Development Of Environmental Policy Research Articles

Resilience or Collapse? Reconstructing the Water Quality Time Series of a Tropical River Impacted by a Mine Tailings Dam Failure

The 2015 Fundão tailings dam collapse in Mariana, Brazil, was a major environmental catastrophe. Assessing its long-term effects on water quality is critical for environmental restoration and policy development. In this study, we reconstructed a 15-year time series of five water quality parameters to assess whether the collapse caused permanent changes. Using public data from the Minas Gerais Water Institute (IGAM), we fitted generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape to model long-term trends in turbidity, total solids, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Predictor variables included daily precipitation and smooth functions for time and longitudinal distance along the river. As expected, turbidity and total solids increased sharply after the collapse; however, the mean values returned to pre-collapse levels within four years. Conductivity, which was already elevated pre-collapse, remained high following the passage of the tailings plume. Although we observed a tendency toward pre-collapse values, the long-term conductivity mean did not fully stabilize to previous levels. No clear patterns were observed for pH or dissolved oxygen. This study highlights the acute impact of the dam collapse on five water quality parameters in the Doce River and illustrates the river’s subsequent stabilization process, although other important and chronic impacts are still persistent. Long-term studies such as this provide valuable insights into the dynamics of fluvial systems.

Costos de transacción en los proyectos ambientales

It is based on the need to analyze the scope of transaction costs (TC) in the development and use of instruments in environmental policies, as well as their effects on social welfare. Investigating the causes of TK and their dimensions is essential for the design, selection and evaluation of environmental policies. Studying the influence of TK throughout the development, implementation and administration of environmental policies, as well as their distribution among different stakeholders, provides a deeper understanding to environmental policymakers, enabling them to more efficiently manage environmental resources and public goods. Lack of knowledge about TK limits the information available to environmental policy decision-makers, affecting their ability to address ex ante and ex post issues in relation to environmental projects.

Evaluasi Implementasi Hukum Pidana terhadap Kasus Kejahatan Lingkungan di Kawasan Hutan Lindung: Studi Kualitatif-Etnografis

Protected forests play a crucial role in preserving biodiversity and mitigating climate change. However, these areas face increasing threats from illegal activities, such as logging and land encroachment, which compromise environmental stability and result in significant economic losses. This study evaluates the implementation of criminal law in addressing environmental crimes within Indonesia's protected forest areas, focusing on the effectiveness and challenges encountered in enforcement. A qualitative ethnographic approach was employed, involving direct observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local communities, law enforcement officials, and other stakeholders. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of law enforcement is hindered by several key factors: economic dependency on illegal activities, limited capacity and resources of law enforcement agencies, and external pressures from vested interests. Additionally, the lack of public awareness and inconsistent legal implementation exacerbate these challenges. Despite existing regulations, enforcement remains insufficient to deter environmental crimes or provide lasting protection for critical ecosystems. This study contributes to the understanding of the socio-economic and cultural dynamics that influence the effectiveness of environmental law enforcement. It underscores the need for a holistic strategy that integrates legal, economic, and community-based approaches. Recommendations include strengthening the capacity of law enforcement agencies, fostering public awareness through educational programs, and involving local communities and traditional leaders in collaborative conservation efforts. By addressing these gaps, the research provides actionable insights to enhance the preservation of protected forests in Indonesia and supports the development of more sustainable and inclusive environmental policies

Consequences of anthropization in the Veredas environments in the Brazilian Cerrado

The Veredas are considered a wet savanna phytophysiognomy that is important for the preservation of the Cerrado. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of anthropic actions on soil and vegetation degradation in the Veredas environments in the Environmental Protection Area (EPA). Two environments of preserved and anthropized Veredas were selected. Anthropized environments are understood as areas of Veredas that had their vegetation cover lost due to the occurrence of recurrent forest fires associated with the presence of domestic animals. In these areas, samples were collected to evaluate soil characteristics, and floristic surveys were conducted to characterize vegetation. It was found that the uncontrolled anthropization process driven by forest fires and domestic animals in the Veredas environments led to the degradation of the land cover and soils of these environments. Vegetation removal is manifested by a reduction in the number of individuals and species present in anthropized environments. Organic matter content and fertility have decreased, while soil density has increased. These results are explained by the accelerated decomposition and (or) by the deposition of biomass burning products in anthropized environments. We also analyzed statistics of fire foci and found the highest values in relation to soil classes in the Entisols and the Oxisols environments. The highest bulk density of fire foci was observed in the Entisols environments and is influenced by the presence of an herbaceous stratum composed of grasses. Thus, an understanding of the anthropization processes of the Veredas environments in conservation units for sustainable use, such as the EPA, is urgently required. Our results facilitate the development and enaction of environmental policies for the most effective preservation and protection of these areas.

The impact of green low-carbon development on public health: a quasi-natural experimental study of low-carbon pilot cities in China.

In recent years, climate change and environmental pollution have posed significant threats to public health. As environmental policies such as low-carbon city initiatives are progressively implemented, their role in enhancing public health has become a topic of growing interest. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between green low-carbon development and public health and to analyze the underlying mechanisms. We utilized data from 271 prefecture-level cities in China spanning from 2007 to 2020, focusing on green low-carbon development, climate change, environmental pollution, and public health. Employing the quasi-natural experimental framework of China's low-carbon city pilot projects, we constructed a multi-site difference-in-differences (DID) model for empirical analysis. Various robustness checks, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, sample selection bias checks, and adjustments to the temporal and spatial scope of the samples, were conducted to ensure the reliability of the results. Additionally, we explored the positive effects of green low-carbon development on public health through dual mediation pathways involving climate change mitigation and pollution reduction. Finally, we examined the heterogeneity of the results across different city tiers, economic growth rates, levels of technological investment, and green finance development. The findings indicate that green low-carbon development significantly enhances public health, a conclusion supported by robustness tests. Mechanism analysis reveals that the benefits of green low-carbon development on public health are realized through mitigating climate change and reducing environmental pollution. Further analysis reveals that the positive impact on public health is more pronounced in first-and second-tier cities, as well as in cities with faster economic growth, greater technological investment, and more developed green finance sectors. This study highlights the crucial role of urban green low-carbon development in improving environmental quality and public health. In addition to providing empirical evidence that supports the promotion of green low-carbon development in cities, the results point to policy recommendations for enhancing public health. Moreover, the findings contribute to the development of environmental policies and the implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy.

Study on the Precise Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Air Pollution in Cold Regions Using the Cost Control Method

Objective: With the acceleration of industrialization, air pollution has become a global environmental issue, particularly in cold regions where the unique climatic and geographical conditions give rise to distinctive types of air pollution and impacts. Considering the economic evaluation of environmental damage is crucial for effective pollution control policies, this study aims to provide a more precise environmental damage assessment method through the Improved Virtual Control Cost Method (IVCCM) to optimize air pollution governance strategies in cold regions. Method: This study utilizes a case study of a major company producing methanol and coal-based natural gas, where the emissions from the boiler exhaust exceeded the prescribed standards for particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides during a specific period. By employing a segmented counting approach that accounts for downtime, precise calculations were conducted for the actual periods of excess emissions. Adjustments were made to the calculation coefficients within the Virtual Control Cost Method to more accurately reflect the ecological damage caused by air pollution. Results: The IVCCM calculations revealed that the total environmental loss caused by the company’s excessive air pollution emissions amounted to USD 1.6844 million, significantly lower than the original calculation method (USD 2.1885 million). Specifically, the environmental losses due to particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides were USD 0.0032 million, USD 0.3600 million, and USD 1.3212 million, respectively. Conclusions: The IVCCM enables a more precise assessment and prediction of ecological environmental damage caused by air pollution in cold regions. Compared to traditional methods, it effectively reduces assessment costs, mitigates disputes arising from unclear parameter values and calculation methods, and facilitates the development of more rational environmental protection policies and measures.

Environmental Fragility in Commercial Forest Plantations Aiming at Sustainable Management

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the environmental fragility of two landscapes in which there is a predominance of commercial forest plantations, with the aim of analyzing this fragility through multicriterial evaluation, focusing on the planning of forest roads. Theoretical Framework: The theory of environmental fragility, multi-criteria evaluation methods, and principles of landscape management stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. These frameworks are crucial for analyzing the impact of forest roads on environmental variables such as water dynamics, sediment production, and soil erodibility. The integration of these theories allows for a comprehensive assessment of environmental fragility, essential for effective forest planning and road maintenance in forested areas Method: The methodology adopted involves a multi-criteria evaluation approach to assess environmental fragility in forest landscapes. Key criteria, including slope, distance from water bodies, soil erodibility, and topographic humidity, were integrated to create fragility maps. Data were collected through geographical and environmental analysis, processed with spatial analysis tools, and supplemented by principal component analysis to identify influential criteria. This approach enabled a detailed assessment of forest roads' environmental impact, supporting informed decisions in road planning and landscape management. Results and Discussion: The results revealed notable variations in environmental fragility. The analysis of forest roads highlighted their varying impact on environmental fragility. These results are framed within the context of environmental fragility and multi-criteria evaluation, emphasizing the role of criteria such as slope, proximity to water bodies, soil erodibility, and topographic humidity in assessing landscape degradation. The study underscores the need for careful forest road planning to mitigate environmental impacts and promotes the use of comprehensive evaluation methods in sustainable landscape management. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of forest management and environmental conservation. These implications could encompass forest road planning, sustainable landscape management, and the development of environmental policies aimed at mitigating the impact of infrastructure on natural ecosystems.The study's findings emphasize the need for incorporating multi-criteria evaluation methods into forest planning processes to identify and mitigate areas of high environmental fragility. This approach can guide decision-makers in prioritizing areas for road maintenance, rehabilitation, or even rerouting to minimize ecological damage. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of integrating environmental fragility assessments into broader forest management strategies, enhancing the sustainability of commercial forestry operations while preserving essential ecosystem services. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by introducing an innovative application of multi-criteria evaluation in assessing environmental fragility within forest landscapes, specifically in the context of forest road planning. The research combines various environmental criteria into a comprehensive fragility map, offering a nuanced understanding of landscape vulnerability that is less commonly addressed in existing studies. Notably, this methodology focused on forest roads has not been previously explored in the literature, highlighting the unique contribution of this research to the field.The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential to influence forest management practices, particularly in the sustainable planning and maintenance of forest roads.

Transition toward a sustainable future: Exploring the role of green investment, environmental policy, and financial development in the context of load capacity factor in G‐7 countries

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability holds evident significance since it is intricately connected with attaining sustainable development. However, the pre‐requisite of ecological sustainability is the higher ratio of biodiversity to ecological footprint, called the Load Capacity Factor (LCF). Literature is quite scant on the drivers of LCF and the study in hand is the attempt to find the viable policy instruments of this important sustainability indicator. For this purpose, the study has explored the role of green investment (GI), environmental policy (EP), financial development (FD), and natural resources rent (NRR) in the context of the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis for G‐7 countries from 1990 to 2019. Considering the co‐dependence among economies, the study has employed a Cross‐sectional Dependence Autoregressive Distributive Lag (CS‐ARDL) technique to investigate the impact of each variable along with other econometric techniques. The observed outcomes suggest that green investment and environmental policy stringency both contribute to improving environmental quality by increasing LCF. Whereas financial development and natural resources rent significantly, reduce the LCF and enhance environmental degradation. Additionally, the findings also validate the LCC hypothesis in the G‐7 context. The study advocates the need for green investment and policy stringency to achieve ecological sustainability and adequate consideration to transform financial development toward sustainability. Finally, the study has presented in‐depth ecological solutions so that G‐7 economies can take possible action to acquire the targets set in COP26.

Place-Making Research: A Bibliometric, Visualization, and Thematic Analysis

Place-making is recognized for its significant role in enhancing community cohesion, preserving cultural heritage, and promoting environmental sustainability. In recent years, place-making has garnered increasing attention as a multidisciplinary research topic from scholars in various fields. However, despite the increasing amount of research, systematic reviews and analyses of existing studies remain relatively scarce. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of the field of place-making through bibliometric and visualization analyses. We used CiteSpace for data analysis and visualization, focusing on the most influential articles, journals, countries, research categories, keywords, and themes in this field. The results indicate a significant increase in publications on placemaking since 2013. Major research institutions are concentrated in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Research hotspots are centered around “city”, “politics”, and “place-making”, among others. Current research is primarily categorized into four core themes: Urban Design and Public Space, Social Participation and Cultural Identity, Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability, and Governance, Policy, and Community Development. The research trajectory in this field shows trends of diversification and integration. Future research should emphasize interdisciplinary integration, combining urban planning, digital technology, and sociology.

The Relationship among Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Factors

As the global economy slows down, enterprise development enters a new stage. In addition to scale expansion, more emphasis is placed on external factors that focus on sustainable development, such as environmental, social and governance (ESG). ESG represents the concept of green economy, emphasizing that enterprises should not develop at the cost of the environment, but should take the initiative to fulfill social responsibilities and protect the rights and interests of stakeholders. In this paper, the comprehensive impact of ESG dimensions on corporate governance is deeply studied. Through the systematic review and analysis of several domestic and international literatures, this paper reveals the key role of strong governance structures in promoting the development and implementation of corporate environmental policies, as well as their central position in enhancing social responsibility and corporate social image. Research shows that good governance can not only improve a company's environmental performance, but also further enhance its financial performance and market competitiveness by improving social interaction and meeting stakeholder needs. This paper emphasizes that the optimization of governance structure is an important strategy for enterprises to achieve sustainable development and increase shareholder

Ecological Status Assessment of Permafrost-Affected Soils in the Nadym Region, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russian Arctic

Permafrost-affected regions in the Russian Arctic are a critical study area for studying the sources of metal elements (MEs) in soils originating from geological/pedogenic processes or from anthropogenic sources via atmospheric transport. In the Nadym region of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, we investigated the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and MEs across different soil types and horizons, explored the source apportionment of MEs, and assessed local ecological risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The results showed that (1) the contents of SOC and TN in Histic Cryosols (8.59% and 0.27%) were significantly higher than in Plaggic Podzols (Arenic, Gelic, and Turbic) (2.28% and 0.15%) and in Ekranic Technosols (Umbric) (1.32% and 0.09%); (2) the concentrations of MEs in the Nadym region were lower than in other Arctic regions; (3) the primary sources of MEs were identified as geological processes (36%), atmospheric transport (23%), agricultural activities (21%), and transportation (20%); and (4) the permafrost-affected soils in the Nadym region exhibited low ecological risks from PTEs. These results underscore the critical role of geological and anthropogenic factors in shaping soil conditions and highlight the relatively low ecological risk from PTEs, providing a valuable benchmark for future environmental assessments and policy development in Yamal permafrost regions.

The dark side of climate policy uncertainty: Hindering energy transition by shaping environmental taxes effectiveness

Climate policy uncertainty (CPU) may have an adverse impact on the environment by interfering with the effectiveness of environmental policies, but there is currently little evidence to support this indirect effect. By incorporating CPU into the transition function, this paper utilizes the panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) to dynamically analyze how CPU affects the relationship between environmental taxes (ETR) and energy transition. When CPU exceeds the threshold, the promoting effect of ETR on energy transition weakens or reverses. The robustness of the main conclusions is demonstrated by establishing a PSTR estimator with the instrumental variable. This paper also constructs a counterfactual scenario, showing that CPU reduces the positive impact of ETR on renewable energy consumption and generation by 7.6% and 3.5%, respectively. Further analysis indicates that this negative effect arises because CPU likely increases investment risk, particularly for long-term green projects, thereby inhibiting the clean energy market and energy-related green technological innovation. Heterogeneity analysis find that the weakening effect of CPU on the effectiveness of ETR is stronger in countries with low energy resource endowment, high energy intensity, and lower economic development levels, underscoring the need for tailored policy approaches. This research emphasizes that for countries with ambitious energy transition goals, climate policy stability is crucial for ensuring the healthy development of environmental taxes policy and renewable energy markets.

인천항 대기오염물질 배출량 산정 및 저감효과 분석

As global awareness of air pollution issues caused by ports increases, international organizations and developed countries are monitoring pollution levels and establishing various eco-friendly policies to reduce emissions. Domestically, the relevant laws were enacted in 2020 to systematically manage the sources of port pollutants in the five major ports. This study aims to estimate the emissions of air pollutants generated by Incheon Port and analyze the effects of major eco-friendly policies such as Emission Control Areas (ECA), Vehicle Speed Reduction (VSR), and Alternative Maritime Power (AMP). For the year 2023, activity data for all ships, cargo handling equipment, and vehicles were collected, applying methodologies from reputable institutions such as the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). According to national guidelines, air pollutants are categorized into eight types: CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, PM10, PM2.5, VOC, and NH3. The analysis revealed that the total emissions of air pollutants from Incheon Port were approximately 6,362 tons, with ships accounting for over 60% of the total emissions. Among the pollutants, NOx was the highest at 4,597.4 tons, followed by CO at 862.4 tons, and TSP at 314.6 tons. Among the ports, emissions were highest at the New Port, followed by the South Port, Inner Port, and North Port. The results of this study provide essential baseline data for monitoring the air pollution levels of Incheon Port and serve as critical evidence for environmental management and policy development. For sustainable future management, it is crucial to secure reliable data and develop a platform that links data collection, analysis, and visualization functions for more systematic operation.

Environmental transition dynamics under external conflict risk: New evidence from European countries

We investigate the dynamic effect of external conflict risk on environmental transition by considering the impacts of eco-innovation, economic growth, and energy consumption in a panel comprising 26 European countries from 2011 to 2020. Using a non-parametric model represented by the panel QARDL, we find that in the short run, a 1% increase in external conflict risk statistically leads to a 0.25% and 0.13% increase in the likelihood of environmental transition for the median and extreme upper quantiles (50th and 95th percentiles), respectively. However, the same increase holds little importance when considering the lower quantile (5th percentile). The indicated effect substantially decreases in the long run, reaching zero across the different quantiles. We also note discrepancies in the impact of energy across various quantile levels. For instance, the effect of population is significant from the 5th to the 90th quintiles. Overall, our findings suggest that enhancing eco-innovation helps reduce environmental transition risk. The results are relevant to the development of environmental policies and provide valuable insights for energy officials, technology stakeholders, and policymakers in their attempts to strengthen resilience during an environmental transition.

Monitoring Turkey's nighttime light and environmental change.

Nighttime lighting (NTL), population growth, and climate change are critical concerns for Turkey. The intensity of nighttime lights in Turkey has significantly increased in recent years, closely associated with rapid population growth and urban expansion. Areas with higher population density exhibit greater nighttime light presence. Nighttime lighting is directly linked to energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, contributing significantly to global climate change. The rise in nighttime lighting in Turkey exacerbates climate change effects. In this study, data on NTL were gathered from the NOAA/V21 satellite for 2013-2021, the NOAA/CMCFG satellite for average DMSP-OLS radiance values from 2013 to 2023, and the NOAA/VNP46A2 satellite for BRDF-corrected DMSP-OLS NTL data from 2013 to 2023. Night temperature values were extracted from NOAA and MODIS images, and their correlation with NTL data was analyzed. A moderate relationship was observed between NTL and night land surface temperature (LST) (R, 0.32; p-value < 0.05). Population and greenhouse gas emission data were sourced from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases (F-gases) are direct greenhouse gases. A strong correlation was found between NTL and greenhouse gases (R, 0.8; p-value < 0.05). Population density emerges as a significant determinant of nighttime light intensity. These findings underscore the substantial correlation between nighttime light intensity in Turkey, population dynamics, and GHG emissions. The study suggests that NTL data can inform the development of sustainable environmental policies. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions necessitates controlling population growth and energy consumption, pivotal steps toward environmental sustainability.

The dynamic spatial effects of education investment on carbon emissions: heterogeneous analysis based on north-south differences in China

This article is based on panel data from 266 cities in China from 2009 to 2020. Classical economics theory and Marxist political economy theory are used as the theoretical basis for the study. Static spatial Durbin model regression and dynamic spatial Durbin model regression are conducted to analyze the impact of education investment on carbon dioxide emissions. The results show that education investment can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, not only through spatial spillover effects, but also through dynamic effects over time. The implementation of education investment in one city can have a positive impact on surrounding cities, thereby achieving a certain degree of reduction in carbon emissions. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of education investment on carbon emissions is more significant in the short term. Furthermore, the study found that there is significant heterogeneity in the effect of education investment on carbon dioxide emissions between northern and southern cities, with education investment in southern cities having a more significant effect. This may be related to the industrial structure and climate of southern cities. The conclusions of this study provide useful reference for the development of education policies and environmental protection policies. In the future, the government can increase education investment appropriately to achieve the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. And research has shown that education investment can suppress carbon emissions by influencing changes in energy and industrial structures. Therefore, when using measures to reduce emissions in education investment, we can focus on these two aspects.

Spatio-temporal analysis and prediction of land use landcover (LULC) change in Wular Lake, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Landsat land use/land cover (LULC) data analysis to establish freshwater lakes' temporal and spatial distribution can provide a solid foundation for future ecological and environmental policy development to manage ecosystems better. Analysis of changes in LULC is a method that can be used to learn more about direct and indirect human interactions with the environment for sustainability. Neural network technology significantly facilitates mapping between asymmetric and high-dimensional data. This paper presents a methodological advancement that integrates the CA-ANN (cellular automata-artificial neural network) technique with the dynamic characteristics of the water body to forecast forthcoming water levels and their spatial distribution in "Wular Lake." We used remote sensing data from 2001 to 2021 with a 10-year interval to predict spatio-temporal change and LULC simulation. The validation of the calibration of predicted and accurate LULC maps for 2021 yielded a maximum kappa value of 0.86. Over the past three decades, the study region has seen an increase in a net change % in the impervious surface of 22.41% and in agricultural land by 52.02%, while water decreased by 14.12%, trees/forests decreased by 40.77%, shrubs decreased by 11.53%, and aquatic vegetation decreased by 4.14%. Multiple environmental challenges have arisen in the environmentally sustainable Wular Lake in the Kashmir Valley due to the vast land transformation, primarily due to human activities, and have been predominantly negative. The research acknowledges the importance of (LULC) analysis, recognizing it as a fundamental cornerstone for developing future ecological and environmental policy frameworks.

Assessing the Impact of Sustainable Pasture Systems on Lamb Meat Quality

The global demand for sustainable lamb production is increasing due to the need for high-quality meat with minimal environmental impact, making the choice of feeding systems crucial. This study investigates the effects of supplemented pasture feeding during the last 60 days of rearing on the meat fatty acid profile, pH value, colour characteristics, and mineral composition of lambs, highlighting the benefits of such feeding systems. Ninety lambs (MIS sheep breed) were divided into three distinct feeding regimes: Group I (alfalfa and concentrate feeding), Group II (white clover [Trifolium repens] pasture with concentrate supplementation), and Group III (birds’ foot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus] pasture with concentrate supplementation). The results have shown that supplemented pasture feeding improves the fatty acid profile by increasing n-3 content and desirable fatty acids, while reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio and atherogenic index (p &lt; 0.05), particularly in lambs finished on an L. corniculatus diet. However, forage-supplemented feeding also reduces meat colour lightness and redness (p &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, it enhances the meat’s mineral profile, with higher calcium, selenium, and iron levels, especially in lambs fed L. corniculatus. These findings underscore the benefits of moderate grazing with supplemental concentrates in optimising lamb meat quality. Importantly, they also highlight the potential of forage legumes like T. repens and L. corniculatus to significantly enhance the nutritional profile of lamb meat, offering a promising outlook for the future of sustainable lamb production. Additionally, this research provides valuable insights that could guide the development of future agricultural practices, dietary guidelines, and environmental policies to advance sustainable and nutritious food systems.

The Efficiency of Financing Environmental Protection Measures in the Context of Ukraine’s Future Membership in the EU

In recent decades, humanity has had a significant negative impact on the environment. This problem can be solved only by establishing a rational environmental management policy and ensuring an effective financial policy in the context of balancing emissions and expenditures on environmental protection measures. The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of financing environmental protection measures by determining the dependence of pollutant emissions on environmental protection expenditures in Ukraine and the European Union. The following methods were used for the study: analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, specification, and statistical and graphical methods. The statistical information was systematized on the basis of open data from the Open Budget web portal, the State Statistics Service, and Eurostat. This study identified the dynamics of revenues from environmental taxes in Ukraine; taxes on air emissions prevail. Most of the expenditures are made from the state budget. According to the functional classification, environmental expenditures are mainly aimed at preventing and eliminating environmental pollution. The dynamics of capital investments in environmental protection were also studied. To assess the effectiveness of the state policy in the field of environmental protection, we analyzed the dependence of pollutant emissions in Ukraine, Poland, and Romania on the amount of environmental expenditures and investments in this area and revenues from environmental tax. In Ukraine, the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere depends mostly on investments in this area; in Poland—on revenues from environmental taxes; and in Romania—on expenditures on environmental protection. It has been established that the obtained models are adequate and can be used to build future forecasts of pollutant emissions. Directions for the development of financial and environmental policy are proposed. Post-war restoration of the environmental situation should be carried out on the basis of sustainable development, focusing on the European Green Deal A triple-task approach should be implemented, including environmental restoration, the minimization of negative climate change and balanced use of resources, and the expansion of powers of the relevant ministry with a focus on the strategic goals of the state policy. It is necessary to develop methodological recommendations according to international standards to assess the real state of the environment.

Enhance carbon emission prediction using bidirectional long short-term memory model based on text-based and data-driven multimodal information fusion

Accurate projections of carbon emissions are essential for climate change responses and environmental policy development. However, the complexity of carbon emission projections has increased due to various factors like technology and policy, posing challenges for accuracy. Many studies rely on time-series data alone, overlooking the combined impact of multiple information sources on carbon emissions. To overcome these bottlenecks, a hybrid model is proposed, integrating multimodal data, convolutional neural network inceptionv2 (CNN-inceptionv2), text convolutional neural network (TextCNN) optimized by attention mechanism, and bi-directional long and short-term memory (BiLSTM). Firstly, the time series feature set and text feature set are extracted using the CNN-inceptionv2 and the TextCNN, respectively. Subsequently, the feature sets of the two modal information are fused and outputted into a multimodal feature set, which are ultimately predicted using BiLSTM. The validity of the study model was also verified by different methods such as ablation experiments, single model and combined model. The coefficient of determination (R2) values were 0.986 for the validation set and 0.933 for the prediction set. In comparison to other models, the present model showed an average improvement of 16.6% in R2 values, fully indicating its superior predictive performance. The high point and interval predictions of carbon emissions further verified the superior prediction accuracy of the present model. The present model can accurately predict carbon emissions, providing data references for carbon emission decision makers. Additionally, it further enriches the methodological system of carbon emission prediction and aids in strategic planning for future carbon emission and energy management.