Environmental Impacts Of Tourism Research Articles

Resident’s Perceptions towards the Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Environmental Impacts of Tourism: A Case Study of Nathiagali, District Abbottabad, Pakistan

The tourism industry poses both favorable and unfavorable consequences to the local communities of touristdestinations. This study aims to analyze the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism on the hostcommunity in Nathiagali. In this study, the data were collected through structured questionnaires from 200 residents ofthe selected tourist destinations. The study applied factor analysis approach for empirical results. It is found that thelocal community perceives positive and significant economic and social impacts from tourism in the form of job orbusiness opportunities, raising the standard of living and infrastructural development in the area. On the other hand,tourism brings environmental threats including health hazards from air and noise pollution, environmental degradation,and traffic congestion issues for the local community. Based on the results, it is recommended that appropriate policiesare needed at the government and local levels to get maximum benefits from tourism in Nathiagali, Pakistan.

Development of Main Directions for Achieving Sustainability in Tourism

It is challenging to identify key conditions for the integration of sustainable tourism in public or environmental policy, both in a national and international context. Therefore, this article aims to contribute insight into how sustainability can be integrated into environmental policy by studying a number of recent planning processes related to tourism. Sustainable tourism concept has been assuming a lot of importance especially since late 1980s. Tourism specialists are also doing ample researches on this topic. However, sustainability issues have not found its exact solutions so far. Especially, environmental impact of tourism is an alarming issue in some parts of the world. That’s why, this study has been carried out being motivated by both existing issues and relevant environmental policies which are being instituted by nationally and globally. Findings indicate that main clogs for reaching sustainability in tourism are: lack of responsibility by humans towards their surrounding world, ecology, nature; less promotion of sustainable travel in tourism industry; lack of political or governmental participation in reaching sustainability in tourism sector. The study targets analyzing the main issues and offering some relevant solution.

Virtual reality tourism to satisfy wanderlust without wandering: An unconventional innovation to promote sustainability

The tourism sector has always been a target of criticism due to the adverse environmental effects of travel and activities at tourist destinations. It is thus imperative for researchers and managers to seek tourism solutions that make business sense without raising sustainability-related issues. Particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual reality tourism (VRT), a form of digitally-driven albeit unconventional ex-situ touristic travel, has attracted the attention of multiple stakeholders in the sector. However, consumers’ perceptions of and motivations to use VRT as a sustainable solution for touristic activities are yet not fully understood. We address this deficiency in the literature by drawing upon expectancy theory to propose goal difficulty and reduction in the environmental impact of tourism (REI) as expectancy-related motivations, accomplishment as an instrumentality-related motivation and willingness to sacrifice as a valence-related motivation; we anticipate these motivations, in turn, to drive two outcomes: low- and high-effort pro-environmental behaviours. Analysing data collected from 350 individuals residing in the United States, we found support for all positive associations except for that of goal difficulty with high-effort pro-environmental behaviours and REI with both pro-environmental behaviours. We also tested and confirmed the moderating effects of the number of children in a household and daily green behaviours on some of the proposed associations. Our findings offer useful insights for future research and practice in the area.

Local Revitalization: Support from Local Residents

When featured destinations are used to revitalize cities, organizers must learn about the support of local residents. Therefore, the study used the Taiping Suspension Bridge in Meishan Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan as an example to explore the positive and negative impacts of tourism (i.e., its positive impact on the economy and negative impact on the environment) on resident support for the featured destination. The study used a structured questionnaire to collect local residents’ perceptions toward the aforementioned impacts and support attitude toward tourism. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed to the local residents with a valid return rate of 88.2%. The relationships among aforementioned variables were tested using structural equation modeling. The results revealed that the negative sociocultural and environmental impact of tourism negatively affected resident support for featured destinations. However, the positive economic impact of tourism weakened the perceived negative sociocultural and environmental impact of tourism and enhanced resident support for featured destinations. Therefore, in developing featured destinations, the positive economic impact of tourism is a crucial influencing factor in obtaining resident support. These results may serve as a reference to agencies intending to increase local revitalization through tourism development.

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local Community in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: a Local Community Prospective

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local Community in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: a Local Community Prospective

Assessing the perception of stakeholders regarding the impact of coastal tourism on the environment in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area

The coastal and marine area is one of an endlessly increasing number of human activities and provisions, the most significant of which are those associated with tourism. With the start of the MARSPLAN BS-II project in 2019, the planning of public participation actions of stakeholders to identify areas and important features for each maritime activity to develop and implement MSP has started. This study, using an appropriate exploratory approach, namely Grounded Theory, aims to assess stakeholders' perceptions of the environmental impact of tourism in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area to identify potential barriers that may arise from the perspective of implementing the Black Sea MSP. Even if the impact of tourism on the environment cannot be studied in-depth and fully proven, it is obvious, through our results, that tourism should fully enjoy the management and planning efforts.

Resident’s Perceptions towards the Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Environmental Impacts of Tourism: A Case Study of Nathiagali, District Abbottabad, Pakistan

The tourism industry poses both favorable and unfavorable consequences to the local communities of tourist destinations. This study aims to analyze the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism on the host community in Nathiagali. In this study, the data were collected through structured questionnaires from 200 residents of the selected tourist destinations. The study applied factor analysis approach for empirical results. It is found that the local community perceives positive and significant economic and social impacts from tourism in the form of job or business opportunities, raising the standard of living and infrastructural development in the area. On the other hand, tourism brings environmental threats including health hazards from air and noise pollution, environmental degradation, and traffic congestion issues for the local community. Based on the results, it is recommended that appropriate policies are needed at the government and local levels to get maximum benefits from tourism in Nathiagali, Pakistan.

DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF THE REGIONAL TOURIST COMPLEX

The article identifies factors that have a significant impact on the tourism and tourism complex development. It is determined that, the tourist complex is a typical intersectional complex, with a complex system of internal connections, based on the satisfaction of different people’s needs in the realization of tourist activities. It is mentioned that, the work of leading Ukrainian specialists in the geography of tourism points to the multifaceted nature and complexity of a clear and precise division of human activity into recreation and health improvement. This has led to different views on the factors of the development of the regional tourist complex. Traditionally, taking into account the theory of complex formation, they can be grouped into the following groups: economic, social, natural, ecological. The tourism territorial organization is one of the forms of economic processes social organization. It not only allows to indicate the most effective forms of spatial organization of economic processes, but also provides a scientific basis for the concept of sustainable development in understanding the optimization of economic processes and phenomena at the regional and local levels. The environmental impact of tourism is primarily related to such varieties as ecological and rural “green” tourism. They cannot exist only in the conditions of local natural landscapes preservation. The analysis of approaches to the selection of factors for the development of regional tourist complexes allows us to state that this remains a debatable issue in the geography of tourism. It is important to note that studying these factors we can raise the issue of territorial organization of regional tourist complex. For this purpose, it is necessary to define the available specialization of its territorial components and the complexity of the provision of tourism services. For the operation of tourism entities of various types, it is necessary to have a system of transport communications, water pipelines, gas and food pipelines, lines of communication and electricity, that is, a system of production infrastructure, without which no tourist complex is possible.

Do spatial spillovers matter? Estimating the impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions.

Most of the extant literature on the environmental impact of tourism has ignored the possible spatial interaction effects across countries. This study thus aims to re-investigate the impact of tourism development on CO2 emissions by taking spatial dependence into account. To that end, the spatial econometric techniques, which can address the issue of potential spatial dependence among countries, are adopted. Using a panel data of 95 countries over 2000-2014, the results confirm that there exists a significant spatial dependence among national CO2 emissions. Besides, the results provide confirmation that tourism development exerts a significant enhancing influence on CO2 emissions. Interestingly, we find that the promoting effect of tourism development on CO2 emissions primarily comes from the spillover effect rather than the direct effect, after considering spatial dependence. Finally, in light of the research findings, some policy implications are put forward to improve environmental quality.

Community perceptions link environmental decline to reduced support for tourism development in small island states: A case study in the Turks and Caicos Islands

Increasing tourism and population growth, exacerbated by migration, are placing pressure on the health and resilience of natural resources worldwide. This is evident in complex tropical coastal systems, particularly Small Island and Small Island Developing States (SIDS), where limited resources, fragile environments and climate change risk result in sustainable development challenges. The relationship between residents' perceived impacts of tourism, marine resource health, and support for future development was investigated through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 57 stakeholders, including heads of households, fishers and those working in the tourism sector, on the Island of Grand Turk (Turks and Caicos Islands). Perceptions of the economic, social and environmental impact of tourism were not significantly associated with residents' socio-demographics. However, Turks and Caicos nationals were significantly more likely to support future tourism development than non-nationals. Residents that linked tourism with environmental degradation showed significantly reduced support for tourism development. Proposed developments which promote overnight tourism were viewed most positively by respondents highlighting a need for strategic growth of the tourism sector to consider income generation outside of the cruise terminal. Results highlight the need for more balanced consideration of the effects of tourism on socio-economic factors along with environmental considerations in communities highly depended on marine resources. Thus, context-specific understanding of residents’ perceptions and how this might influence support for future development is vital to building policies that are reflective of local priorities.

Diagnosis on Environmental Impacts of Tourism at Caju Beach in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil

Diagnosis on Environmental Impacts of Tourism at Caju Beach in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil

Process of Developing a Community Based Tourism and Identifying its Economic and Social Impacts: An Empirical Study on Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

The study was carried on how to develop Community Based Tourism in Cox’s Bazar in order to find the prospects of Community based tourism in Cox’s bazar. The paper defines about the concept of Community Based Tourism (CBT), more specifically it triggered towards case study in Cox’s Bazar which is most visited place in Bangladesh by tourists. Then, the researchers developed well-designed framework which will be beneficial for practitioners and academicians. This is a quantitative study, a total of 406 data were collected by using self-administered. Based on the findings, it is revealed that there is a strong relationship between social, economic, cultural and environmental impact of tourism. The major findings of the study are that economic impact of Community Based Tourism is very much significant followed by social impact. So, the planners and other tourism stakeholders can take initiative as early as possible to develop CBT in Cox’s bazar for the betterment of host community. The development of research framework in this study will enrich the literature regarding the construct of tourism development, more specifically for community-based tourism. This research will be useful in providing an insight of tourism development process for the stakeholders and authorities of tourism ministry.

Environmental Responsibility of Enterprise in Tourism and Hotel Business in Russia

The article discusses the environmental impact of tourism and hotel business on the environment and business responsibility for these negative consequences. It is shown that the ecological responsibility of the tourist and hotel business acts as a key factor determining the level of development of entrepreneurial culture in tourism and hospitality. The state of the Russian regulatory framework regulating the activities of the tourist business is analyzed. It is noted that in connection with the rapid development of hotel infrastructure in Russia, the problems of ensuring the ecological safety of hotels have become topical. It is shown that the growing number of tourists in the formation of the ecological component of tourism is the emergence of a new category of tourists who, in the process of traveling, pay special attention to the issues of ecology, preservation of the environment, development of the planet. It is emphasized that the ecological condition of the tourist destination is an important aspect of the travel motivation. The directions of increasing the environmental responsibility of entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality are proposed, as well as the formation of an ecologically responsible tourist.

Sustainability of tourism development in Kashmir — Is paradise lost?

The Himalayan region has for long been a popular tourism destination. Yet tourism creates environmental and socio-economic consequences, and mountain tourism is of particular concern because it is frequently espoused as a means of community development yet it also degrades the environment. Kashmir, often described as a “Paradise on earth”, is a sought-after tourist destination. However, the seasonal character of tourism and the concentration of tourism activities at a small number of locations, in the absence of tourism policy, have triggered serious environmental and ecological concerns. This paper proposes a management strategy that would provide a basis for achieving sustainable tourism. The Kashmir Valley is divided into three tourism potential (TP) regions (High, Medium and Low) on the basis of Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) of natural and socio-economic attributes. Knowledge-based weights and ranks are normalized, and a weighted linear combination technique is adopted to demarcate TP regions. The tourism carrying capacity (TCC) is estimated to better regulate tourist flow. The results reveal that TCC is being exceeded in the summer season, and the study proposes that the environmental impact of tourism could be minimized by regulating tourist flow as per TCC limits, developing winter tourism and identifying new tourist destinations.

An importance–performance analysis of sustainable tourism: A comparison between international and national tourists

Sustainable tourism—with its focus on the economic, social, and environmental impact of tourism—has been an issue since the publication of the Brundtland Commission Report in 1987. The objective of this research paper is to use importance–performance analysis (IPA) to examine the performance of one particular tourist destination with regard to social and environmental sustainability, and to establish whether international tourists and national tourists differ in the sustainability factors they consider important. A quantitative questionnaire was handed out to national and international tourists at tourist offices in Bologna, Italy. The questionnaire contained scales to measure the tourists' satisfaction with the destination and their hotels from a sustainability point of view, and their views on the importance of such factors. The conclusion is that their opinions vary considerably: for example national tourists rank the environmental sustainability of their holiday destination more highly than do international tourists. The results of the study can be used by destination managers in Bologna and elsewhere to improve the sustainability factors that tourists think are most important, while other tourist destinations could also conduct similar studies to examine their sustainability performance.

Conceptualization of Modeling Resident Attitudes on the Environmental Impacts of Tourism: A Case Study of Oahu, Hawaii

The research presented is an exploratory analysis of sustainable tourism development and resident attitudes on Oahu, Hawaii based on the proposed conceptual model. A paper survey was administered to a convenience sample (N = 440) of residents on Oahu to investigate residents’ perceptions of tourism's environmental impacts and how these perceptions relate to views on effective government management and sustainable tourism development. Descriptive statistics, missing value analysis (MVA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze survey data collected from Oahu residents. Results indicate residents recognize the benefits of tourism also come with costs to the environment. Policies can manage tourism so benefits outweigh costs, resulting in an enlightened destination that chooses what is economically and environmentally best for all stakeholders. These policies should be based on understanding how residents form their attitudes towards tourism on Oahu. The model presented in this research increases the understanding of how residents’ attitudes are formed.

Autenticità e risorse locali come attrattive turistiche: il caso della Calabria

In the last decades numerous changes have affected tourism sector, such as the globalization of markets, the diffusion of new information and communication technologies, and, over all, the demand evolution. All these factors have caused the crisis of mass tourism and the socalled post-tourism birth, reshaping holiday taking and increasing tourist market segmentation. Today tourists want to understand the lifestyle and the local tradition of the destination. Therefore, tourist products must reflect the true culture of the place and must be authentic. This paper analyses the case of Calabria. Calabria is not a successful tourist destination and it is not affected by the main international tourist flows, also due to transportation difficulties and their high costs. The region draws principally the Italian segment of “summer, beach and sun” market and, therefore, it suffers of high demand seasonality. The latter explains the low average occupancy rate of accommodation facilities and the modest rate of return on investment in the tourism sector in the region. A consequence of the congestion of space during the peak season is the negative environmental impact of tourism because of the surpassing of the carrying capacities of the resource base in summer months. In order to overcome these problems, tourism flows have to be regulated and measures are needed to extend the tourist season. The starting could be offering authenticity and uniqueness, concentrating the efforts on typical elements of local lifestyle, history and tradition, involving also the local community. The proposed study analyses some successful enterprises created in order to achieve the previously illustrated aims.

Community Perceptions toward Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local Communities

This paper investigates the community perceptions toward economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Shiraz, Iran. Special focus is on the differences in perceptions between the Old and New Districts of Shiraz. The study demonstrates that there are broadly similar views among the community leaders and community residents from both districts of Shiraz. In fact, a high percentage of the answers obtained highlighted positive aspects environmental and economic impacts of tourism toward local communities. According to the survey, the strongest and favourable perceptions toward tourism impacts are found to be linked with environmental aspects and while economic matters are found to be the least favourable in terms of the perceived impacts on tourism. T-test analysis of the study indicates that there is no significant difference between community leaders' perceptions in both districts of Shiraz City. Results drew from discussion with the target group show that the community residents have positive perceptions toward economic and environmental impacts of tourism with only minor differences with each other.

The Environmental Impacts of Tourism at the Casela Nature and Leisure Park, Mauritius

The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental impacts resulting from tourist activities at the Casela Nature and Leisure Park, an important tourist attraction in the island of Mauritius. The study adopts a qualitative approach to understand the environmental impacts resulting from the behaviour of visitors. In general, the results reveal that tourism is having some positive impacts on the park such as the preservation of many rare plants and animals. Visitor activities however, are also having negative consequences on the environment of the park. During weekends and during morning times, the carrying capacity of the park seems to be exceeded. Noise pollution and litter were some of the most severe impacts resulting from tourist activities. Overcrowding was also another impact noted by the manager of the park which was confirmed by the observation of the authors. The noise pollution caused by activities of the tourists was found to be disturbing to the environment of the park and to animals nearby. Based on the findings, the authors have recommended the implementation of certain visitor management strategies such as displaying a code of conduct for visitors, managing visitor flows and having trained guides for visiting purposes.

Comparative Review of Research on Environmental Impacts of Tourism in English and Chinese Literatures

China is experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use of its environments but only limited studies of the environmental impacts of tourism have been published. This paper is based upon a collection of research papers on the environmental impacts of tourism in English and Chinese, especially research on carrying capacity and the physical impacts of tourism. The paper compares the characteristics of research in English and Chinese literatures. It shows that China lags behind the western world in this research field. Chinese researchers need to: (1) be more critical of the feasibility of carrying capacity applications; (2) introduce new technologies in their research on vegetation and soil; (3) know more about the buffering effects of different kinds of tourist trails such as boardwalks, concrete trails, cross-tie trails, cobble trails and so on; (4) try to shed light on possible positive impacts of tourism; and (5) pay more attention to the protection of environmentally sensitive areas. The paper also discusses the dilemmas of research on carrying capacity and environmental impacts.