Environmental Impact Research Articles

Climate Change, Kidney Health, and Environmentally Sustainable Kidney Care.

Given the threat of climate change to kidney health and the significant environmental impact of kidney care, calls are increasing for healthcare professionals and organizations to champion climate advocacy and environmentally sustainable kidney care. Yet, little is known about their engagement and existing literature is primarily emerging from high-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare professionals on the interconnectedness of climate change and kidney health; to identify personal and organizational initiatives in sustainable kidney care and strategies to increase their engagement; and to compare responses by their country's income level as classified by the World Bank. Participants (n=972) represented 108 countries with 64% from lower- or middle-income countries. Ninety-eight percent believed that climate change is happening, yet <50% possessed knowledge about the impact of climate change on kidney health or the environmental impact of kidney care. Only 14% were involved in climate change and kidney health initiatives (membership, knowledge/awareness, research, advocacy); 22% in sustainable kidney care initiatives (education/advocacy, preventative nephrology, sustainable dialysis, promoting transplant/home therapies, research); and 26% reported organizational initiatives in sustainable kidney care (sustainable general or dialysis practices, preventative/lean nephrology, focused committees). Participants from lower-income countries generally reported higher knowledge and variable level of concern. Engagement in sustainable kidney care did not vary by income level. Guidance/toolkit (79%), continuing education (75%) and opportunities (74%) were the top choices to increase engagement. National initiatives (47%), preventative measures (35%) and research endeavors (31%) were the top avenues for organizational engagement. These varied by income level suggesting that the vision and priorities vary by baseline resource setting. We have identified knowledge and practice gaps among healthcare professionals on the bidirectional relationship between kidney disease and climate change in a multinational context and several avenues to increase their engagement.

Bio-based ionic liquid as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 5% HCl solution: Experimental and theoretical investigation

In pickling conditions, corrosion inhibitors are commonly used to mitigate the corrosive effects of the acidic environment on metal surfaces. Green corrosion inhibitors are substances that provide corrosion protection while being environmentally friendly, often derived from renewable resources or having minimal environmental impact. Ionic liquids are a class of green corrosion inhibitors that have gained attention for their potential in corrosion protection due to their unique properties. In this study, we synthesized a bio-based choline hexanoate ionic liquid (referred to as ChH) and used FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy to elucidate its structure. Further the effectiveness of ChH IL was examined in preventing MS corrosion in 5% HCl at 20–80 °C. The corrosion behavior of MS was examined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and EIS measurements. Increasing inhibitor concentration and temperatures improved the inhibition performance. The highest efficiency i.e., 98.16% was observed at 3.3 × 10−3 M of ChH at 60 °C. To verify the adsorption of ChH on the MS further investigations were done using FT-IR, Raman, and XPS analysis.

The Galaxy platform for accessible, reproducible, and collaborative data analyses: 2024 update.

Galaxy (https://galaxyproject.org) is deployed globally, predominantly through free-to-use services, supporting user-driven research that broadens in scope each year. Users are attracted to public Galaxy services by platform stability, tool and reference dataset diversity, training, supportand integration, which enables complex, reproducible, shareable data analysis. Applying the principles of user experience design (UXD), has driven improvements in accessibility, tool discoverability through Galaxy Labs/subdomains, and a redesigned Galaxy ToolShed. Galaxy tool capabilities are progressing in two strategic directions: integrating general purpose graphical processing units (GPGPU) access for cutting-edge methods, and licensed tool support. Engagement with global research consortia is being increased by developing more workflows in Galaxy and by resourcing the public Galaxy services to run them. The Galaxy Training Network (GTN) portfolio has grown in both size, and accessibility, through learning paths and direct integration with Galaxy tools that feature in training courses. Code development continues in line with the Galaxy Project roadmap, with improvements to job scheduling and the user interface. Environmental impact assessment is also helping engage users and developers, reminding them of their role in sustainability, by displaying estimated CO2 emissions generated by each Galaxy job.

Environmental impact of the diet of young Portuguese and its relationship with adherence to the Mediterranean Diet.

To estimate, in a cohort of young Portuguese adults, the environmental impact (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) of diet according to adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Data from 1554 participants of the Epidemiologic Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto (EPITeen) were analysed. Food intake and MD adherence were determined using validated questionnaires. The environmental impact was evaluated with the EAT-Lancet Commission tables, and the link between MD adherence and environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models. Higher adherence (high vs. low) to the MD was associated with lower environmental impact in terms of land use (7.8 vs. 8.5 m2, p = 0.002), potential acidification (57.8 vs. 62.4g SO2-eq, p = 0.001) and eutrophication (21.7 vs. 23.5g PO4-eq, p < 0.001). Energy use decreased only in the calorie-adjusted model (9689.5 vs. 10,265.9kJ, p < 0.001), and GHG emissions were reduced only in a complementary model where fish consumption was eliminated (3035.3 vs. 3281.2g CO2-eq, p < 0.001). Meat products had the greatest environmental impact for all five environmental factors analysed: 35.7% in GHG emissions, 60.9% in energy use, 72.8% in land use, 70% in acidification and 61.8% in eutrophication. Higher adherence to the MD is associated with lower environmental impact, particularly in terms of acidification, eutrophication, and land use. Reducing meat consumption can contribute to greater environmental sustainability.

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO DESIGN FUTURE CROPS: GATEWAY TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN 21ST CENTURY

The global food production system is facing numerous challenges due to factors such as population growth, climate change, limited resources, and environmental preservation. To address these challenges, various strategies can be employed to develop future crops that are more productive, nutritious, and resilient. One strategy is to improve the yield potential of existing crops by developing new high-yielding cultivars. This can be achieved through the development of new varieties that can produce more grain under optimal conditions. Additionally, improving the nutritional quality of crops is important to address nutrient deficiencies. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering methods can be used to develop crops with enhanced nutritional value. Efficient utilization of agricultural resources is another important aspect of crop improvement. This includes developing crops that use water and nutrients more efficiently, reducing the need for irrigation and fertilizers, and minimizing environmental impacts. Increasing the resistance of crops to pests, diseases, and extreme weather events can also help reduce the use of pesticides and minimize crop losses. The domestication of wild or semi-wild plants through genetic manipulation offers new opportunities for crop design. These plants may have high nutritional value, stress tolerance, and specialized metabolites that can be incorporated into cultivated crops. Similarly, the domestication of orphan or neglected plants can contribute to crop improvement by incorporating unique traits. Genetic improvement through the transfer of genes from wild relatives or other species can also enhance crop productivity. Advancements in genomics and genetic technologies can aid in the identification and transfer of beneficial alleles. Agronomic improvements, such as maximizing the effectiveness of crop protection agents and fertilizers while minimizing their environmental impact, can also contribute to crop performance. The emerging field of synthetic biology offers opportunities for developing novel biological devices and systems that can further enhance crop productivity and resilience. Overall, these strategies can help address the challenges faced by the global food production system.

Assessment of Ecofriendly Zeotropic Working Fluids in Organic Rankine Cycle for Renewable Energy Harvesting

The shift toward renewable energy has drawn significant attention to zeotropic mixtures in the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). However, synthetic zeotropic mixtures are detrimental to the environment due to high global warming potential. In this context, this study explores the potential of natural zeotropic binary mixtures as an alternative to synthetic zeotropic mixtures in a transcritical ORC system. The performance of two natural zeotropic mixtures and three synthetic zeotropic mixtures (hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins) are analyzed and compared using turbine inlet pressure and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration as objective functions. The comprehensive thermodynamic analysis focuses on energy (first‐law) and exergy (second‐law) efficiencies, heat transfer, environmental performance, and economic aspects. The thermal and exergy efficiencies of the natural zeotropic mixture consistently outperform other mixtures by a maximum of 8% and 18%, respectively, for the conditions studied. The net power‐to‐environmental impact ratio of natural zeotropic mixture outweighs other zeotropic mixtures by more than 50%. The heat transfer analysis also favors natural zeotropic mixture at CO2 concentrations below 60% while maintaining cost parity with synthetic zeotropic mixtures. The results emphasize a holistic approach involving performance, heat transfer, environmental impact, and cost as parameters while choosing zeotropic mixtures for sustainable energy harvesting.

Autonomous Trash Tracking System

Our revolutionary waste management project introduces a comprehensive solution leveraging cutting-edge technology to transform traditional waste disposal systems. By integrating a smart mobile application and sensor-equipped trash cans, our initiative aims to streamline the waste disposal process, addressing challenges such as timing issues, accessibility concerns, and data management inefficiencies. The mobile app empowers users with real-time information on bin availability, optimal disposal times, and recycling practices, fostering a sense of responsibility and environmental sustainability among communities. Sensor-equipped trash cans strategically placed in public spaces communicate with the mobile app and municipal waste management systems via the Internet of Things (IoT), providing accurate, up-to-date data on bin statuses. This data-driven approach allows for dynamic optimization of waste collection routes, minimizing operational costs and environmental impact. Furthermore, municipalities can utilize real-time data insights to allocate resources efficiently, schedule maintenance based on usage patterns, and implement targeted educational campaigns. Overall, our technology-driven solution not only enhances efficiency in waste management but also contributes to reducing environmental pollution and promoting sustainable waste disposal practices. Keywords—Smart dustbins, proximity sensors, moisture sensors, App development, software and hardware integration

FULLY AUTOMATED SOLAR GRASS CUTTER

In present world grass cutter machines are becoming very popular . Rapid growth of different high-tech tools and equipment makes our jobs much easier . Nowadays we are facing issues of pollution and power failures in our daily life . As we know pollution is manmade, so there are solutions for this problems too .Earlier grass cutters contains IC engine and hence because of its environmental impact, pollution level rises .IC engines are costly and hence the grass cutter is also costly.This was one of the main disadvantage of old model grass cutters. Maintenance cost of this conventional machine is also high.In order to overcome these drawbacks , we have thought about the device, which performs its functions without causing such problems.The project aims at implementing a grass cutting machine system which runs on solar energy .This model is economical compared to the previous one .Solar power doesn’t release any green house gases.Hence it is safe and environmentally friendly. Also use of solar power reduces use of electricity .General principle of mowing were used in the designinig and developing of solar powered grass cutter .The designing of the project consists of solar panel,DC motor,motor driver,arduinoUNO,cutting blade,ultrasonic sensor.Arduino is used to control the entire system and hence the device is automated.Ultrasonic sensor is used for avoiding obstacles and the working of the same is also controlled by the microcontroller.The battery recharges by the solar charging controller and also less energy is required for cutting the grass.Hence the performance is more efficient than the conventional machine.Levelling of grasses in playgrounds,gardens etc.can be achieved by using this machine.The cutted grass left behind will also be collected along with the cutting operation by using grass collection technique.This is additionally inbuilted on the device.Since the device is fully automated no man power is needed and also skilled labourers are not neeeded to operate the device.Hence normal people can use this automated grass cutter without much efforts. Keywords-Solar,Grass cutter,Levelling,Economical,Pollution- Free

A Research Article on Sustainable Construction Material

The construction industry is facing increasing pressure to adopt sustainable practices to mitigate environmental impacts and address resource scarcity. Sustainable construction materials play a pivotal role in achieving these goals by reducing carbon emissions, minimizing waste generation, and promoting circular economy principles. This research article provides a comprehensive review of advancements in sustainable construction materials, encompassing various categories such as recycled materials, bio-based materials, and low-carbon alternatives. It explores a wide array of materials such as Human Hair fiber, bamboo, coconut fiber, and more. Each material's sustainable attributes, including recyclability, durability, energy efficiency, and reduced environmental impact, are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, the review investigates the manufacturing processes, life cycle assessment, and environmental performance of these materials. It discusses the challenges and barriers to the widespread adoption of sustainable construction materials, including cost considerations, regulatory hurdles, and technological limitations.

AUTOMATIC OPERATION OF ON-GRID SOLAR SYSTEM WITH PROTECTION SCHEME

The on-grid solar energy system is becoming a pivotal component of modern electrical grids due to its potential for sustainable energy production and reduced environmental impact. The integration of automatic operation and protection schemes is essential to ensure optimal performance, reliability, and safety of these systems. This research paper delves into the development and implementation of an automatic operation strategy for an on-grid solar system, incorporating a robust protection scheme to mitigate common operational risks. We explore various components and design considerations, detailing the control strategies employed to achieve seamless system function and high performance. A thorough analysis of the data collected from the implemented system highlights the efficacy and reliability of the proposed method. Additionally, the research compares the findings with existing studies to position the results within the broader academic dialogue. Our findings show significant improvements in both the operational efficiency and protection capabilities of the solar system, thus providing valuable insights for future advancements in renewable energy integration. The developed methodologies could lead to enhanced system durability and energy yield, thereby promoting the broader adoption of renewable energy solutions. As we mentioned in Title, we are going to make the Operation of Solar System Automatic with Protection Scheme. This is very beneficial as point of view to on-Grid Solar Systems which is a Need of Today’s World.

Integration of Chemical Looping Combustion to a Gasified Stream with Low Hydrogen Content

Global population growth requires the use of various natural resources to satisfy the basic needs of humanity. Fossil fuels are mainly used to produce electricity, transportation and the artificial air conditioning of habitats. Nevertheless, countries around the world are looking for alternative energy sources due to the decrease in the availability of these fuels and their high environmental impact. The mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (H2 + CO), commonly called syngas, is a high-value feedstock for various industrial applications. By varying the composition of syngas, especially the H2/CO molar ratio, it can be used to produce methanol, fuels or synthetic natural gas. However, when this ratio is very low, the separation of this gas usually represents a great problem when making the energy balance, which is why it is proposed to adapt a combustion process in chemical cycles, taking advantage of the energy of this gas, reducing the energy impact of the process. During the present project, mass and energy balances were developed for combustion in chemical cycles, using ilmenite as a carrier, integrating heat exchangers to take advantage of the residual energy at the output of the process, to preheat the inlet current in the regenerator. Here, a comparative was made at different temperatures of the air stream and evaluating the mechanism of the ilmenite when a syngas stream is used as fuel.

A Comprehensive Review of Plant-Based Biopolymers as Viscosity-Modifying Admixtures in Cement-Based Materials

As the construction industry is facing the challenge of meeting the ever-increasing demand for environmentally friendly and durable concrete, the role of viscosity-modifying admixtures (VMAs) has become increasingly essential to improve the rheological properties, stability, and mechanical properties of concrete. Additionally, natural polymers are ever evolving, offering multiple opportunities for innovative applications and sustainable solutions. This comprehensive review delves into the historical context and classifications of VMAs, accentuating their impact in enhancing the rheological properties, stability, and mechanical properties of concrete. Emphasis is placed on the environmental impact of synthetic VMAs, promoting the exploration of sustainable alternatives derived from plant-based biopolymers. Indeed, biopolymers, such as cellulose, starch, alginate, pectin, and carrageenan are considered in this paper, focusing on understanding their efficacy in improving concrete properties while enhancing the environmental sustainability within the concrete.

Spatial Analysis on Resource Utilization, Environmental Consequences and Sustainability of Rice–Crayfish Rotation System in Jianghan Plain, China

The rice–crayfish rotation system (RCR), originating in the Jianghan Plain, is developing rapidly in various regions of China and has been characterized by unbalanced regional development, which has also led to widespread concerns and discussion on its environmental impacts and sustainability. This study selects representative RCR production areas in the Jianghan Plain, including Jianli, Qianjiang, Shishou, Shayang, Gong’an and Honghu, to analyze resource inputs, resource utilization efficiency, environmental impacts and sustainability by employing the emergy analysis method. Our analysis of Jianli, Honghu, Qianjiang, Gong’an, Shishou and Shayang reports total emergy inputs ranging from 6.46 × 1016 to 8.25 × 1016, with renewable rates between 78.38% and 84.34%. Shishou leads in the unit emergy value (5.58 × 10−1) and the emergy yield ratio (5.30). The sustainability evaluation finds that the environmental loading ratio is from 0.19 to 0.28 and the emergy index for sustainable development varies between 1.27 and 3.00. This analysis indicates that the southern regions have higher inputs and efficiency, with southeastern areas showing lower environmental impact and higher sustainability. We also underscore the impact of non-renewable resources on environmental outcomes and sustainability, suggesting tailored development strategies for the rice–crayfish rotation system’s optimization and sustainable growth.

Changes in Land Use and Cover and Their Environmental Impacts in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil

In Brazilian regional landscapes, the Cerrado has one of the richest flora among the savannas in the world, with a high level of endemism; however, many plant species are threatened with extinction as a consequence of spatio-temporal changes in land use and cover. This study aimed to analyze changes in land use and cover in the upper course of the Ceroula stream basin, located in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, based on maps of land use and cover in 1985 and 2022, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation data, and fieldwork. The results indicated that in 1985, forest vegetation was replaced by pasture, and in 2022, in addition to pasture, there was the introduction of soybean monoculture with corn in the off-season, influenced by the international commodities market. These land use and cover alterations, without adequate management and in the absence of conservation practices, led to environmental impacts, such as accelerated linear erosive processes (rill, ravine, and gully). The results may help provide important insights into the dynamics of land use and cover, the consequences of the lack of conservation practices, and the environmental impacts in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul, contributing to better understanding of the environmental challenges faced in the region and the need to provide subsidies for the development of sustainable management strategies.

Emergence of cheese packaging by edible coatings for enhancing its shelf-life

AbstractCheese is one of the most popular and extensively consumed dairy products. It comes in a variety of flavors, textures, shapes and is prone to infection and decomposition. Edible coatings as cheese packaging serve various key functions in the preservation and enhancement of cheese quality, including increasing shelf life, retaining texture, boosting sensory qualities, and lowering plastic waste and environmental impact. In recent decades, the development of edible coatings has witnessed tremendous growth, and it is projected to have a significant impact on the quality of cheese products in the next few years. Novel edible materials and processing methods are of great interest due to their intriguing potential as revolutionary cheese packaging systems. This review summarizes recent trends in adding edible coating to increase the quality and the shelf-life of cheese, plus the functional of edible coating and their application on cheese to reduce the plastic waste and environmental impact.

A Comprehensive Review of Existing and Pending University Campus Microgrids

Over the past few decades, many universities have turned to using microgrid systems because of their dependability, security, flexibility, and less reliance on the primary grid. Microgrids on campuses face challenges in the instability of power production due to meteorological conditions, as the output of renewable sources such as solar and wind power relies entirely on the weather and determining the optimal size of microgrids. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the university campuses’ microgrids. Some renewable energy sources, such as geothermal (GE), wind turbine (WT), and photovoltaic (PV), are compared in terms of installation costs, availability, weather conditions, efficiency, environmental impact, and maintenance. Furthermore, a description of microgrid systems and their components, including distributed generation (DG), energy storage system (ESS), and microgrid load, is presented. As a result, the most common optimization models for analyzing the performance of campus microgrids are discussed. Hybrid microgrid system configurations are introduced and compared to find the optimal configuration in terms of energy production and flexibility. Therefore, configuration A (Hybrid PV- grid-connected) is the most common configuration compared to the others due to its simplicity and free-charge operation.

Conversion of Post-Refining Waste MONG to Gaseous Fuel in a Rotary Gasifier

Biodiesel manufacturing frequently employs sustainable materials like soybeans, microorganisms, palm extract, jatropha plant, and recycled frying oils. The expansion of biodiesel manufacturing has escalated the volume of waste byproducts, encompassing glycerin and non-glycerin organic matter (MONG), jointly known as raw glycerin. MONG is characterized by a low calorific value, a high autoignition temperature, and significant viscosity at room temperature. As a waste product, it negatively affects the natural environment due to the lack of viable disposal methods. Hence, there is a need for its conversion into high-calorific gaseous fuel with significantly less environmental impact. One of the methods for converting MONG into gaseous fuel is the pyrolysis process. This study describes the pyrolytic conversion of MONG conducted on a test stand consisting of a rotating chamber with a shell filled with liquid lead as a heating medium. Based on the measurements and balance calculations, the amount of heat required to preserve the autothermal process was determined. The calorific value and composition of the pyrolytic gas were measured, revealing that 70% of the gas involves compounds characterized by a high calorific value. As a result, the calorific value of dry, purified gas equals 35.07 MJ/kg. A life cycle assessment has been conducted, in order to determine if the produced gaseous fuel matches sustainable development criteria. MONG-based gas is a sustainable replacement of, e.g., natural gas, lignite, or hard coal; however, it allows us to avoid 233–416 kg/h CO2 emissions per 1 MWt of heat.

Preliminary investigation and life cycle assessment of artificial reefs with recycled brick-concrete aggregates

An economical and environment-friendly artificial reef concrete using fully recycled brick-concrete aggregate as raw material was proposed. This study investigates the mechanical properties, drying shrinkage, chloride ion penetration, and biological adaptability of the reef. A comparative analysis is conducted on the environmental impacts (EI), carbon emission impact and cost efficiency of artificial reefs, considering natural aggregate concrete and recycled brick-concrete aggregate concrete at the material level. The results indicate that the use of recycled brick-concrete aggregates can achieve service performance equivalent to that of natural aggregates. Field investigations involving samples immersed in seawater for six months reveal the positive trapping effects of recycled materials on aquatic organisms. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results reveal that achieving a 100 % replacement rate of recycled brick concrete aggregate (RBCA) creates a positive feedback loop for carbon emissions when appropriately incorporating industrial waste materials like fly ash and silica fume. In comparison to ordinary concrete, the utilization of recycled materials can significantly reduce construction costs, up to 63.7 %, thereby presenting notable economic advantages.

Sustainable CO2 Refrigeration System for Fish Cold Storage Facility Using a Renewable Integrated System with Solar, Wind and Tidal Energy for Cape Verde—Analyzing Scenarios

This study compares four feasible alternative solutions for an integrated cold storage system in the city of Tarrafal, Santiago, Cape Verde. Integrated systems using grid electricity are compared with autonomous systems generating electrical energy from renewable sources, alongside various types of refrigeration facility systems. Its objective is to assess the energy efficiency, financial feasibility, and environmental impact across four scenarios. Scenario 1 utilizes two R134a refrigeration units powered by the public grid. Scenario 2 employs a transcritical R744 (CO2) system using grid electricity. Scenario 3 incorporates R744 and autonomous renewable energy. Scenario 4 employs R744 for refrigeration with seawater heat exchange and autonomous renewable energy sources. The findings favor Scenario 4, emitting 15,882 kg CO2 eq with a 5-year return on investment. Autonomous electricity production in this scenario reduces emissions by 95%. Despite an initial cost of EUR 769,172.00, Scenario 3 demonstrates financial viability, contributing to energy sustainability. This autonomous production reduces emissions by 360,697 kg CO2 compared to conventional systems, highlighting the positive impact of local renewable energy integration.

Scrap Steel Recycling: A Carbon Emission Reduction Index for China

Accurately assessing carbon emissions from recycling scrap steel is essential for reducing emissions in the steel industry, especially in China, the world’s largest crude steel producer. In this study, a carbon emission reduction index was introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of recycling scrap steel in reducing emissions. The index considers the three processes used in scrap steel recycling: blast furnace ironmaking, converter steelmaking, and electric arc furnace steelmaking. This study developed an evaluation model using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and iterative cluster analysis to determine the reduction of carbon emission. From a life cycle perspective, this study identified primary factors contributing to emissions, including fuel, raw materials, electric energy, and auxiliary materials. Then, the carbon emission reduction index for scrap recycling was developed by examining the production of one ton of steel and each additional ton of scrap steel, which can provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of scrap recycling. Finally, the study forecasts the future Carbon Emission Reduction Index for steel scrap recycling. The study indicates an increase in the carbon emission reduction index for scrap recycling prior to 2017, followed by a decrease about 11.8% from 2017 to 2018 and increases from 2018 to 2021. Finally, it dropped by 8.7% per cent in 2022. Similarly, the carbon emission reduction index for electric furnace steelmaking increased prior to 2019, then subsequently decreased. It is changing by ten per cent a year. Additionally, the scrap recycling index experienced a significant decrease of 90% in 2015, followed by a gradual increase until 2017 and then a consistent decrease every year thereafter. The index suddenly rose in 2021 and then decreased change for policy reasons. The forecast results suggest a gradual increase in the carbon emission reduction index per ton of steel scrap in the future. In conclusion, the practicable modeling methodology has the ability to assist government organizations and private enterprises in devising efficient green and low-carbon development tactics.