Environmental Impact Analysis Research Articles

Optimal Positioning of Small Wind Turbines Into a Building Using On-Site Measurements and Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation

Abstract Renewable energy solutions are essential for addressing several pressing issues, including climate change, the fossil fuels supply chain fragility and fuel price fluctuations. One promising technological solution is rooftop-mounted turbines into buildings. This study presents an evaluation of the potential for wind energy utilization on the rooftop of a 29 m tall building. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology that can effectively investigate the integration of small wind turbines (SWTs) into urban buildings, intending to promote energy sufficiency in urban areas. A robust framework has been developed that consists of seven steps. These steps include site selection, evaluating urban wind energy with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and on-site measurements, selecting an appropriate SWT, estimating the annual energy production (AEP), conducting an evaluation of the environmental impact, resilience, and economic analysis, and finally, installing the system. This straightforward yet reliable framework provides a comprehensive approach to assessing the viability of wind energy utilization in urban areas. The findings revealed that the most suitable location for installation had an estimated AEP of around 1030 kWh, leading to a reduction in emissions of 0.64 tCO2/y. Additionally, it was observed that the building's geometry and orientation significantly affected the wind flow, causing a substantial decrease in wind speed downstream. Selecting optimal sites and considering wind patterns are essential for maximizing energy generation in wind energy projects.

Community Perceptions on Environmental Impact Assessments in the Construction of the Toll Road between Solo and New Yogyakarta International Airport, in Indonesia

Background and Objective: The development of toll roads between Solo and New Yogyakarta International Airport of Indonesia is part of the government's endeavor to improve the accessibility, connectivity, and capacity of inter-regional transportation networks in order to considerably boost economic growth through increased regional links. The research will analyze at the socio-cultural circumstances, social conflict, public health, and community views and attitudes about toll road building. Research Methods: This study employs a qualitative and quantitative technique, which involves in-depth interview observation processes. The data analysis comprises the identification, categorization, and interpretation of community opinions as perceived by 200 respondents from impacted communities. Results: The majority of respondents were male, 106 (53%), with the highest degree of education being senior high school a total of 118 respondents (59.50%). The majority of their jobs were as private employees number 84 respondents (42%), with an average salary of Rp. 3,195,000. The surrounding community is religious, with 106 respondents (84%) actively engaged in Islamic studies in a mutually beneficial atmosphere, and 171 respondents (88.5%). Conflicts in society are always addressed pleasantly, according to 198 respondents (99%). Theoretical and Practical Implications: The community does not oppose toll road building, according to 188 respondents (94%) since they feel it would serve regional interests. Environmental impact analysis is carried out in a proportionate manner by incorporating the community through public engagement. Implementation of public consultation throughout ten time periods. The outcomes of public consultations are utilized to provide supporting and critical comments. 42 community figures were chosen as members of the Environmental effect Assessment technical team, which was in charge of overseeing the execution of environmental effect management and monitoring. Changes in public views and attitudes about toll road development must be regulated and monitored to ensure that the public impression of toll roads remains favorable throughout construction. Recommendations: Project implementers are responsible for the impacts caused and comply with all detailed provisions in accordance with management and monitoring plan documents that have been approved by the Ministry of Environment.

Multi-objective optimization and 4E (energy, exergy, economy, environmental impact) analysis of a triple cascade refrigeration system

The post-pandemic energy crisis and ever-increasing environmental degradation necessitate researchers to scrutinize refrigeration systems, major contributors to these issues, for minimal environmental impact and maximum performance. Thus, this study aims to comprehensively examine a triple cascade refrigeration system (TCRS) equipped with hydrocarbon refrigerants (1-butene/Heptane/m-Xylene). This system is specifically designed for ultra-low temperature applications, including vaccine storage, quick-freezing, frozen food preservation, cryogenic processes, and gas liquefaction. The investigation integrates conventional thermodynamic analysis with economic and environmental impact assessments, and finally multi-objective optimization (MOO) to ascertain optimal operating conditions for the system. The effect of (1) evaporator temperature, Tevap (2) condenser temperature, Tcond (3) Lower Temperature Circuit (LTC) condenser temperature, TLTC (4) Mid Temperature Circuit (MTC) condenser temperature, TMTC and (5) Cascade Condenser temperature difference, ΔT on three objective functions (COP, exergy efficiency, and overall plant cost) have been investigated employing a parametric analysis. Subsequently, quadratic equations for these objective functions are generated using the Box-Behnken method, and MOO utilizing the Genetic algorithm has been performed to maximize COP and exergy efficiency while minimizing the overall cost rate. The decision-making techniques TOPSIS and LINMAP are used to retrieve a unique solution from the Pareto Front, and the system performance has been assessed at the optimal point. The optimization result demonstrates that for the 10-kW capacity TCRS, COP, exergy efficiency, and total plant cost are 0.71, 0.51, and 38262.05 $/year respectively, at optimum condition (Tevap = −101.023 °C, Tcond = 36.545 °C, TLTC = - 69.047 °C and TMTC = - 34.651 °C). Exergy analysis identifies HTC compressor (19.3 %) and throttle valve (15.5 %) as key contributors to total exergy destruction, while economic analysis underscores capital and maintenance costs (72 %) as the primary contributors to the overall cost, with evaporator (43 %) and condenser (20 %) accounting for 63 % of this cost.

#2481 Reduction in ultra-processed food by providing medically tailored healthy food baskets to patients with CKD: the HELPFUL trial

Abstract Background and Aims Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in classifying foods based on the extent and purpose of industrial processing according to the NOVA system, which outlines four main food categories: unprocessed and minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods, and ultra-processed foods (UPFs). The latter is characterized by industrial formulations with an elevated content of additives, sugar, unhealthy fat, and sodium. Increased consumption of UPFs can worsen metabolic derangements that develop as kidney function decreases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated food intake according to the NOVA food classification system before and after a medically tailored meal intervention with plant-based food baskets for patients with CKD who had hyperkalemia at inclusion and received sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) to normalize plasma potassium. Additionally, we aimed to assess the diets’ environmental impact by evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) associated with these dietary changes. Method Data were based on a six-week feasibility one-arm clinical study, the HELPFUL trial (identifier: NCT04207203), that enrolled 26 adult patients with CKD stages 4 and 5, not on dialysis and with plasma potassium 5.1-6.5 mmol/L at inclusion. In the first 3 weeks, patients were guided to adhere to a low-protein and low-potassium diet with concomitant use of SZC. The following 3 weeks, patients received food baskets containing fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and either white meat, fish or egg to provide a healthy low-protein high-potassium diet. To assess dietary changes, 24-hour food recalls were collected at weeks 0, 3 and 6 and subsequently classified according to the NOVA classification. The mean adequacy ratio to the dietary recommended intake (DRI) of 11 nutrients (MAR-11 score) was calculated to assess dietary quality. Furthermore, the 24-hour food recalls were linked to GHGE estimations for analysis of environmental impact using the RISE food climate database which is representative of Swedish food consumption. Statistical analyses using Friedman's test or ANOVA for repeated measures were employed to identify significant differences before and after the plant-based food basket intervention. This study was funded by Astra Zeneca. Results The plasma potassium (mmol/L) normalized after the use of SZC (week 0: 5.52 ± 0.3; week 3: 4.72 ± 0.4; week 6: 4.8 ± 0.4; P < 0.01). Figure 1 shows changes in energy intake according to the NOVA classification. A significant reduction in UPF consumption (P = 0.024) was observed. In the post-hoc analysis, the change between week 3 and 6 was borderline significant (P = 0.052) while that between week 0 and 6 was statistically significant (P = 0.008). The healthy food basket diet led to a significant increase in dietary fibers (P = 0.002) and servings of fruits (P < 0.01), vegetables (P = 0.04), nuts (P < 0.01), poultry (P = 0.02), and fish (P < 0.001) and reduced servings of red meat (P = 0.03). As a result, the MAR-11 score increased significantly (P = 0.021). The GHGE analysis of carbon dioxide equivalents revealed no differences between emissions (median and interquartile range) in week 0 [1.79 (1.24; 3.13)], week 3 [1.79 (1.47; 2.74)] and week 6 [1.87 (1.51; 2.61)]. Conclusion Delivering medically tailored healthy food baskets to patients with CKD with concomitant use of SZC led to increased dietary quality and decreased UPF intake. However, these beneficial changes were not aligned with a decrease in GHGE, highlighting the complex relationship between dietary choices and environmental impact.

Techno-Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of a 50 MW Solar-Powered Rankine Cycle System

The interest in combined heat and solar power (CHP) systems has increased due to the growing demand for sustainable energy with low carbon emissions. An effective technical solution to address this requirement is using a parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) in conjunction with a Rankine cycle (RC) heat engine. The solar-powered Rankine cycle (SPRC) system is a renewable energy technology that can be relied upon for its high efficiency and produces clean energy output. This study describes developing a SPRC system specifically for electricity generation in Aden, Yemen. The system comprises parabolic trough collectors, a thermal storage tank, and a Rankine cycle. A 4E analysis of this system was theoretically investigated, and the effects of various design conditions, namely the boiler’s pinch point temperature and steam extraction from the high-pressure turbine, steam extraction from the intermediate-pressure turbine, and condenser temperature, were studied. Numerical simulations showed that the system produces a 50 MW net. The system’s exergetic and energy efficiencies are 30.7% and 32.4%. The planned system costs 2509 USD/h, the exergoeconomic factor is 79.43%, and the system’s energy cost is 50.19 USD/MWh. The system has a 22.47 kg/MWh environmental carbon footprint. It is also observed that the performance of the cycle is greatly influenced by climatic circumstances. Raising the boiler’s pinch point temperature decreases the system’s performance and raises the environmental impact.

The Environmental Impact Analysis for Three Mangrove Species of Indian Sunderbans

The paper deals with three mangrove species of Indian Sunderbans namely, Heritiera fomes Bach.-Him, Nypa fruticans Wamb. and Acrostichum aureum L. which have become endangered due to different environmental impact of them. The main factors causing rapid decrease in the population of these three species are (i) Lack of fresh water supply, (ii) Human population pressure, and (iii) Over exploitation. The problem has been assessed and measures suggested to save the three species.

Driving towards sustainability: A review of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites for eco-friendly automotive light-weighting

The automotive industry stands at a critical juncture, compelled by the imperative of sustainability to seek innovative materials for eco-friendly light-weighting. Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) have gained popularity due to their environmentally friendly nature and excellent engineering capabilities. This review paper comprehensively examines the landscape of NFRPCs in the context of automotive applications. Beginning with an overview of the ecological urgency and regulatory framework driving sustainable automotive materials, the review navigates through key advancements in NFRPC technology. The paper delineates the diverse array of natural fibers employed as reinforcements, elucidating their intrinsic properties, sources, and processing considerations. Concurrently, an in-depth analysis of various polymer matrices showcases their compatibility with different fiber types, emphasizing the critical interplay between fiber and matrix for optimal composite performance. A pivotal facet of this review manuscript lies in the rigorous evaluation of NFRPC performance across an array of metrics, including mechanical, thermal, and environmental considerations. Studies examining the interfacial interactions between natural fibers and polymers, as well as enhancements through additives and treatments, are critically assessed. Environmental and economic considerations are paramount in the quest for sustainable automotive materials. While economic evaluations delve into the viability and cost-effectiveness of widespread adoption, life cycle assessments and environmental impact analyses are evaluated to estimate the ecological footprint of NFRPCs. The paper also surveys current trends and prospects, offering insights into forthcoming innovations and directions for research. Therefore, this review article consolidates a comprehensive body of knowledge on NFRPCs for eco-friendly automotive light-weighting. By synthesizing findings from diverse studies, it provides a holistic perspective on the potential, challenges, and future trajectory of NFRPCs in the automotive sector.

Green Alginate Extraction from Macrocystis pyrifera for Bioplastic Applications: Physicochemical, Environmental Impact, and Chemical Hazard Analyses

Green Alginate Extraction from <i>Macrocystis pyrifera</i> for Bioplastic Applications: Physicochemical, Environmental Impact, and Chemical Hazard Analyses

Eco-friendly, high-toughness gypsum prepared using hemihydrate phosphogypsum, fly ash, and glass fibers: Characterization and environmental impacts

Hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG), obtained as a cementitious material from the dewatering of phosphogypsum, can be widely used in the preparation of construction materials owing to its low cost and environmental friendliness. However, current reports on HPG mainly focus on hydration behavior, mechanical properties, and durability, and there are few studies focusing on the enhancement of HPG toughness. In this work, glass fibers (GF) and fly ash (FA), as composite reinforcement, were mixed with HPG during its preparation to obtain eco-friendly, high-toughness gypsum. The workability, mechanical, microstructural, financial and environmental properties of the HPG-based composites with different GF volume dosages (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol%) and FA weight percentages (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt%) were comparatively investigated. The results show that the addition of an appropriate amount of FA can improve the interface transition zone between GF and the matrix and effectively increase the flexural strength and toughness of the composites. For the optimal mixture containing 1.5 vol% GF and 20 wt% FA, the flexural strength and toughness were 50.7% and 82.2% higher, respectively, than those of the mixture without FA and 99.2% and 675.3% higher, respectively, than those of the control sample (without GF and FA). Cost-benefit and environmental impact analyses also indicated that this composite was the most economical and environmentally friendly. Thus, this work provides an effective approach to achieve the high-value utilization of two major industrial by-products.

Infrared thermography detection of grouting defects in post-tensioned tendon ducts under active thermal excitation

The efficacy of employing infrared thermography (IRT) for concrete bridge deck inspection has been well established. Although an IRT detection method during construction stage under hydration heat excitation had been proposed in old works, it is also essential to be applicated in the existing large amounts of bridges in service, while it can be challenging due to factors, such as the substantial depth of the ducts and the variation in duct materials. Therefore, this study presents an IRT detection method for grouting defects in post-tensioned tendon ducts under the stimulation of a shortwave infrared heater. The investigation explores the influence of different factors, such as duct depth, length, grouting compactness level, and duct material, on the detection results and the corresponding heating durations required. Results indicate that with a thermal radiation intensity of approximately 550 W/m2 with a heating duration of 45 mins and followed by a cooling period of 90 mins to 130 mins, the detection of fully grouted void defects within 350 mm long ducts made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at burial depths of 50, 70, and 90 mm is feasible. For the best detection results, grouting void defects buried at a depth of 50 mm should be detected after a maximum heating duration of 75 mins and 90 mins corresponding to the PVC ducts and metal ducts. The detection effectiveness is higher for PVC ducts than for metal ducts. Furthermore, an environmental impact analysis should be carried out in the future to make this method into practice.

Analysis of Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance Impact of Carnival Activities on Village Sustainability

This research aims to find out whether the ESG concept can only be used in a company or can also be used to analyze an activity, where this activity can have an impact on society. By using an interpretive paradigm, this researcher tries to interpret the impact that occurs on carnival activities in terms of the ESG concept. Data was obtained using in-depth interviews with the organizing committee, activity participants and also local businesses involved in the activity who were key informants. The method used is a snowballing system where interview results are grouped and data reduction is carried out before being analyzed and conclusions drawn or verified. Triangulation was also carried out using different question techniques asked to ensure the validity of the data to key informants. By using triangulation techniques, researchers ensure that the data obtained is valid. The results of this research found that there are many impacts that occur in carnival activities which are reviewed with the ESG concept which can later be used as something for the sustainability of the village and can also be a reason in making decisions for the sustainability of the village and also for the sustainability of this activity. In other cases The impact resulting from the concept that has been applied to this activity can be seen from the environmental, social and environmental impacts of this activity also governance.

Techno–economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive techno–economic and environmental impact analysis of electric two-wheeler batteries in India. The technical comparison reveals that sodium-ion (Na-ion) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries outperform lead–acid batteries in various parameters, with Na-ion and Li-ion batteries exhibiting higher energy densities, higher power densities, longer cycle lives, faster charge rates, better compactness, lighter weight and lower self-discharge rates. In economic comparison, Na-ion batteries were found to be ~12–14% more expensive than Li-ion batteries. However, the longer lifespans and higher energy densities of Na-ion and Li-ion batteries can offset their higher costs through improved performance and long-term savings. Lead–acid batteries have the highest environmental impact, while Li-ion batteries demonstrate better environmental performance and potential for recycling. Na-ion batteries offer promising environmental advantages with their abundance, lower cost and lower toxic and hazardous material content. Efficient recycling processes can further enhance the environmental benefits of Na-ion batteries. Overall, this research examines the potential of Na-ion batteries as a cheaper alternative to Li-ion batteries, considering India’s abundant sodium resources in regions such as Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and others.

Analysis of Environmental Impacts of Tuz gölü Natural Gas Storage Project on Tuz Lake

Tuz Gölü Natural Gas Storage Project is one of the most crucial projects developed by BOTAŞ within the framework of ensuring energy supply security. Within the scope of this project, artificial caverns are created for the storage of natural gas and for this purpose, salt layers located 700 to 1500 meters below the ground are leached with fresh water. The brine released as a result of the leaching is discharged into the Tuz Gölü through a 40 km pipeline. This study aims to analyze and interpret the effects of this discharge on the Tuz Gölü. pH, Electrical Conductivity, Salinity, Dissolved Solids Suspended Solids, Sulfate, Chloride Alkalinity, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium Nitrogen, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium, Oil and Gress parameters were analyzed to determine the water quality in the brine samples taken monthly from the brine discharge point from 2015 when the discharge started until 2023. Related measurements were taken monthly within the scope of this project and analyzed by an accredited laboratory. SPSS 25.0 for Windows package program was used for data analysis. Mean and standard deviation values were used to describe the data. Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test was performed to confirm conformity of the research parameters to the standard normal distribution. The present study aims to provide an environmental impact prediction for future projects.

Optimization of sustainable distributed power generation in distribution networks: a comprehensive analysis of location, capacity, and environmental impact

With the increasing integration of distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks, the impact of its output and configuration on the environment and overall benefits has become more pronounced. To enhance environmental benefits while minimizing costs, an optimization model for DG location and capacity considering environmental benefits (LCEB) is proposed. Initially, a mathematical model for DG location and capacity is established, with optimization objectives including voltage deviation, network loss, and environmental benefit. Subsequently, modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) with a single-dimension search probability mutation is employed to solve this model, obtaining an optimized DG output and layout scheme. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are demonstrated through simulation and analysis by using the IEEE33 node system as an example. The results highlight the model’s capability to improve environmental and economic benefits, enhance voltage levels, and reduce network losses within the distribution network.

Combination of waste processing between MASARO plastic refinery unit and maggots technology

The evaluation of MASARO plastic refinery unit and maggots waste processing strategies’ efficacy, environmental impact, and economic analysis is at the center of the issue formulation in this study. Waste processing through MASARO plastic refinery unit requires incinerators, pyrolysis, and wet scrubber units. On the other side, maggots are used in waste processing because of their capacity to swiftly degrade the waste without negative impacts on the environment. Waste reduction is a parameter that can be used to measure the performance of waste processing. The percentages of waste reduction achieved by using MASARO plastic refinery unit can surpass 90% whereas maggots can range from 65.5% to 78.9%. The environmental impacts of MASARO plastic refinery unit and maggots technology are low. The flue gas qualities from MASARO plastic refinery unit are almost below threshold limits so it does not harm the environment. Likewise, waste processing using maggots has almost no negative impacts due to low emissions of CO2, CH4, SO2, and N-element. From an economic point of view, the MASARO process can provide an annual revenue of $3,840,000. Meanwhile, the anticipated annual revenue from waste processing using maggots is $55,000 if they are sold for $1000 per ton.

Evaluation of the environmental impacts of the smallholder milk-production system in Central Mexico.

In order to analyze the environmental performance of Smallholder Dairy Farms (SHDFs) located in the State of Mexico, a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) was carried out using two methodological approaches (A1 and A2) to estimate and interpret environmental impacts. A1 consisted in obtaining the average inputs and outputs of 15 SHDFs to generate a representative farm life cycle inventory, while A2 included an individual environmental impact analysis per SHDF to obtain average values of the contributions per analyzed midpoint impact category. The feed production subsystem generated the highest contributions to environmental impacts per liter of raw milk produced. Estimated emissions based on A2 approach, resulted in higher environmental impacts compared to results obtained with A1. The estimated values for the midpoint impact categories obtained with A2: Climate change, Fossil depletion, Terrestrial acidification, and Agricultural land occupation, were 8.73%, 30.77%, 100%, and 20.49% higher compared to A1 approach, respectively. While A2 provides more accurate results, it requires more time and resources compared to the integration of a panel of representative dairy farms.

Experimental Evaluation of Methanol/Jet-A Blends as Sustainable Aviation Fuels for Turbo-Engines: Performance and Environmental Impact Analysis

This study offers a comprehensive examination, both theoretically and experimentally, of the potential of methanol (M) as a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) assessed in combination with kerosene (Ke—Jet-A aviation fuel + 5% Aeroshell oil). Different blends of methanol and kerosene (10%, 20%, and 30% vol. of (M) was added to Ke) were tested in an aviation micro turbo-engine under various operating regimes, such as idle, cruise, and maximum. Key engine parameters, including combustion temperature, fuel consumption, and thrust, were closely monitored during these trials. Essential performance indicators such as combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency, and specific consumption for all fuel blends under maximum operating conditions are also presented. Physical and chemical characteristics, such as viscosity, density, calorific value and flash point, were determined for each blend. Moreover, elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy were utilized to evaluate the chemical composition of the fuels. This study further investigated the air requirements for stoichiometric combustion and computed the resulting CO2 and H2O emissions. Experimental tests were conducted on the Jet Cat P80® micro turbo-engine, covering assessments of starting procedures, acceleration, deceleration, and pollutant emissions (CO and SO2) during various engine operating conditions. The results suggest that the examined fuel blends demonstrate stable engine performance at concentrations of 10% and 20% methanol. However, observations indicate that with an increase in methanol concentration, particularly at 30%, the stability of the engine at idle and, notably, at maximum speed decreases significantly. Specifically, at a 30% methanol concentration, the engine no longer operates stably, exhibiting significant rpm fluctuations, leading to the decision not to explore higher concentrations.

Analysis of unconfined compressive strength and environmental impact of MICP-treated lead-zinc tailings sand instead of sand as embankment material

Tailings can be used as embankment materials instead of sand. However, they contain large amounts of heavy metal pollutants, which can lead to groundwater pollution. In this study, (lead-zinc) Pb-Zn tailings with five particle sizes and Sporosarcina pasteurii were used as test materials. Combined with the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and leaching of heavy metal pollutants from Pb-Zn tailings, the feasibility of applying microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)-treated Pb-Zn tailings to embankment materials was analysed from the perspective of strength and environmental performance. The results showed that the UCS and carbonate content of the specimens made of Pb-Zn tailings treated using MICP decreased with a decrease in the number of Pb-Zn tailing particles. The pH value of the leaching solution after MICP treatment of Pb-Zn tailings sand was stable at 7.83–8.03, and the fixation rate of metal ions was 90.28 %–100 %. FTIR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy tests showed that after the Pb-Zn tailings with particle sizes less than 100 mesh were treated using MICP, the number of carbonate crystals, crystal uniformity, and crystal overlap on the surface of the sample were considerably higher than those of the tailings with particle sizes greater than 250 mesh. The compressive strength and environmental performance of Pb-Zn tailings with particle sizes less than 100 mesh treated using MICP are good, and they are more suitable for embankment materials.

Rare earth elements-A review of exploration, processing, environmental impact, recycling and prospect analysis

In high-tech and low-carbon economies, rare earth elements are becoming increasingly important. Global demand for REEs is increasing as society transitions to a more sustainable model with the goal of reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The study on rare earth elements (REEs) is reviewed in this document, including estimations of the world's reserves, categorization of REE deposits, key REE production paths and processing techniques, environmental effects, and the possibility for recycling in the rare earth business. This paper's main goal is to present a comprehensive environmental and socioeconomic perspective on REEs, emphasizing the environmental effects of various REE-related activities and looking at how REEs can be used more effectively and scientifically, such as by investigating the viability of recycling REEs. and offer an outlook for the future. In order to address the issues with their demand and lower the dangers involved with supplying rare earths, researchers are further developing the methods for mining and using rare earth elements as well as recycling and reusing them.

Radiological environmental impact analysis of the uranium mining site in Mika, Nigeria using time series forecast model.

This study employs time series forecasting, specifically Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average, to predict the radiological impact of uranium mining in Mika, Nigeria. By utilizing meteorological data to model the dispersion of radioactive emissions to receptors, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of potential health and environmental consequences. The study observed a slight change in the Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) at the nearest residence northeast receptor between the actual and the forecasted data. The findings could be largely because of the basement complex rock formations that characterized the Mika region. The study recommend proper monitoring and evaluation should be done before full-scale mining can be carried out. However, the TEDE is generally below the International Atomic Energy Agency recommended level of 1mSv per y for public exposure. The research demonstrates the significance of predictive modeling in managing and mitigating the radiological risks associated with uranium mining activities. Findings contribute to informed decision-making and sustainable resource extraction practices in Mika, Nigeria.