health challenge in children and adolescents. Although the risk factors have long been well documented, protective factors have only been documented for a few years, and there has not been a literature review concerning the suicidal behaviors of children and adolescents since 2006. MethodsRelevant articles were collected using the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. Studies meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: age of participants from 6 to 19 years, qualitative and quantitative cohort or case–control studies, multivariate analysis studies, and studies with significant results for at least one protective factor. The methodology used in this review is based on the PRISMA criteria. ResultsA total of 26 studies were included in this review, which highlights various individual and environmental protective factors. The results were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis, and therefore the discussion is in the form of a narrative summary. High-quality relationships with family and in the school environment were the most frequently found protective factors. The presence of positive links with peers, with other adults, and with the culture of origin was also noted. On an individual level, self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and particular coping abilities were found to be the most important protective factors. ConclusionThere are numerous important protective factors for suicidal behaviors in children and adolescents and also for adapting care to their needs. A future challenge will be to determine the best protective factors to be consolidated or strengthened using self-assessment tools that are already in use or being developed.