Environmental Materials Research Articles

Teacher Well-Being: the Teachers Perspective in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

The role of a teacher is vital to creating an effective and efficient educational process. Not everyone can become a teacher or lecturer because they are considered a profession that demands professionalism. Nonetheless, the role of a teacher in the educational process is not commensurate with the welfare conditions felt by the teachers; the workload is quite heavy, with emotional demands causing negative suggestions for teachers regarding their work. It is appropriate for policymakers related to the world of education to pay more attention to the construct of well-being in teachers. The aim of this research, thus, is to discover teachers' perspectives on teacher well-being that they experience while being teachers, starting from two attitudes in implementing teacher well-being (affective and cognitive), as well as what factors make them persist as teachers. This research used qualitative methods. The informants involved in this research were five teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Based on the data collection method, a triangulation test of sources, techniques, and time was carried out to test the validity of the data. This research revealed six aspects of teacher well-being, encompassing positive relationships with other people, autonomy, personal growth, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and purpose in life. Family support and a positive view of the teaching profession are essential to improving teachers' well-being.

AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO DAILY MEMORY LAPSES IMPACT PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN MIDUS

Abstract Daily experiences have broad and far-reaching impacts on physical and mental health. Past work has linked micro-level experiences (e.g., daily stress) to macro-level processes (e.g., anxiety and depression; Charles et al., 2013) with a goal of understanding how day-to-day experiences influence development of physiological and psychological pathology. One mechanistic pathway for the link between daily experiences and longer-term outcomes are affective responses. This study extends previous work by examining mediation effects of positive and negative affect to a common daily experience: daily memory lapses on psychological well-being in a national sample of participants (N = 2,018; 56.6% Women, Mage = 56.92, SD = 13.37) from the MIDUS Refresher (2011-2014) and the MIDUS-3 (2013-2019). Each day participants reported on positive and negative affect and memory lapses. At the start of each wave, a comprehensive well-being assessment included different facets of psychological well-being (e.g., autonomy, environmental mastery). Daily memory lapses were significantly associated with increased negative affect and decreased positive affect on that same day. As expected, positive affect was associated with greater psychological well-being, while negative affect was associated with an inverse relationship. Importantly, significant indirect (mediation) effects were obtained for all models. This suggests that daily memory lapses have an impact on psychological well-being through their impacts on daily affect. This work provides increased evidence for the importance of emotional responses to daily stressors (such as memory lapses) being a determinate of distal health-related outcomes.

To perform or not to perform, that is the question: Drama activities and psychological wellbeing in adolescence

There is a substantial body of evidence on how important it is for adolescents’ wellbeing to engage in meaningful activities such as drama classes. The aim of this study is to assess whether the wellbeing and self-concept of young people who choose to take part in drama activities are significantly different from those adolescents who do not. A group of 198 subjects between the ages of 14 and 20 years participated in the study. The results showed some significant differences in certain wellbeing components – environmental mastery and personal growth – in favour of drama students. One of the most relevant results was the finding of important gender differences in the impact of drama experience on adolescents’ psychological wellbeing and self-concept. Drama girls showed higher levels of self-acceptance, environmental mastery and global wellbeing than non-drama girls. The study also revealed better academic, social and physical self-concepts. These results are discussed in terms of their educational implications in adolescence.

Eksplorasi Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Pasien Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI)

Abstract Background : Brachial plexus injury is an injury to the C1-T1 nerve that most commonly occurs in men of reproductive age. This injury can cause motor and mental disability because it requires more than one surgery with a long recovery time. However, existing rehabilitative services focus more on restoring motor skills or functional abilities and less on evaluating psychological conditions, coping and quality of life. Objectives:The purpose of this study is to determine how the condition of psychological well-being and how BPI patients manage or maintain their psychological well-being. Methods:The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The number of participants was 6 patients from Soeharso Orthopedic Hospital, Surakarta who were selected through purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by in-depth interviews, then analyzed by content analysis. Results:The results showed that all BPI respondents experienced changes in the dimensions of psychological well-being. Conclusions:The dimensions that have experienced the most changes are self-acceptance, positive relations with others, purpose in life and environmental mastery. In addition, respondents also felt a change in subjective well-being. Adaptive strategies and emotional focused coping are most often used by respondents to maintain psychological well-being and adapt to life changes. By exploring this aspect, it can be taken into consideration in determining intervention that supports patient's independence. Keywords: Psychological well-being, Quality of life, Brachialis Plexus Injury

P35: Relationship between Psychological Capital, Well-Being & Mental Health of Middle- aged & Older University Staff

Objective:People are staying in the workforce longer with the employment rates of older adults rising considerably over the years. Particularly, the higher education sector is known to have an aging workforce where a large proportion of staff is older than 55 years. Psychological capital, which refers to an individual’s positive psychological state of development, includes four core dimensions: self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. Understanding of the impact of psychological capital on wellbeing and mental health of working middle-aged to older adults is limited. This paper will present the survey outcomes on psychological capital, wellbeing and mental health of middle-aged and older university staff.Methods:Data were collected using established Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and Positive Mental Health (PMH) tool.Results:The mean age of 29 survey respondents was 55.37 years (SD=4.26) with the majority being female (27; 90%) and, on average, worked at the university for 8.35 years (SD=5.92). Total mean scores for PsyCap, PWBS and PMH were 111.77 (SD=16.15); 231.37 (SD=36.15); and 31.43 (SD=4.58) respectively. PsyCap was moderately correlated with PMH (r=.546) and PWBS (r=.481) as well as PWBS subscales on positive relationships (r=.483), self-acceptance (r=.450) and environmental mastery (r=.558).Conclusion:While limited by the small sample size, this study provides preliminary evidence that psychological capital can potentially positively influence well-being and mental health and that program focusing on improving psychological capital can be considered to improve well-being and mental health of middle-aged and older staff working in the higher education sector.

Teenagers’ Well-Being through Family Leisure Activities

The rise in mental health issues and suicide rates among adolescents in Indonesia emphasizes the significance of prioritizing adolescent mental health. One key contributor to mental health issues and suicide among adolescents is the family unit. The psychological well-being of adolescents is linked to the dynamics of dual-earner families. The study seeks the correlation between family engagement in leisure activities and adolescents' psychological well-being from dual-income households in Indonesia. The research method employed is correlational. The study cohort comprises 173 adolescents from dual-income households selected through accidental sampling. Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (RPWBS) measured family participation in leisure activities and subsequent psychological well-being. The results of the Spearman-rank correlation test revealed a significant positive association between family engagement in leisure activities and psychological well-being dimensions such as autonomy, environmental mastery, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance (rs= 0.237-0.294, p< 0.01). The results also showed no correlation between family involvement in leisure activities and personal growth (rs= 0.880, p= 0.295). Therefore, increased family involvement in leisure time corresponds to enhanced psychological well-being for adolescents in dual-earner families. Parents who work should organize routine activities and leisure time with their teenagers, which promote self-expression, values transfer, and improved family members’ psychological well-being.

Transition from Paediatric to adult health services: Aspirations and practices of human flourishing

ABSTRACT Background Transition from paediatric to adult care is challenging for youths with a chronic condition. Most transition programmes place high value in autonomy and independence. We undertook a qualitative study to: (1) identify the needs and aspirations of youths and (2) better understand the well-being and flourishing of youths. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with youths, parents of youths and healthcare professionals recruited from four clinics. Thematic analysis focused on: (1) perceptions of transition; (2) key aspects of human flourishing during transition; and (3) salient concerns with respect to the transition and dimensions of human flourishing. Results 54 interviews were conducted. Perceptions of transition clustered around: (1) apprehension about adult care; (2) lack of clarity about the transition process; (3) emotional attachment to paediatric healthcare professionals; (4) the significance of the coinciding transition into adulthood. Fourteen salient concerns (e.g., Knowledge and information about the transition, Parental involvement in healthcare) were identified with corresponding recommendations. Salient concerns related to important dimensions of human flourishing (e.g., environmental mastery, autonomy). Discussion and conclusion The flourishing of youths is affected by suboptimal transition practices. We discuss the implications of our findings for environmental mastery, contextual autonomy, and the holistic and humanistic aspects of transition.

Psychological Well-Being Ditinjau dari Dukungan Sosial Pada Remaja di Pinggir Rel Kelurahan Tanjung Gusta Medan

Psychological well-being is a condition in which one feels psychologically well, by being able to seize self-acceptance, mastery of environment, appreciation and positive meaning of life. One’s psychological well-being degree, focusing on adolescents, can be affected due to several factors, one of which is social supports they received. This study aimed to discover the relationship between social support and psychological well-being of adolescents. Correlational quantitative was used in this study, with sampled by purposive technique, namely adolescents living at railroad tracks at Tanjung Gusta Medan with age range between 13 to 18 years. Data collection tool is used by including both psychological well-being and social support scale which were arranged in the form of Likert scale. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation, using SPSS software version 26.0 for windows. The results of this study showed an effective contribution at 54,7 percent and correlation coefficient of 0.739. In another word, both variables are positively related. High social support will increase the one’s psychological well-being degree, whereas low social support will hinder their psychological well-being degree.

College students with high abilities in liberal arts disciplines: Examining the effect of spirituality in bolstering self-regulated learning, affect balance, peer relationships, and well-being

ABSTRACT This article reports a study on the impact of online spiritual lessons in improving self-regulation, emotion regulation, affect balance, peer relations, and well-being of high-ability college students of liberal arts disciplines. Compared to an online workshop on affect management, the online spiritual lessons were effective. Moderate effects were observed on the cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression facets of emotion regulation andautonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life, and self-acceptance subscales of well-being. Fairly high effects were observed on peer relations, self-regulation, affect balance, and general/overall well-being outcomes. Gender, economic class, study subject, primary caregivers, living arrangements, attending extra lessons/having club memberships for advanced studies, and intervention compliance were significant predictors of intervention impact. Latent class analyses revealed eight classes/subgroups of participants reporting maximum posttest (T2) gains: male students, middle class, students of mathematics, literature, philosophy, who were attending extra lessons/having club memberships for advanced studies, who attended above threshold (51–90 or > 56%) online spiritual lessons, and who did above threshold homework lessons. Male students and those with high intervention compliance reported gains on all outcomes. Online spiritual lessons can be incorporated into socio-emotional leaning for high-ability collegians.

Analysis of Psychological Well-Being from a Compositional Data Analysis Perspective: A New Approach.

Well-being is a widely studied construct in psychology. In 1989, Carol Ryff proposed the "Scale of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB)", which has been validated in multiple languages. The instrument assesses six dimensions of psychological well-being: Self-acceptance, Positive Relationships with Others, Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Purpose in Life, and Personal Growth. In this article, we propose to enrich the traditional approach of directly interpreting the raw scores in each dimension by incorporating Compositional Data Analysis. This new approach aims to identify "what proportion" of each dimension constitutes well-being, which will allow us to analyze the interactions between the different dimensions of well-being and balance among them. To achieve this, we introduce two position ratios (PR1 and PR2) and a general adjustment indicator called the General Indicator of Subjective Psychological Well-Being (GISPW), which characterizes individuals in a compositional manner, providing a fresh perspective in the interpretation of psychological test results, specifically those related to PWB. The proposal is illustrated with three cases taken from a study involving 628 university students who completed the psychological well-being scale questionnaire. The results show that the GISPW, PR1, and PR2 obtained offer relevant information about the overall balance of each case in the different dimensions.

Feasibility of the geriatric assessment in older caregivers of older adults with cancer to guide supportive care.

224 Background: Older caregivers of older patients with cancer are at high risk for adverse physical and psychological outcomes. Performing a caregiver geriatric assessment (GA) may help identify caregivers at increased risk of adverse outcomes and guide supportive care strategies. In this study, we aimed to determine the feasibility of a GA to evaluate age-related conditions, and physical and emotional health of both patients and caregivers. Methods: Caregivers aged 65+ and patients aged 65+ with diagnosis of cancer receiving a new line of cancer treatment and caregivers aged 65+ were recruited (Goal 60 dyads; current N=40). Patient and caregiver physical and emotional health was captured using the GA which included assessment of physical function (activities of daily living [ADLs], instrumental activities of daily living [IADLs], Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], fall history), comorbidity, psychological health (Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS], General Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]), cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MOCA] or Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration [BOMC]), Social Support (Older Americans Resources and Services [OARS] Social Support), polypharmacy, nutrition, caregiver Environmental Mastery, and Modified Caregiver Strain Index. Results: Of 40 dyads who have consented, 17 dyads (42%) completed the GA, 14 dyad GAs are pending (35%), eight have withdrawn (20%), and one was lost to follow-up (2.5%). Mean time for caregivers to complete self-reported GA assessment was 47 minutes (range 20-120 minutes) and return to study staff was 5 days (range 0-22 days). Caregivers had mean age 78 years (range 65-85), 100% white, 94% female, and 94% spouses. Caregivers had high prevalence of age-related conditions, including comorbidities (mean 3.7), impairments in ADLs (24%), IADLs (31%), and physical function (55%). More patients than caregivers screened positive for depression (29% vs 12%) and anxiety (17% vs 6%). Caregivers reported high mastery (Ryff subscale, mean 38, range 26-49) and low strain (4.4, range 0-16). Conclusions: The GA is feasible to use in older cancer caregivers to help identify aging related conditions that may influence caregiving ability. Future work should identify how GA in older cancer caregivers can be used to identify intervention strategies to optimize caregiving abilities and improve outcomes in both older adults with cancer and their caregivers. Clinical trial information: NCT05244915 .[Table: see text]

The Psychological Wellbeing among the Adults Raised in Children’s Homes in Kenya

The institutionalisation of children has been seen to increase the risk for emotional, developmental, cognitive and attachment disorders later in life. Transitioning out of institutionalised care and integrating into the outside world has been found to be a difficult experience for many care leavers. Some of them are not prepared to face the outside world, feel neglected and lack a support system. Some may experience socio-emotional distress owing to a lack of necessary social skills in life outside the institutions. The study purposed to assess the psychological wellbeing of adults who were raised in children’s homes and other institutional care in Kenya and had since transitioned out. The descriptive survey design was employed to undertake the quantitative data with a census approach used to sample 294 (F =154, M =140) respondents. Ryff’s scale of psychological wellbeing was the adapted research tool for data collection. The study results revealed that environmental mastery (M =23.46, SD = 7.47) was the highest-scored domain of psychological wellbeing. This was followed by personal growth (M = 23.14; SD = 7.52) and then purpose to life (M =20.74, SD = 6.58). The study had a mean of 21.31 (SD = 7.15), interpreted as being moderate psychological wellbeing among the care leavers. Based on the findings, organisations that support care leavers ought to create awareness and offer psychological support to care leavers. They can also collaborate with children’s homes and other stakeholders to offer periodic training on promoting psychological wellbeing among children in care and care leavers. This is especially so in regard to the poorly scored domains such as personal growth, autonomy, and self-acceptance

Assessment of Psychological Well-Being among Relatives of Patients Diagnosed with Psychotic Disorders in Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals in South-West Nigeria

Background: Psychotic disorder contributes to the mental health global burden. Having a family member suffering from the illness may result in a caregiver's psychological well-being depletion, increased burden of care and low quality of life. The study assessed the psychological well-being and the militating stressors against the relatives of patients diagnosed with psychotic disorder psychological well-being in Neuro–a psychiatric hospital in South-west Nigeria.
 Method: The research used a qualitative design to assess the psychological well-being of relatives, militating stressors against their psychological well-being and coping strategies adopted. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling technique to select forty-four (44) participants and one-on-one interviews using semi–structured interviews done. The data were collected by interview and using a recorder and the same was transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
 Result: The results generated were categorized into themes and subthemes which included: lack of autonomy, acceptance of the situation, insecure relationships with families and friends, poor environmental mastery, and impact on physical and psychological well-being while the sub-themes included: uneasy decision, maladaptive coping, stigmatization, unsupportive family and friends, financial burden, and reduced quality of life.
 Conclusion: The study suggests that nurses and other health professionals aid relatives in improving their coping skills, sensitization of the populace on mental disorders and provision of adequate information in the form of educational intervention may enhance their psychological well-being.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF DISABILITY EMPLOYMENTS

There are 22.5 people with disabilities in Indonesia, but in 2021 the number of people with disabilities who are in employment will be 5.37% or 7.04 million people of the total number of workers in Indonesia. Employees with disabilities have different characteristics from employees in general. Psychological well-being for employees is a view of support received, accessibility and equality in work environment, social support from colleagues, as well as better opportunities for self-development. There were 81 participants in this study. The criteria for participation were employees with disabilities, employees working at PT. X, employees with at least SLB/SMK/SMA/equivalent education and employees who had worked at the company for at least one year. The measurement instrument used in this study is psychological well-being scale (PWBS), which is based on Ryff's dimensions of psychological well-being. It has a total of 45 statement items. The results of the normality test show that the research data have a normal distribution. The research result shows a high level of psychological well-being (M=4.03) with dimensions of variable autonomy (M=3.87), environmental mastery (M=3.95), personal growth (M=4.10), positive relationship with others (M=4.07), life purpose (M=4.06) and self-acceptance (M=4.06). This research found no differences in psychological well-being based on gender, age, tenure and disability categories, but significant differences based on education level, employment status and marital status using the independent samples t-test dan ANOVA.

The role of service quality in achieving sustainable development goal 3: shaping students' psychological well-being in an Egyptian higher education context

Purpose This study aims at exploring the role of higher education service quality in affecting students' psychological well-being through the lens of the sustainable development goals. This purpose is achieved through investigating the effects of functional and technical service quality dimensions on six psychological well-being dimensions, namely, environmental mastery, autonomy, self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, personal growth and purpose in life.Design/methodology/approach Using a survey, data were collected from 453 Egyptian students. The hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 4. The study's limitations are the inability to use probability sampling techniques and length of the survey that led to low response rates.Findings The results show that functional service quality is positively associated with students' autonomy, positive relationships with others and self-acceptance, while functional service was found insignificant in affecting environmental mastery or self-acceptance. Further, positive results are found in the relationship between technical service quality and students' environmental mastery and self-acceptance. On the other hand, a negative relationship is detected between technical service quality and students' personal growth. Lastly, technical service quality is found to be insignificant in affecting students' autonomy or personal relationships with others.Originality/value This study responds to calls for more studies investigating how service quality can shape and affect customer well-being. Furthermore, this is the first study to investigate the different roles played by functional and technical service quality in affecting six psychological well-being dimensions of higher education students. Drawing on a sample of 453 Egyptian students, this study provides a novel contribution about the Egyptian higher education context, which is both understudied in the service literature and the well-being literature.

The 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's psychological wellbeing scale: psychometric properties based on classical test theory and item response theory.

Psychological wellbeing is conceptualized as the full engagement and optimal performance in existential challenges of life. Our understanding of psychological wellbeing is important for us humans to survive, adapt, and thrive during the challenges of the 21st century. Hence, the measurement of psychological wellbeing is one cornerstone for the identification and treatment of both mental illness and health promotion. In this context, Ryff operationalized psychological wellbeing as a six-dimensional model of human characteristics: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth, autonomy, and purpose in life. Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale has been developed and translated into different versions. Here, we examine and describe the psychometric properties of the 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale using both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The data used in the present study was earlier published elsewhere and consists of 768 participants (279 women and 489 men). In addition to the 18-item version of the scale, participants answered the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and the Background and Health Questionnaire. We examined, the 18-item version's factor structure using different models and its relationship with subjective wellbeing, sociodemographic factors (e.g., education level, gender, age), lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking, frequency of doing exercise, and exercise intensity), and health issues (i.e., pain and sleeping problems). We also analyzed measurement invariance with regard to gender. Moreover, as an addition to the existing literature, we analyzed the properties of the 18 items using Graded Response Model (GRM). Although the original six-factor structure showed a good fit, both CTT and IRT indicated that a five-factor model, without the purpose in life subscale, provided a better fit. The results supported the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the 18-item Swedish version. Moreover, invariance testing showed similar measurement precision by the scale across gender. Finally, we found several items, especially the purpose in life's item "I live life one day at a time and do not really think about the future," that might need revision or modification in order to improve measurement. A five-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of psychological wellbeing in the general Swedish population. With some modifications, the scale might achieve enough accuracy to measure the more appropriate and correct six-dimensional theoretical framework as detailed by Ryff. Fortunately, Ryff's original version contains 20 items per subscale and should therefore act as a perfect pool of items in this endeavor.

Psychological Well-being and Organizational Commitment of Teachers in Relation to Performance

This study explored the extent of the relationship between psychological well-being and organizational commitment and teachers' performance in a local college. The research employed a descriptive correlation design. Using the purposive sampling technique, the data were taken from teachers through Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale (1989), Meyer and Allen’s (1990) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), and the results of the Teacher Evaluation Questionnaire answered by the students last second semester of AY 2018-2019. The researcher analyzed the data using mean, Sign test for K Independent Samples, Kruskal Wallis H-test, and Chi-Square test. The findings revealed that there is no significant difference in the psychological well-being and organization commitment of teachers when grouped according to their profile. The result showed that teachers’ psychological well-being has a fair level of Autonomy, Environmental mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relations with Others, Purpose in Life, and Self-acceptance. Among the six dimensions, Autonomy has the highest mean while Personal Growth has the lowest. Regarding their organizational commitment, the respondents have high levels of affective normative, and moderate normative organizational commitment. The findings also revealed evidence of a relationship between teachers’ psychological well-being and their organizational commitment. However, there is no significant relationship between their performance, psychological well-being, and organizational commitment. Keywords: college teaching, local college, psychological well-being, organizational commitment, teacher performance

The effectiveness of life skills training on the psychological well-being of people with drug abuse

Introduction: Drug abuse is one of the most important health, social and economic problems in many countries, and the world has faced shocking statistics of its prevalence in society in the last three decades. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life skills training on the psychological well-being of drug abusers. Method: The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all drug abusers in addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah during the years 2017 to 2019. From these people, 60 people were selected as available sampling and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups (30 people in each group). The research tools included Rif Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989) and 8-session life skills training intervention by Khalilan and Aflakifar (2016). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 software and multivariate covariance analysis. Results: The findings showed that life skills training had a significant effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). Based on the results for the six dimensions of mental well-being, i.e. independence, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive relationship with others, purposefulness in life and self-acceptance, respectively 0.24, 0.30, 0.31, 0.49, 0.67 and 0.39 in the average difference of the groups was due to the effect of the intervention. Conclusion: Life skills training increases self-control and decreases positive attitude towards drug use in people. By learning life skills training, environmental mastery, independence and other psychological well-being structures can be promoted in people.

Mapping the Path to Cognitive Balance: Applying the States of Mind Model and Network Analysis to Eating Disorder Patients.

Background: In eating disorders (EDs), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) represents one of the first-line treatment options albeit with sub-optimal results. The assessment of cognitive balance through an index measuring increased adaptive thinking and reduced maladaptive thinking, the desired outcomes, and the ultimate goal of CBT treatments warrants attention. The states of mind model (SOM) provides a framework through which a cognitive balance index can be defined. The current cross-sectional controlled study tested the clinical utility of the SOM model in a sample of ED outpatients. Methods: ED outpatients (n = 199) were assessed at baseline with the attitudes and beliefs scale-2 (ABS-2) for rational beliefs (RBs) and irrational beliefs (IBs), from which a SOM ratio score index (RBs/(RBs + IBs)) was calculated, the eating disorder inventory-3 (EDI-3) for ED symptoms and ED-related psychopathological features, the psychological well-being scales (PWB) for positive psychological functioning. A matched control sample (n = 95) was also assessed with the ABS-2. Results: ED patients exhibited significantly lower SOM and RB scores compared to controls. Network analysis results highlighted the centrality of the SOM-cognitive balance index, PWB-self-acceptance, and EDI-3-general psychological maladjustment, as well as the importance of the influence that cognitive balance and general psychological maladjustment exert on each other. Conclusions: The findings support the clinical utility of the SOM ratio applied to cognitions in EDs. This demonstrates its ability to differentiate such patients from controls and in capturing worse ED-related general psychopathology as well as compromised aspects of psychological well-being, in particular self-acceptance and environmental mastery. It thus might be considered in CBT treatment of EDs a potential cognitive clinimetric and clinical index of ED severity indicating key difficulties in counteracting maladaptive thinking with adaptive thinking.

Social Support, Religiosity, Wisdom and Well-Being Among Older Adults in Indonesia.

As the population ages, it is critical to understand the elements that contribute to the well-being of older individuals. Prior research suggests that a better sense of mastery and purpose in life may explain at least some of the beneficial link between wisdom, religion, and subjective well-being. This current study seeks to identify a model of older persons' psychological well-being formation in a religious group. Whether psychosocial strengths such as religiosity, social support, and wisdom are directly related to psychological well-being. Self-acceptance, autonomy, positive interpersonal relationships, environmental mastery, personal growth, and a sense of life purpose are all components of psychological well-being. This cross-sectional study included 261 participants, 42 men and 219 women aged 60 and up with normal cognitive, hearing, and/or speech functions. Participants lived in The boarding house in South Tapanuli-North Sumatra, Indonesia, for over 6 months. A backward translated Likert scales is used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results indicate that social support and religiosity have an effect on psychological well-being through wisdom as a mediator. These findings emphasize the relevance of internal strengths for psychological well-being and give credence to the mediated path model's applicability to older adult communities in Indonesia.